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Chen B, Hu H, Chen X. From Basic Science to Clinical Practice: The Role of Cancerous Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase 2A (CIP2A)/p90 in Cancer. Front Genet 2023; 14:1110656. [PMID: 36911405 PMCID: PMC9998691 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1110656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A), initially reported as a tumor-associated antigen (known as p90), is highly expressed in most solid and hematological tumors. The interaction of CIP2A/p90, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and c-Myc can hinder the function of PP2A toward c-Myc S62 induction, thus stabilizing c-Myc protein, which represents a potential role of CIP2A/p90 in tumorigeneses such as cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, as well as cancer drug resistance. The signaling pathways and regulation networks of CIP2A/p90 are complex and not yet fully understood. Many previous studies have also demonstrated that CIP2A/p90 can be used as a potential therapeutic cancer target. In addition, the autoantibody against CIP2A/p90 in sera may be used as a promising biomarker in the diagnosis of certain types of cancer. In this Review, we focus on recent advances relating to CIP2A/p90 and their implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huihui Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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The Pivotal Role of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in Brain Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415717. [PMID: 36555359 PMCID: PMC9779694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a highly complex heterotrimeric Ser/Thr phosphatase that regulates many cellular processes. PP2A is dysregulated in several human diseases, including oncological pathology; interestingly, PP2A appears to be essential for controlling cell growth and may be involved in cancer development. The role of PP2A as a tumor suppressor has been extensively studied and reviewed. To leverage the potential clinical utility of combination PP2A inhibition and radiotherapy treatment, it is vital that novel highly specific PP2A inhibitors be developed. In this review, the existing literature on the role of PP2A in brain tumors, especially in gliomas and glioblastoma (GBM), was analyzed. Interestingly, the review focused on the role of PP2A inhibitors, focusing on CIP2A inhibition, as CIP2A participated in tumor cell growth by stimulating cell-renewal survival, cellular proliferation, evasion of senescence and inhibition of apoptosis. This review suggested CIP2A inhibition as a promising strategy in oncology target therapy.
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Routila J, Suvila K, Grénman R, Leivo I, Westermarck J, Ventelä S. Cancer cell line microarray as a novel screening method for identification of radioresistance biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:868. [PMID: 34320941 PMCID: PMC8320194 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, no clinically useful biomarkers for radioresistance are available in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study assesses the usefulness of Cell Line Microarray (CMA) method to enhance immunohistochemical screening of potential immunohistochemical biomarkers for radioresistance in HNSCC cell lines. Methods Twenty-nine HNSCC cell lines were cultured, cell pellets formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, and arrayed. Radioresistance features of the cell lines were combined to immunohistochemical stains for p53, NDFIP1, EGFR, stem cell marker Oct4, and PP2A inhibitor CIP2A. Results Expression of p53, EGFR or CIP2A did not indicate intrinsic radioresistance in vitro. Stem cell marker Oct4 nuclear positivity and NDFIP1 nuclear positivity was correlated with increased intrinsic radioresistance. Conclusion The usefulness of CMA in analysis of HNSCC cell lines and discovery of biomarkers is demonstrated. CMA is very well adapted to both testing of antibodies in a large panel of cell lines as well as correlating staining results with other cell line characteristics. In addition, CMA-based antibody screening proved an efficient and relatively simple method to identify potential radioresistance biomarkers in HNSCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08618-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Routila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi university, Turku, Finland.,Department for Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland.,Department for Otorhinolaryngology, Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori, Finland
| | - Karri Suvila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi university, Turku, Finland
| | - Reidar Grénman
- Department for Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilmo Leivo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi university, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sami Ventelä
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi university, Turku, Finland. .,Department for Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland. .,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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2,5-Dimethyl Celecoxib Inhibits Proliferation and Cell Cycle and Induces Apoptosis in Glioblastoma by Suppressing CIP2A/PP2A/Akt Signaling Axis. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1703-1713. [PMID: 33400072 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
2,5-Dimethyl-celecoxib (DMC) is a close structural analog of the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib that lacks COX-2-inhibitory function. Thus, DMC is a promising drug for anti-tumor. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and the molecular basis of DMC in the treatment of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). DMC inhibited the growth and proliferation of GBM cell lines (LN229, A172, U251, and U87MG) in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.001). In GBM cells treated with DMC, detection by flow cytometry showed cell cycle arrest, and proteins involved in cell cycle such as P21 were increased. Compared with control group, Annexin-V/PI-staining in DMC-treatment group was increased, indicating that DMC could induce apoptosis in GBM cells. Also, associated proteins including cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP-1 were increased. It was further explored whether DMC blocked cell cycle and induced apoptosis in GBM cells through CIP2A/PP2A/AKT signaling pathway. After treatment of DMC, the phosphorylation of Akt was reduced while the total Akt level was not affected. DMC suppressed the expression of CIP2A in a time-dependent manner, while the CIP2A overexpression group reversed cell cycle and apoptotic protein expression led by DMC. Finally, in a xenograft model in nude mice using LN229 cells, DMC suppressed tumor growth. These findings proved that DMC could block cell cycle and induce apoptosis in GBM cells by suppressing CIP2A/PP2A/Akt signaling axis, which indicated that DMC could be an effective option for GBM treatment.
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Denk S, Schmidt S, Schurr Y, Schwarz G, Schote F, Diefenbacher M, Armendariz C, Dejure F, Eilers M, Wiegering A. CIP2A regulates MYC translation (via its 5'UTR) in colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2021; 36:911-918. [PMID: 33078202 PMCID: PMC8178152 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-020-03772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulated expression of MYC is a driver of colorectal carcinogenesis, suggesting that decreasing MYC expression may have significant therapeutic value. CIP2A is an oncogenic factor that regulates MYC expression. CIP2A is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), and its expression levels are an independent marker for long-term outcome of CRC. Previous studies suggested that CIP2A controls MYC protein expression on a post-transcriptional level. METHODS To determine the mechanism by which CIP2A regulates MYC in CRC, we dissected MYC translation and stability dependent on CIP2A in CRC cell lines. RESULTS Knockdown of CIP2A reduced MYC protein levels without influencing MYC stability in CRC cell lines. Interfering with proteasomal degradation of MYC by usage of FBXW7-deficient cells or treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 did not rescue the effect of CIP2A depletion on MYC protein levels. Whereas CIP2A knockdown had marginal influence on global protein synthesis, we could demonstrate that, by using different reporter constructs and cells expressing MYC mRNA with or without flanking UTR, CIP2A regulates MYC translation. This interaction is mainly conducted by the MYC 5'UTR. CONCLUSIONS Thus, instead of targeting MYC protein stability as reported for other tissue types before, CIP2A specifically regulates MYC mRNA translation in CRC but has only slight effects on global mRNA translation. In conclusion, we propose as novel mechanism that CIP2A regulates MYC on a translational level rather than affecting MYC protein stability in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Denk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - S. Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Y. Schurr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - G. Schwarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - F. Schote
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Diefenbacher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C. Armendariz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - F. Dejure
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Eilers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Armin Wiegering
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany ,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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He L, Chang H, Qi Y, Zhang B, Shao Q. ceRNA Networks: The Backbone Role in Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Resistance/Sensitivity of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211062313. [PMID: 34908512 PMCID: PMC8689620 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211062313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 40% of rectal cancers during initial diagnosis are identified as locally advanced rectal cancers (LARCs), for which the standardized treatment scenario is total mesorectal excision following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). nCRT can lead to discernible reductions in local relapse rate and distant metastasis rate in LARC patients, in whom previously inoperable tumors may potentially be surgically removed. However, only 4% to 20% cases can attain pathological complete response, and the remaining patients who are unresponsive to nCRT have to suffer from the side effects plus toxicities and may encounter poor survival outcomes due to the late surgical intervention. As such, employing potential biomarkers to differentiate responders from nonresponders before nCRT implementation appears to be the overarching goal. Well-defined competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks include long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks. As ceRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs sponge miRNAs to indirectly suppress miRNAs downstream of oncogenic mRNAs or tumor-suppressive mRNAs. The abnormal expression of mRNAs regulates the nCRT-induced DNA damage repair process through pluralistic carcinogenic signaling pathways, thereby bringing about alterations in the nCRT resistance/sensitivity of tumors. Moreover, many molecular mechanisms relevant to cell proliferation, metastasis, or apoptosis of cancers (eg, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and caspase-9-caspase-3 pathway) are influenced by ceRNA networks. Herein, we reviewed a large group of abnormally expressed mRNAs and noncoding RNAs that are associated with nCRT resistance/sensitivity in LARC patients and ultimately pinpointed the backbone role of ceRNA networks in the molecular mechanisms of nCRT resistance/sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuhong Qi
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qiuju Shao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Shayesteh SP, Alikhassi A, Farhan F, Gahletaki R, Soltanabadi M, Haddad P, Bitarafan-Rajabi A. Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy by MRI-Based Machine Learning Texture Analysis in Rectal Cancer Patients. J Gastrointest Cancer 2020; 51:601-609. [PMID: 31456114 PMCID: PMC7205769 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgical resection is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Radiomics can be used as noninvasive biomarker for prediction of response to therapy. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the association of MRI texture features of LARC with nCRT response and the effect of Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) filter and feature selection algorithm in prediction process improvement. METHODS All patients underwent MRI with a 3T clinical scanner, 1 week before nCRT. For each patient, intensity, shape, and texture-based features were derived from MRI images with LoG filter using the IBEX software and without preprocessing. We identified responder from a non-responder group using 9 machine learning classifiers. Then, the effect of preprocessing LoG filters with 0.5, 1 and 1.5 value on these classification algorithms' performance was investigated. Eventually, classification algorithm's results were compared in different feature selection methods. RESULT Sixty-seven patients with LARC were included in the study. Patients' nCRT responses included 11 patients with Grade 0, 19 with Grade 1, 26 with Grade 2, and 11 with Grade 3 according to AJCC/CAP pathologic grading. In MR Images which were not preprocessed, the best performance was for Ada boost classifier (AUC = 74.8) with T2W MR Images. In T1W MR Images, the best performance was for aba boost classifier (AUC = 78.1) with a σ = 1 preprocessing LoG filter. In T2W MR Images, the best performance was for naive Bayesian network classifier (AUC = 85.1) with a σ = 0.5 preprocessing LoG filter. Also, performance of machine learning models with CfsSubsetEval (CF SUB E) feature selection algorithm was better than others. CONCLUSION Machine learning can be used as a response predictor model in LARC patients, but its performance should be improved. A preprocessing LoG filter can improve the machine learning methods performance and at the end, the effect of feature selection algorithm on model's performance is clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad P. Shayesteh
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Alikhassi
- Department of Radiology, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Farhan
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Radiation Oncology Department, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Gahletaki
- Radiation Oncology Department, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masume Soltanabadi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Iran
| | - Peiman Haddad
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Radiation Oncology Department, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Bitarafan-Rajabi
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Echocardiography Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alzahrani R, Alrehaili AA, Gharib AF, Anjum F, Ismail KA, Elsawy WH. Cancerous Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase 2A as a Molecular Marker for Aggressiveness and Survival in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer Prev 2020; 25:21-26. [PMID: 32266176 PMCID: PMC7113414 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2020.25.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) has been identified as one of the most commonly altered proteins in human cancers. It blocks the tumor-suppressive action of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) complex and enhances malignancy. Thirty-five patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity underwent surgical resection of the tumor. CIP2A was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR in the resected tumor tissues and in their adjacent normal tissues. CIP2A was found to be overexpressed in all oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) specimens in comparison to their surrounding normal tissue. CIP2A overexpression was statistically correlated with poor prognostic feature of the tumor. Thus, a high expression level of CIP2A was associated with shorter survival. In conclusion, CIP2A is upregulated in OSCC, and its overexpression is correlated with aggressiveness of the tumor and poor outcome and survival. It may serve as a prognostic marker of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajab Alzahrani
- Department of Surgery, Medical College, Albaha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani A Alrehaili
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal F Gharib
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Farah Anjum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadiga A Ismail
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wael H Elsawy
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Lenting K, van den Heuvel CNAM, van Ewijk A, ElMelik D, de Boer R, Tindall E, Wei G, Kusters B, te Dorsthorst M, ter Laan M, Huynen MA, Leenders WP. Mapping actionable pathways and mutations in brain tumours using targeted RNA next generation sequencing. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:185. [PMID: 31747973 PMCID: PMC6865071 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Many biology-based precision drugs are available that neutralize aberrant molecular pathways in cancer. Molecular heterogeneity and the lack of reliable companion diagnostic biomarkers for many drugs makes targeted treatment of cancer inaccurate for many individuals. Identifying actionable hyperactive biological pathways in individual cancers may improve this situation. To achieve this we applied a novel targeted RNA next generation sequencing (t/RNA-NGS) technique to surgically obtained glioma tissues. The test combines mutation detection with analysis of biological pathway activities that are involved in tumour behavior in many cancer types (e.g. tyrosine kinase signaling, angiogenesis signaling, immune response, metabolism), via quantitative measurement of transcript levels and splice variants of hundreds of genes. We here present proof of concept that the technique, which uses molecular inversion probes, generates a histology-independent molecular diagnosis and identifies classifiers that are strongly associated with conventional histopathology diagnoses and even with patient prognosis. The test not only confirmed known glioma-associated molecular aberrations but also identified aberrant expression levels of actionable genes and mutations that have so far been considered not to be associated with glioma, opening up the possibility of drug repurposing for individual patients. Its cost-effectiveness makes t/RNA-NGS to an attractive instrument to aid oncologists in therapy decision making.
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Kim SH, Lee WH, Seong D, An JH, Je HU, Nam HY, Kim SY, Kim SW, Han MW. The role of CIP2A as a therapeutic target of rapamycin in radioresistant head and neck cancer with TP53 mutation. Head Neck 2019; 41:3362-3371. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Song Hee Kim
- Department of OtolaryngologyUlsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hyeok Lee
- Department of OtolaryngologyUlsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Daseul Seong
- Department of OtolaryngologyUlsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee An
- Department of OtolaryngologyUlsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Uk Je
- Department of Radiation OncologyUlsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Yun Nam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Kim
- Department of OtolaryngologyAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Who Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Woul Han
- Department of OtolaryngologyUlsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Republic of Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryLondon Health Sciences Center, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University London Ontario Canada
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Wang N, Zhou F, Guo J, Zhu H, Luo S, Cao J. Euxanthone suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in colorectal cancer via targeting CIP2A/PP2A pathway. Life Sci 2018; 209:498-506. [PMID: 30144452 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for over 600,000 deaths annually worldwide. Euxanthone is a flavonoid compound extracted from Polygala caudata, with documented anti-neoplastic actions. The current study aimed to determine the therapeutic potential of euxanthone in CRC. METHODS AND MATERIALS Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to analyze the effect of euxanthone on the cell viability, and apoptosis was detected by the TUNEL assay. The in vitro migratory capacity was determined by wound healing and the invasiveness was assessed by Transwell assay. Western blotting was used to determine the level of relevant proteins. Furthermore, a CRC xenograft murine model was used to analyze the therapeutic efficacy of euxanthone in vivo. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) was then performed to identify the potential targets of euxanthone. To validate the role of cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) in the anti-cancer effects of euxanthone, plasmid overexpressing CIP2A and shRNA targeting CIP2A were used in in vitro assays. KEY FINDINGS Euxanthone decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis in CRC cells, in addition to restraining migration, invasion and EMT. Similarly, euxanthone also effectively suppressed tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis in vivo. iTRAQ analysis identified CIP2A as the primary target responsible for the anticancer effects of euxanthone. The mediatory role of CIP2A was validated when the anticancer activity of euxanthone was significantly blocked by CIP2A overexpression, while CIP2A knockdown sensitized the CRC cells to euxanthone. SIGNIFICANCE Euxanthone exerts anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo in CRC by targeting CIP2A/PP2A signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Fang Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jinhui Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Huaiyuan Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Shanshui Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Liu CY, Hsu CC, Huang TT, Lee CH, Chen JL, Yang SH, Jiang JK, Chen WS, Lee KD, Teng HW. ER stress-related ATF6 upregulates CIP2A and contributes to poor prognosis of colon cancer. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1706-1717. [PMID: 30063110 PMCID: PMC6166000 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an adaptive response to various stress conditions and plays emerging roles in cancer. Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), one of the three major ER stress transducers, has been shown to contribute to chemoresistance by altering cancer cell survival. Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is an oncogene, and its expression has been correlated with the prognosis of patients with cancer. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between ER stress‐related ATF signaling and CIP2A. We found that CIP2A expression was positively correlated with ATF6 expression by analyzing publicly available RNA sequence data of patients with colorectal cancer (The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA). In addition, we demonstrated that tunicamycin‐induced ER stress in vitro upregulated ATF6 and CIP2A. Mechanistically, we found that ATF6 directly bound to the CIP2A promoter and induced CIP2A gene expression, which contributed to colon cancer cell survival. Furthermore, knockdown of CIP2A reduced the viability of cells under ER stress. Most importantly, immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray from a colon cancer patient cohort showed that higher expression levels of ATF6 and CIP2A were associated with a trend toward poor prognosis. Taken together, our results show that ER stress‐related ATF6 upregulates CIP2A and contributes to the prognosis of colon cancer. Targeting CIP2A may disrupt ER stress‐mediated colon cancer cell survival and thus improve the prognosis of patients with colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Liu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.,Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Hsu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.,Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Huang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.,Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Han Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Lin Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.,Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Haur Yang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Kai Jiang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shone Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Der Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wei Teng
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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