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Ma RX, Li RF, Deng XQ, Qiao RQ, Li JK, Song KX, Ji SL, Hu YC. Repair of tendons treated with peracetic acid-ethanol and gamma irradiation by EDC combined with NHS: a morphological, biochemical and biomechanical study in vitro. Cell Tissue Bank 2024; 25:427-442. [PMID: 36797536 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-023-10080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) combined with n-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) can repair tendon damage caused by peracetic acid-ethanol and gamma irradiation sterilization. The semitendinosus tendons of 15 New Zealand white rabbits were selected as experimental materials, and the tendons were sterilized in a solution containing 1% (v/w) peracetic acid and 24% (v/w) ethanol. After 15 kGy gamma irradiation sterilization, the tendons were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10). The tendons were repaired with EDCs of 0, 2.5 and 5 mM combined with 5 mM NHS for 6 h, the tendons were temporarily stored at - 80 ± °C. The arrangement and spatial structure of collagen fibers were observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the collagen type and collagen crimp period were observed under a polarizing microscope, and the collagen fibril diameter and its distribution were measured by transmission electron microscopy, from which the collagen fibril index and mass average diameter were calculated. The resistance of collagen to enzymolysis was detected by the free hydroxyproline test, and tensile fracture and cyclic loading tests of each group of tendons were carried out, from which the elastic modulus, maximum stress, maximum strain, strain energy density and cyclic creep strain were calculated. The obtained results showed that the gap between loose collagen fibers in the 0 mM control group was wider, the parallel arrangement of tendons in the 2.5 and 5 mM groups was more uniform and regular and the fiber space decreased, the crimp period in the 5 mM group was lower than that in the 0 mM group (P < 0.05), and the concentration of hydroxyproline in the 5 mM group (711.64 ± 77.95 μg/g) was better than that in the control group (1150.57 ± 158.75 μg/g). The elastic modulus of the 5 mM group (424.73 ± 150.96 MPa) was better than that of the 0 mM group (179.09 ± 37.14 MPa). Our results show that EDC combined with NHS can repair damaged tendons after peracetic acid-ethanol and gamma radiation treatment, and 5 mM EDC has better morphological performance, anti-enzymolysis ability and biomechanical properties than 2.5 mM EDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Xing Ma
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, 406 Jiefang Southern Road, Tianjin, 300211, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui-Feng Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Rui-Qi Qiao
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji-Kai Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun-Xiu Song
- Department of Hand and Microsurgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shao-Lin Ji
- Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong-Cheng Hu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, 406 Jiefang Southern Road, Tianjin, 300211, China.
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Tachibana Y, Mae T, Nakata K, Matsuo T, Shino K. Tibiofemoral Relationship 3 Weeks After Anatomic Triple-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With 10 N of Initial Tension Is Closer to Normal Knee Versus That With 20 N of Initial Tension. Arthroscopy 2022; 38:2232-2241. [PMID: 34965445 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to clarify the effect of initial graft tension on the ensuing tibiofemoral relationship and on 2-year clinical outcomes after anatomic triple-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. METHODS A total of 31 patients with primary unilateral ACL rupture (mean age, 25.1 years) were enrolled. Anatomic triple-bundle ACL reconstruction was performed using semitendinosus tendon autografts, and patients were grouped according to the total initial tension at graft fixation: 20 N for 16 patients between January 2012 and December 2012 and 10 N for 15 patients between January 2013 and December 2013. Three-dimensional computed tomography scans were performed preoperatively and at 3 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. The side-to-side difference of the 3-dimensional tibial position relative to the femur was compared at each time point. The side-to-side difference in anterior laxity was sequentially compared preoperatively, immediately after surgery, and at 6 months and 2 years postoperatively. Clinical outcomes at 2 years were likewise compared. RESULTS One patient in each group was excluded because of secondary ACL injury. At 3 weeks postoperatively, 2.5 ± 1.3 and 1.0 ± 1.3 mm of posterior tibial displacement and 3.8° ± 2.4° and 2.0° ± 1.7° of external rotation were observed in the 20- and 10-N initial tension groups, respectively, with significant differences (P = .006 and .033). At 6 months postoperatively, anterior displacement was 0.1/0.1 mm and external rotation was 0.8°/0.4° in both groups, without any significant differences. The 2-year clinical outcomes were satisfactory, including mean side-to-side difference in anterior knee laxity of 0.5 mm in both groups. CONCLUSION The tibiofemoral relationship 3 weeks after anatomic triple-bundle ACL reconstruction with 10 N of initial tension is less constrained than that with 20 N. Six-month tibiofemoral relationship and 2-year clinical outcomes are satisfactory in both groups. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, retrospective comparative trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tachibana
- Department of Sports Orthopaedics, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Mae
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Ken Nakata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Matsuo
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Konsei Shino
- Sports Orthopaedic Center, Osaka Yukioka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Xu MY, Zhang HR, Zhang L, Zhang H, Yang L, Liu J, Li J, Qiao RQ, Zhang JY, Hu YC. Peracetic Acid-Ethanol Processed Human Tendon Allograft: A Morphological, Biochemical, and Biomechanical Study In Vitro. Orthop Surg 2021:os.13030. [PMID: 34477308 DOI: 10.1111/os.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the morphological, biochemical, and biomechanical effects of peracetic acid-ethanol sterilization processing to human hamstring tendon allografts for different time periods. METHODS Thirty-two fresh-frozen human hamstring tendon allografts obtained from an allograft supplier were prepared and incubated in peracetic acid-ethanol solution (PES) containing 1% v/v peracetic acid and 24% v/v ethanol. Specimens were randomly classified into four groups according to the PES processing time (untreated as the control group, 30 min as the PES30 group, 120 min as the PES120 group, and 240 min as the PES240group). Light microscopy with hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue were performed, along with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to measure the collagen fibril diameters and their distributions, from which the collagen fibril index (CFI) and mass average diameter (MAD) were calculated. The thermal stability and collagen denaturation were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and collagen denaturation test by α-chymotrypsin. Cyclic loading and failure testing were applied on five tendons from each group, from which the cyclic creep strain, elastic modulus, maximum stress, maximum strain, and strain energy density were calculated. RESULTS Tendons in the control, PES30, PES120 groups showed similar regularly aligned collagen fibers in light microscopy images, while the images from the PES240 group revealed relatively disordered and heterogeneous collagen bundles with larger interfiber spaces. TEM analysis showed that the mean diameter (F = 3.09, P = 0.04) was lower in the PES120 group (87.15 ± 4.76 nm) than it was in the control group (99.39 ± 9.19 nm) but not statistically (P = 0.05). Moreover, the CFI value in the PES30 group (65.37 ± 4.14%) was the lowest among groups (all P ≤ 0.01), while no variance existed in density and MAD among groups (F = 2.09, P = 0.13, and F = 0.27, P = 0.85, respectively). The onset temperature (H = 8.74, P = 0.03) and peak temperature (H = 9.97, P = 0.02) were decreased in the PES30 group compared to the control group (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01, respectively), but there were no differences in enthalpy of denaturation among groups (F = 2.20, P = 0.17). The collagen denaturation test revealed lower hydroxyproline concentrations in PES-treated specimens with no statistical differences among groups (H = 8.86, P = 0.07). The maximum stress showed variance (F = 10.52, P < 0.01) that it was higher in PES30 group (68.29 ± 10.86 MPa) compared to the PES120 and the PES240 group, while it was lower in the PES120 group (19.40 ± 4.94 MPa) compared to the control and the PES30 group (all P < 0.05). The strain energy density (F = 7.34, P < 0.01) was over 4 times higher in the PES30 group (7.39 ± 2.51 MPa) than it was in the PES120 group (1.56 ± 0.64 MPa, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION PES treatment for 30 min has no adverse effect on the properties of human hamstring tendon allografts, longer processing time could not promise better properties preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-You Xu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao-Ran Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Wonderful Medical Biomaterial Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Yang
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jikai Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui-Qi Qiao
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Yu Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong-Cheng Hu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Uchida R, Shino K, Iuchi R, Tachibana Y, Yokoi H, Nakagawa S, Mae T. Anatomical Triple Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions With Hamstring Tendon Autografts: Tunnel Locations and 2-Year Clinical Outcomes. Arthroscopy 2021; 37:2891-2900. [PMID: 33887415 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To anatomically clarify the location of the tunnel apertures created using the bony landmark strategy and to elucidate clinical outcomes after anatomic triple-bundle (ATB) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. METHODS Thirty-two patients with unilateral ACL injury who had consented to undergo computed tomography (CT) at 3 weeks, as well as 2-year follow-up evaluation, were enrolled. At the time of surgery, remnant tissues were thoroughly cleared to create 2 femoral and 3 tibial tunnels inside the ACL attachment areas bordered by the bony landmarks. Two double-looped semitendinosus tendon autografts were prepared and fixed on the femur with two EndoButton-CLs and secured to the tibia with pullout sutures and plates with 10-20N of tension. The location of the tunnel aperture areas was assessed using 3-dimensional CT images, and 2-year postoperative clinical outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS The CT evaluation showed 100% of the femoral tunnel aperture area and at least 79% of the tibial tunnel aperture area were located inside the anatomic attachment areas. Thirty patients were available for clinical evaluation. The International Knee Documentation Committee subjective assessment showed all of the patients were classified as "normal" or "nearly normal." Lachman and pivot-shift tests were negative in 100% and 93%, respectively. The mean side-to-side difference of anterior laxity at the maximum manual force with a KT-1000 Knee Arthrometer was 0.7 ± 0.7 mm, ranging from 0 to 2 mm. CONCLUSION In ATB ACL reconstructions with hamstring tendon grafts, the tunnels can be created in proper locations using the arthroscopically-identifiable bony landmarks. Moreover, ATB ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon grafts via the proper tunnels result in consistently satisfactory clinical outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Uchida
- Department of Sports Orthopaedic Center, Yukioka Hospital, Osaka; Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Hyogo.
| | - Konsei Shino
- Department of Sports Orthopaedic Center, Yukioka Hospital, Osaka
| | - Ryo Iuchi
- Department of Sports Orthopaedic Center, Yukioka Hospital, Osaka
| | - Yuta Tachibana
- Department of Sports Orthopaedic Center, Yukioka Hospital, Osaka
| | - Hiroyuki Yokoi
- Department of Sports Orthopaedic Center, Yukioka Hospital, Osaka
| | - Shigeto Nakagawa
- Department of Sports Orthopaedic Center, Yukioka Hospital, Osaka
| | - Tatsuo Mae
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Xu M, Liu J, Sun J, Xu X, Hu Y, Liu B. Optical Microscopy and Electron Microscopy for the Morphological Evaluation of Tendons: A Mini Review. Orthop Surg 2020; 12:366-371. [PMID: 32096911 PMCID: PMC7189050 DOI: 10.1111/os.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphological characteristics of tendons have been thoroughly evaluated via microscopy. Optical microscopy and electron microscopy are the most commonly used techniques for tendon tissue observation. According to the principles of both microscopy types, preparation and evaluation methods vary. Simple optical microscopy is commonly used in the observation of cells and extracellular matrix, and many stains, including hematoxylin–eosin, Van Gieson, Prussian blue, Alcian blue, and toluidine blue, are used for evaluating cells, collagen fiber arrangement, and noncollagenous proteins. Histological scoring systems have been used in many studies for semi‐quantification. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are the most commonly used electron microscopy types, and special consideration is needed for the fixation and embedding protocols. Glutaraldehyde followed by osmium is most commonly used in the chemical fixation of tendon tissue, followed by epoxy resin embedment. Longitudinal sections captured in SEM images show the arrangement of collagen fibrils and the cells and lipid drops among them, while cross sections captured in TEM images show the diameter and distribution of collagen fibrils. SEM and TEM are used together for comprehensive evaluations. This mini review is focused on the preparation methodology and related evaluation indexes for the morphological evaluation of tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyou Xu
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation NMPA, Beijing, China
| | - Xinrong Xu
- Analytical and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongcheng Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation NMPA, Beijing, China
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Tachibana Y, Mae T, Shino K, Matsuo T, Sugamoto K, Yoshikawa H, Nakata K. Sequential analysis of three-dimensional tibiofemoral relationship through anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with gravity-assisted radiographic technique in prone position. ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE ARTHROSCOPY REHABILITATION AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 18:11-17. [PMID: 31641617 PMCID: PMC6796590 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmart.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background/objectives It is important to restore the tibiofemoral relationship as well as the anterior knee laxity for more successful anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, since a residual abnormality in the tibiofemoral relationship would lead an abnormal stress on the articular cartilages/menisci and consequently increase the risk of osteoarthritis in the future. This study aimed to sequentially clarify the three-dimensional tibiofemoral relationship before and after anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction under an anterior tibial load with a gravity-assisted radiographic technique in the prone position. Methods Fifteen patients with unilateral ACL injury participated in the study. Anatomic triple-bundle ACL reconstruction was performed using semitendinosus tendon autografts. During the computed tomography scans that were performed preoperatively, and those performed at 3 weeks and at 6 months postoperatively, the patients lay in the prone position with the knee flexed at 15°, wherein the calf weight could exert an anterior drawer force on the tibia due to gravity. Three-dimensional the tibial position relative to the femur were evaluated for each time point, followed by calculation of side-to-side differences in the parameters between the ACL-deficient/ACL-reconstructed knees and the contralateral intact knees. Seven healthy volunteers were enrolled in the control group and the side-to-side differences (right minus left) in these parameters were calculated. Results The tibia in the ACL-deficient knee was located anteriorly by 3.5 ± 1.1 mm and rotated internally by 2.4° ± 2.3°; these values were significantly larger than the corresponding values of −0.2 ± 1.5 mm and 0.1° ± 2.2° in the control group. However, at 3 weeks postoperatively, the tibia in the ACL-reconstructed knee was over-constrained as compared to that in the control group; it was located posteriorly by 2.5 ± 1.4 mm and rotated externally by 3.4° ± 3.4°. At 6 months postoperatively, no significant difference was observed in the tibial displacements/rotations between the patient and control groups. The side-to-side difference in the anterior knee laxity at the manual maximum anterior load was 0.1 ± 1.2 mm at 6 months postoperatively, with a significant improvement over the preoperative value of 7.4 ± 2.5 mm. Conclusions Anatomic ACL reconstruction could restore not only the normal anterior knee laxity, but also the normal tibiofemoral relationship even under an anterior tibial load. Tibiofemoral relationship was analyzed before and after anatomic ACL reconstruction. Tibial anterior shift and internal rotation was observed in ACL-injuried knees. Anatomic ACL reconstruction could restore the normal tibiofemoral relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tachibana
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita-city, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Mae
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita-city, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Konsei Shino
- Sports Orthopaedic Center, Osaka Yukioka Hospital, 2-2-3 Ukita, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 530-0021, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Matsuo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita-city, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Sugamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita-city, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita-city, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken Nakata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita-city, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Take Y, Shino K, Mae T, Tachibana Y, Iuchi R, Nakagawa S, Nakata K. Early Structural Results After Anatomic Triple Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Validated by Tunnel Location, Graft Orientation, and Static Anteroposterior Tibia-Femur Relationship. Arthroscopy 2018; 34:2656-2665. [PMID: 30078691 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate how closely the structural characteristics of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) grafts after anatomic triple bundle (ATB) reconstruction resembled those of the normal ACL. METHODS From 2012 to 2016, patients who underwent primary ATB ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon autografts and the same number of healthy control subjects were included. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) taken at 6 months postoperatively, ACL graft orientation was evaluated by the angles against the tibial plateau measured in the sagittal and oblique coronal planes at the anteromedial and posterolateral portions (ACL-tibial plateau angle [ATA]). For factors affecting the graft orientation, the static tibiofemoral relationship was evaluated by anteroposterior tibial translocation (APTT) in the identical MRI using a previously established method, and tunnel locations were evaluated using the quadrant method. To test equivalence, the widely used two one-sided test procedure was performed, with the equivalence margins of 5° and 3 mm for ATA and APTT, respectively. RESULTS Thirty-five patients were enrolled for each group. ATAs were not significantly different, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of these differences was within 5° (sagittal: P = .211 [95% CI, -2.9 to 0.6]; oblique coronal ATA for the anteromedial and posterolateral portions: P = .269 [95% CI, -1.9 to 0.5] and P = .456 [95% CI,-2.1 to 0.9], respectively). The difference in APTT was neither statistically nor clinically significant (P = .114; 95% CI, -2.0 to 0.2). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that ACL grafts using the ATB technique achieved a graft orientation equivalent to that of the normal ACL, with an equivalent postoperative anteroposterior tibiofemoral relationship in the static MRI. Thus, the ATB ACL reconstruction technique with the presented tunnel locations produced grafts that were similar to the native ACL in orientation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Take
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Medicine for Sports and Performing Arts, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Konsei Shino
- Sport Orthopaedic Center, Yukioka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Mae
- Department of Orthopaedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta Tachibana
- Sport Orthopaedic Center, Yukioka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Iuchi
- Sport Orthopaedic Center, Yukioka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Ken Nakata
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Medicine for Sports and Performing Arts, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Peeler J, Anderson J, Piotrowski S, Stranges G. Motion of the anterior cruciate ligament during internal and external rotation at the knee: A cadaveric study. Clin Anat 2017; 30:861-867. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.22896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Peeler
- Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Science; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
- Pan Am Clinic, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Pan Am Clinic; Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - J. Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - S. Piotrowski
- Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Science; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - G. Stranges
- Pan Am Clinic, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Pan Am Clinic; Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
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Otsubo H, Akatsuka Y, Takashima H, Suzuki T, Suzuki D, Kamiya T, Ikeda Y, Matsumura T, Yamashita T, Shino K. MRI depiction and 3D visualization of three anterior cruciate ligament bundles. Clin Anat 2016; 30:276-283. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.22810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Otsubo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - Y. Akatsuka
- Department of Radiology; Sapporo Medical University Hospital; Sapporo Japan
| | - H. Takashima
- Department of Radiology; Sapporo Medical University Hospital; Sapporo Japan
| | - T. Suzuki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - D. Suzuki
- Musculoskeletal Biomechanics and Surgical Development; Sapporo Medical University; Japan
| | - T. Kamiya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - Y. Ikeda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - T. Matsumura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - T. Yamashita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - K. Shino
- Sports Orthopaedic Center, Yukioka Hospital; Osaka Japan
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Rutenberg AD, Brown AI, Kreplak L. Uniform spatial distribution of collagen fibril radii within tendon implies local activation of pC-collagen at individual fibrils. Phys Biol 2016; 13:046008. [PMID: 27559989 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/13/4/046008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Collagen fibril cross-sectional radii show no systematic variation between the interior and the periphery of fibril bundles, indicating an effectively constant rate of collagen incorporation into fibrils throughout the bundle. Such spatially homogeneous incorporation constrains the extracellular diffusion of collagen precursors from sources at the bundle boundary to sinks at the growing fibrils. With a coarse-grained diffusion equation we determine stringent bounds, using parameters extracted from published experimental measurements of tendon development. From the lack of new fibril formation after birth, we further require that the concentration of diffusing precursors stays below the critical concentration for fibril nucleation. We find that the combination of the diffusive bound, which requires larger concentrations to ensure homogeneous fibril radii, and lack of nucleation, which requires lower concentrations, is only marginally consistent with fully processed collagen using conservative bounds. More realistic bounds may leave no consistent concentrations. Therefore, we propose that unprocessed pC-collagen diffuses from the bundle periphery followed by local C-proteinase activity and subsequent collagen incorporation at each fibril. We suggest that C-proteinase is localized within bundles, at fibril surfaces, during radial fibrillar growth. The much greater critical concentration of pC-collagen, as compared to fully processed collagen, then provides broad consistency between homogeneous fibril radii and the lack of fibril nucleation during fibril growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Rutenberg
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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