Association between preoperative serum insulin levels and lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer-a prospective cohort study

Antioxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Obesogenic, and Antidiabetic Properties of Tea Polyphenols-The Positive Impact of Regular Tea Consumption as an Element of Prophylaxis and Pharmacotherapy Support in Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer (EC) is second only to cervical carcinoma among the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumours of the female reproductive system. The available literature provides evidence for the involvement of 32 genes in the hereditary incidence of EC. The physiological markers of EC and coexisting diet-dependent maladies include antioxidative system disorders but also progressing inflammation; hence, the main forms of prophylaxis and pharmacotherapy ought to include a diet rich in substances aiding the organism’s response to this type of disorder, with a particular focus on ones suitable for lifelong consumption. Tea polyphenols satisfy those requirements due to their proven antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesogenic, and antidiabetic properties. Practitioners ought to consider promoting tea consumption among individuals genetically predisposed for EC, particularly given its low cost, accessibility, confirmed health benefits, and above all, suitability for long-term consumption regardless of the patient’s age. The aim of this paper is to analyse the potential usability of tea as an element of prophylaxis and pharmacotherapy support in EC patients. The analysis is based on information available from worldwide literature published in the last 15 years.

Therapeutic effect of metformin in the treatment of endometrial cancer

The present review aims at reviewing the role of metformin in the treatment of endometrial cancer (EC). According to the literature, excessive estrogen levels and insulin resistance are established risk factors of EC. As a traditional insulin sensitizer and newly discovered anticancer agent, metformin directly and indirectly inhibits the development of EC. The direct mechanisms of metformin include inhibition of the LKB1-AMP-activated protein kinase-mTOR, PI3K-Akt and insulin-like growth factor 1-related signaling pathways, which reduces the proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of EC cells. In the indirect mechanism, metformin increases the insulin sensitivity of body tissues and decreases circulating insulin levels. Decreased levels of insulin increase the blood levels of sex hormone binding globulin, which leads to reductions in circulating estrogen and androgens. The aforementioned findings suggest that metformin serves an important role in the treatment of EC. Increased understanding of the mechanism of metformin in EC may provide novel insights into the treatment of this malignancy.

Investigation of IGF1, IGF2BP2, and IGFBP3 variants with lymph node status and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma risk

Esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EGJA) may be associated with obesity and overweight. Thus, any variant in energy metabolism–related gene may influence the development of EGJA. In this study, we recruited 720 EGJA cases and 1541 noncancer controls. We selected IGF2BP2 rs4402960 G > T, rs1470579 A > C, IGF1 rs5742612 A > G and IGFBP3 rs3110697 G > A, rs2270628 C > T and rs6953668 G > A loci and assessed the relationship of these polymorphisms with lymph node status and susceptibility of EGJA. We found that IGF2BP2 rs1470579 A > C and IGFBP3 rs6953668 G > A polymorphisms were associated with the decreased risk of EGJA ( IGF2BP2 rs1470579: CC vs AA: adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.43‐0.98, P = 0.041 and CC vs AA/AC: adjusted OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.41‐0.93, P = 0.021 and IGFBP3 rs6953668: GA vs GG: adjusted OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.47‐0.93, P = 0.019 and GA/AA vs GG: adjusted OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.48‐0.95, P = 0.026). However, we also found that IGF1 rs5742612 A > G polymorphism increased the risk of LNM among patients with EGJA (GG vs AA: adjusted OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.02‐3.46, P = 0.042 and GG vs AA/AG: adjusted OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.06‐3.47, P = 0.032). This study suggests that IGF2BP2 rs1470579 A > C and IGFBP3 rs6953668 G > A polymorphisms may decrease genetic susceptibility to EGJA in eastern Chinese Han population. In addition, our findings also indicate that IGF1 rs5742612 A > G polymorphism may increase the susceptibility of LNM among patients with EGJA.