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Bogavac I, Jeličić L, Nenadović V, Subotić M, Janjić V. The speech and language profile of a child with Turner Syndrome- a case study. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2022; 36:565-578. [PMID: 34309455 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2021.1953610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects only females. It has specific cognitive characteristics, but speech and language data are scarce. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Prospective case report; we report a girl aged seven's cognitive and speech and language profile. RESULTS Cognitive assessment shows higher performance IQ (PIQ), and atypical cognitive profile for Turner syndrome. Speech and language assessment show a significant difference between receptive and expressive language levels. Although the girl did comprehend most of the language structure, there was a lack of it in spontaneous speech. She demonstrated inconsistency in the use of language morphology and complex linguistic structures, primarily because of significant inconsistency in her sound production. Although she produced the majority of phonemes correctly in isolation, her spontaneous speech production was incomprehensible. CONCLUSION Case studies of speech and language development may reveal a specific characteristic in the cases with Turner syndrome to delineate genetic factors from individual developmental variabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Bogavac
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute "Life Activities Advancement Center", Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Jeličić
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute "Life Activities Advancement Center", Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vanja Nenadović
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute "Life Activities Advancement Center", Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miško Subotić
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute "Life Activities Advancement Center", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Janjić
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medicine, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Pleș L, Cîrstoveanu C, Sima RM, Gorecki GP, Chicea R, Haj Hamoud B. Prenatal Diagnosis of Bovine Aortic Arch Anatomic Variant. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030624. [PMID: 35328177 PMCID: PMC8947431 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal aortic arch development is an early and complex process that depends on many genetic and environmental factors. The final aortic arch varies greatly; it may take the form of a normal arch, anatomic variant (AAAV) with a common origin to that of the innominate artery and left common carotid artery (formerly known as “bovine aortic arch” (with an incidence of up to 27%)) or one of multiple pathological conditions. The present study aimed to establish the feasibility and impact of prenatal anatomic arch variants’ diagnosis. A retrospective study of 271 fetal second- and third-trimester anomaly scans was performed in our tertiary center. Examinations that evaluated the sagittal aortic arch were included and the branching pattern was assessed. Additionally, a literature data search based on the terms “common origin of innominate artery and left common carotid artery”, “bovine arch”, “bovine aortic” and “aortic arch anomalies” was performed. Results that referred to prenatal AAAV were retained and the papers evaluated. In our study, the AAA incidence was 1.93%, with 4 out of 5 cases being arch type B. All cases had minor associated conditions but a good postnatal outcome. An anatomic aortic variant with a common IA and LCCa prenatal diagnosis was found in a small number of studies; most of the cases described in pediatric and adult series were related to cardiac surgery for stenting, aneurysm or thoracic-associated diseases. The incidence of AAAV varied from 6 to 27% depending on the population studied (highest incidence in African individuals). The variant was highly associated with aortic dissection, pulmonary and cerebral embolism and increased risks of incidents during surgery. Diagnosing AAAV during a routine anatomic scan is feasible and diagnoses can be made when anomaly scans are performed. Awareness of the condition is important for postnatal surgery when other cardiac anomalies are found; this can prevent accidents with simple changes to the patient’s lifestyle, and, in the case of surgery, means we can adopt the correct surgical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Pleș
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- The “Bucur” Maternity, ‘Saint John’ Hospital, 040294 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cătălin Cîrstoveanu
- Department of Pediatrics, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Pediatrics Department, ‘Maria Sklodowska Curie’ Emergency Children Clinical Hospital, 041451 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Romina-Marina Sima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- The “Bucur” Maternity, ‘Saint John’ Hospital, 040294 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.-M.S.); (G.-P.G.)
| | - Gabriel-Petre Gorecki
- The “Bucur” Maternity, ‘Saint John’ Hospital, 040294 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, ‘Titu Maiorescu’ University, 040441 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.-M.S.); (G.-P.G.)
| | - Radu Chicea
- Faculty of Medicine, ‘Lucian Blaga’ University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Bashar Haj Hamoud
- Department for Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrberger Straße 100, Building 9, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
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Kalashnikova LA, Danilova MS, Gubanova MV, Dreval MV, Dobrynina LA, Chechetkin AO. [Internal carotid artery dissection in patients with Turner's syndrome]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:58-65. [PMID: 34553583 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202112108258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cervical artery dissection (CeAD) due to arterial wall weakness (dysplasia) is one of the most common causes of ischemic stroke (IS) at a young age. A rare and little known cause of CeAD is Turner's syndrome (TS)-is an inherited disease caused by completely or partially missing X chromosome. In this paper, we describe 2 female patients, aged 27 and 33 years, with genetically confirmed TS (karyotype 45X0) and internal carotid artery dissection(ICAD).TS frequency among our 304 patients with CeAD was 0.07%. Both patients had short stature, received hormone replacement therapy from the age of 14 and had arterial hypertension. In addition, the first patient suffered from hypothyroidism, osteoporosis and survived a nephrectomy for hydronephrosis. ICAD in first patient manifested by IS. MRI of the neck arteries, MRA and CTA revealed intramural hematoma, hemodynamically significant stenosis, which regressed in 4 months. In the second patient, dissection was manifested by local symptoms (Horner's syndrome, cervicocephalic pain on the dissection side). MRA and CTA revealed a precranial dissected aneurysm of the left ICA (on the side of local symptoms), fusiform expansion of the right ICA, and pathological tortuosity of both ICA. The paper discusses the cause of vasculopathy in TS. It is assumed that connective tissue damage is associated with a deficiency of biglycan - extracellular matrix protein, which interacts with collagen and elastin to strengthen the arterial wall. Biglycan gene is linked to X-chromosome which is completely or partlially missing in TS resulting in a biglycan deficiency. The role of sex hormone deficiency as a cause of arterial wall weakness is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M V Dreval
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
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Posynick BJ, Brown CJ. Escape From X-Chromosome Inactivation: An Evolutionary Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:241. [PMID: 31696116 PMCID: PMC6817483 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex chromosomes originate as a pair of homologus autosomes that then follow a general pattern of divergence. This is evident in mammalian sex chromosomes, which have undergone stepwise recombination suppression events that left footprints of evolutionary strata on the X chromosome. The loss of genes on the Y chromosome led to Ohno’s hypothesis of dosage equivalence between XY males and XX females, which is achieved through X-chromosome inactivation (XCI). This process transcriptionally silences all but one X chromosome in each female cell, although 15–30% of human X-linked genes still escape inactivation. There are multiple evolutionary pathways that may lead to a gene escaping XCI, including remaining Y chromosome homology, or female advantage to escape. The conservation of some escape genes across multiple species and the ability of the mouse inactive X to recapitulate human escape status both suggest that escape from XCI is controlled by conserved processes. Evolutionary pressures to minimize dosage imbalances have led to the accumulation of genetic elements that favor either silencing or escape; lack of dosage sensitivity might also allow for the escape of flanking genes near another escapee, if a boundary element is not present between them. Delineation of the elements involved in escape is progressing, but mechanistic understanding of how they interact to allow escape from XCI is still lacking. Although increasingly well-studied in humans and mice, non-trivial challenges to studying escape have impeded progress in other species. Mouse models that can dissect the role of the sex chromosomes distinct from sex of the organism reveal an important contribution for escape genes to multiple diseases. In humans, with their elevated number of escape genes, the phenotypic consequences of sex chromosome aneuplodies and sexual dimorphism in disease both highlight the importance of escape genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn J Posynick
- Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular Epigenetics Group, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carolyn J Brown
- Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular Epigenetics Group, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Laskay NMB, Estevez-Ordonez D, Atchley TJ, Amburgy JW, Harrigan MR. Report of Spontaneous Internal Carotid Dissection in a Patient with Turner Syndrome with a Systematic Review of the Literature. World Neurosurg 2019; 128:340-346. [PMID: 31096034 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous isolated carotid artery (CA) or vertebral artery (VA) dissection in the absence of coarctation has rarely been reported in the literature. We report the case of a 20-year-old woman with Turner syndrome (TS) who developed an acute left middle cerebral artery territory ischemic stroke from a spontaneous left internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection. We also conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify prior studies establishing an association or other case reports of isolated CA or VA dissection in TS. We queried 5 databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Central, and CINAHL EBSCO. We used a standardized search clause across databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to articles retrieved. Studies were excluded based on title alone, abstract, or after vetting the data presented in the paper. CASE DESCRIPTION Three case reports of patients with TS presenting with spontaneous intracranial and/or extracranial dissection of the ICA or VA were identified and included in this review. CONCLUSIONS We present a case of bilateral spontaneous dissection of the ICA in a patient with TS. Only 3 reported cases of spontaneous extra- or intracranial dissection of the CA or VA were identified via a systematic review of the literature. Arterial dissection of the CA or VA, especially in absence of aortic coarctation, in individuals affected with TS suggest the possibility of systemic vasculopathy. More research is needed to establish a better understanding of the phenotypic effects of TS in macro- and microvascular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M B Laskay
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
| | - Dagoberto Estevez-Ordonez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Travis J Atchley
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John W Amburgy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mark R Harrigan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Donato B, Ferreira MJ. Cardiovascular risk in Turner syndrome. Rev Port Cardiol 2018; 37:607-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Cardiovascular risk in Turner syndrome. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
Kidney development is a complex process that begins during the sixth to eighth weeks of life. Failure of ascent of the kidney will cause the kidney to remain in the pelvis i.e., pelvic kidney. Here, we review this entity in detail and illustrate such embryological derailment. In most cases, a pelvic kidney is an incidental finding and is usually asymptomatic. Anatomic variations of the renal vasculature have been reported in cases of pelvic kidneys and these are highlighted in this review. Clinicians who treat patients for renal or pelvic disease or interpret images of the pelvis should be well informed of the anatomy and embryology of the pelvic kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seif Eid
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, GRD
| | | | - Marios Loukas
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, GRD
| | - Rod J Oskouian
- Neurosurgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, USA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Neurosurgery, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
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Ece B, Yiğit H, Ergün E, Koşar PN. Elongated transverse aortic arch in subjects without turner syndrome: A preliminary computed tomography study. Clin Anat 2018; 31:887-890. [PMID: 29770485 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the presence of an elongated transverse aortic arch (ETA), which has been reported to be specific for Turner syndrome, in a population without Turner syndrome. A set of 1,012 patients (713 men, 299 women) under 40 years old, who underwent thoracic CT examination in our radiology department between July 2016 and December 2016, were included in the study. CT scans were performed by 16-slice scanners. CT images were retrieved from the picture archiving and communication system and retrospectively re-assessed by two radiologists. Diagnostic criteria for ETA, which are late take-off of the left subclavian artery (LSA), convex kinking of the inferior aortic arch along the lesser curvature and flattening of the transverse aortic arch, were searched in each case. The mean age of the study population was 25.5 ± 10.0 years. Late take-off of the LSA was detected in 17 (1.7%) subjects (10 men, 7 women). In six of these, the other criteria for ETA were not met. However, in the other 11 (1.1% of the study population) cases, in addition to late take-off of the LSA, aortic morphology was compatible with ETA. The dimensions of the aortic root and the ascending and descending aorta were within normal limits in all 17 cases. Our results supported the presence of ETA in subjects without Turner syndrome with ∼1.1% frequency. This is the first preliminary report regarding the frequency of ETA in non-Turner subjects. Clin. Anat. 31:887-890, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ece
- Department of Radiology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Yiğit
- Department of Radiology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E Ergün
- Department of Radiology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - P N Koşar
- Department of Radiology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Chaloutsou K, Aggelidis P, Pampanos A, Theochari E, Michala L. Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: An Adolescent Series. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2017; 30:615-619. [PMID: 28502828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To study the presentation and causes of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) in adolescents. DESIGN Retrospective notes review. SETTING Tertiary referral outpatient clinic for pediatric and adolescent gynecology. PARTICIPANTS Adolescents with POI. INTERVENTIONS Standard POI evaluation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Age and clinical symptoms at presentation, causative factors for POI, if identified. RESULTS We identified 22 girls with POI, with a mean age of 15.6 years. Eight of them presented with delayed puberty, 3 with primary amenorrhea, and the remainder presented with either irregular bleeding (n = 9) or secondary amenorrhea (n = 2). For those who presented with delayed puberty, only 3 were found to have a sex chromosome abnormality. A clear cause for the POI was identified in 3 further cases. CONCLUSION Although POI in adolescents traditionally is associated with primary amenorrhea and delayed puberty, a proportion of girls will present with irregular bleeding that might be mistaken for expected menstrual disturbances of puberty, thus delaying the diagnosis. We identified a clear cause for POI in 6 cases. Although there were no familial cases of POI, it remains a possibility that genetic reasons might be involved in the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallirroi Chaloutsou
- Departement de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, 1, rue Porte Madeleine, 45000 Orléans, France
| | - Pantelis Aggelidis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Lina Michala
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Yiğit H, Ergün E. Elongation of transverse aortic arch; not specific for Turner Syndrome. Clin Anat 2016; 30:555-556. [PMID: 27935115 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Yiğit
- Associate Professor of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Ergün
- Associate Professor of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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