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Xu YP, Fu JC, Hong ZL, Zeng DF, Guo CQ, Li P, Wu JX. Psychological stressors involved in the pathogenesis of premature ovarian insufficiency and potential intervention measures. Gynecol Endocrinol 2024; 40:2360085. [PMID: 38813955 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2024.2360085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a common gynecological endocrine disease, which seriously affects women's physical and mental health and fertility, and its incidence is increasing year by year. With the development of social economy and technology, psychological stressors such as anxiety and depression caused by social, life and environmental factors may be one of the risk factors for POI. We used PubMed to search peer-reviewed original English manuscripts published over the last 10 years to identify established and experimental studies on the relationship between various types of stress and decreased ovarian function. Oxidative stress, follicular atresia, and excessive activation of oocytes, caused by Stress-associated factors may be the main causes of ovarian function damage. This article reviews the relationship between psychological stressors and hypoovarian function and the possible early intervention measures in order to provide new ideas for future clinical treatment and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Pei Xu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Chun Fu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Hong
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - De-Fei Zeng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chao-Qin Guo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jin-Xiang Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
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2
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Ahmed TA, Ahmed SM, Elkhenany H, El-Desouky MA, Magdeldin S, Osama A, Anwar AM, Mohamed IK, Abdelgawad ME, Hanna DH, El-Badri N. The cross talk between type II diabetic microenvironment and the regenerative capacities of human adipose tissue-derived pericytes: a promising cell therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:36. [PMID: 38331889 PMCID: PMC10854071 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pericytes (PCs) are multipotent contractile cells that wrap around the endothelial cells (ECs) to maintain the blood vessel's functionality and integrity. The hyperglycemia associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was shown to impair the function of PCs and increase the risk of diabetes complications. In this study, we aimed to investigate the deleterious effect of the diabetic microenvironment on the regenerative capacities of human PCs. METHODS PCs isolated from human adipose tissue were cultured in the presence or absence of serum collected from diabetic patients. The functionality of PCs was analyzed after 6, 14, and 30 days. RESULTS Microscopic examination of PCs cultured in DS (DS-PCs) showed increased aggregate formation and altered surface topography with hyperbolic invaginations. Compared to PCs cultured in normal serum (NS-PCs), DS-PCs showed more fragmented mitochondria and thicker nuclear membrane. DS caused impaired angiogenic differentiation of PCs as confirmed by tube formation, decreased VEGF-A and IGF-1 gene expression, upregulated TSP1, PF4, actin-related protein 2/3 complex, and downregulated COL21A1 protein expression. These cells suffered more pronounced apoptosis and showed higher expression of Clic4, apoptosis facilitator BCl-2-like protein, serine/threonine protein phosphatase, and caspase-7 proteins. DS-PCs showed dysregulated DNA repair genes CDKN1A, SIRT1, XRCC5 TERF2, and upregulation of the pro-inflammatory genes ICAM1, IL-6, and TNF-α. Further, DS-treated cells also showed disruption in the expression of the focal adhesion and binding proteins TSP1, TGF-β, fibronectin, and PCDH7. Interestingly, DS-PCs showed resistance mechanisms upon exposure to diabetic microenvironment by maintaining the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and upregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) organizing proteins as vinculin, IQGAP1, and tubulin beta chain. CONCLUSION These data showed that the diabetic microenvironment exert a deleterious effect on the regenerative capacities of human adipose tissue-derived PCs, and may thus have possible implications on the vascular complications of T2DM. Nevertheless, PCs have shown remarkable protective mechanisms when initially exposed to DS and thus they could provide a promising cellular therapy for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toka A Ahmed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12582, Egypt
- Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara M Ahmed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12582, Egypt
| | - Hoda Elkhenany
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22785, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Desouky
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Sameh Magdeldin
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, 57357, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Aya Osama
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, 57357, Egypt
| | - Ali Mostafa Anwar
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, 57357, Egypt
| | - Ihab K Mohamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Essameldin Abdelgawad
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Innovative Cellular Microenvironment Optimization Platform (ICMOP), Precision Therapy Unit, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- The Egyptian Network of Bioinformatics "BioNetMasr", Cairo, Egypt
| | - Demiana H Hanna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12582, Egypt.
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3
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Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S, Najafi S, Kallenbach J, Keramatfar E, Atri Roozbahani G, Heidari Horestani M, Hussen BM, Baniahmad A. Hormonal regulation of telomerase activity and hTERT expression in steroid-regulated tissues and cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:258. [PMID: 35974340 PMCID: PMC9380309 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally, in somatic cells chromosome ends (telomeres) shorten during each cell division. This process ensures to limit proliferation of somatic cells to avoid malignant proliferation; however, it leads to proliferative senescence. Telomerase contains the reverse transcriptase TERT, which together with the TERC component, is responsible for protection of genome integrity by preventing shortening of telomeres through adding repetitive sequences. In addition, telomerase has non-telomeric function and supports growth factor independent growth. Unlike somatic cells, telomerase is detectable in stem cells, germ line cells, and cancer cells to support self-renewal and expansion. Elevated telomerase activity is reported in almost all of human cancers. Increased expression of hTERT gene or its reactivation is required for limitless cellular proliferation in immortal malignant cells. In hormonally regulated tissues as well as in prostate, breast and endometrial cancers, telomerase activity and hTERT expression are under control of steroid sex hormones and growth factors. Also, a number of hormones and growth factors are known to play a role in the carcinogenesis via regulation of hTERT levels or telomerase activity. Understanding the role of hormones in interaction with telomerase may help finding therapeutical targets for anticancer strategies. In this review, we outline the roles and functions of several steroid hormones and growth factors in telomerase regulation, particularly in hormone regulated cancers such as prostate, breast and endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07740, Jena, Germany
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Julia Kallenbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07740, Jena, Germany
| | - Elmira Keramatfar
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07740, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq.,Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07740, Jena, Germany.
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4
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Ravi S, Alencar AM, Arakelyan J, Xu W, Stauber R, Wang CCI, Papyan R, Ghazaryan N, Pereira RM. An Update to Hallmarks of Cancer. Cureus 2022; 14:e24803. [PMID: 35686268 PMCID: PMC9169686 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been remarkable progress in research toward understanding and refining the hallmarks of cancer. In this review, we propose a new hallmark - "pro-survival autophagy." The importance of pro-survival autophagy is well established in tumorigenesis, as it is related to multiple steps in cancer progression and vital for some cancers. Autophagy is a potential anti-cancer therapeutic target. For this reason, autophagy is a good candidate as a new hallmark of cancer. We describe two enabling characteristics that play a major role in enabling cells to acquire the hallmarks of cancer - "tumor-promoting microenvironment and macroenvironment" and "cancer epigenetics, genome instability and mutation." We also discuss the recent updates, therapeutic and prognostic implications of the eight hallmarks of cancer described by Hanahan et al. in 2011. Understanding these hallmarks and enabling characteristics is key not only to developing new ways to treat cancer efficiently but also to exploring options to overcome cancer resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Ravi
- Department of Medicine, St. Luke's Hospital, Duluth, USA
| | - Antonio M Alencar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Hospital São Domingos, São Luís, BRA
| | - Jemma Arakelyan
- Department of Oncology/Solid Tumors, Yerevan State Medical University, Hematology Center After Prof. R. Yeolyan, Yerevan, ARM
| | - Weihao Xu
- Department of Business Development, Harbour BioMed, Boston, USA
| | - Roberta Stauber
- Department of Oncology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BRA
| | - Cheng-Chi I Wang
- Department of Research and Development, Beltie Bio, Inc, San Diego, USA
| | - Ruzanna Papyan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Yerevan State Medical University, Pediatric Center and Blood Disorders Center of Armenia, Yerevan, ARM
| | - Narine Ghazaryan
- Department of Molecular Biology, L.A. Orbeli Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences, Republic of Armenia (NAS RA) Hematology Center After Prof. R. Yeolyan, Yerevan, ARM
| | - Rosalina M Pereira
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
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5
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Vertecchi E, Rizzo A, Salvati E. Telomere Targeting Approaches in Cancer: Beyond Length Maintenance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073784. [PMID: 35409143 PMCID: PMC8998427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are crucial structures that preserve genome stability. Their progressive erosion over numerous DNA duplications determines the senescence of cells and organisms. As telomere length homeostasis is critical for cancer development, nowadays, telomere maintenance mechanisms are established targets in cancer treatment. Besides telomere elongation, telomere dysfunction impinges on intracellular signaling pathways, in particular DNA damage signaling and repair, affecting cancer cell survival and proliferation. This review summarizes and discusses recent findings in anticancer drug development targeting different “telosome” components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Vertecchi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Angela Rizzo
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Erica Salvati
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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6
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Lin J, Epel E. Stress and telomere shortening: Insights from cellular mechanisms. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 73:101507. [PMID: 34736994 PMCID: PMC8920518 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Short telomeres confer risk of degenerative diseases. Chronic psychological stress can lead to disease through many pathways, and research from in vitro studies to human longitudinal studies has pointed to stress-induced telomere damage as an important pathway. However, there has not been a comprehensive model to describe how changes in stress physiology and neuroendocrine pathways can lead to changes in telomere biology. Critically short telomeres or the collapse of the telomere structure caused by displacement of telomere binding protein complex shelterin elicit a DNA damage response and lead to senescence or apoptosis. In this narrative review, we summarize the key roles glucocorticoids, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria, and inflammation play in mediating the relationship between psychological stress and telomere maintenance. We emphasis that these mediators are interconnected and reinforce each other in positive feedback loops. Telomere length has not been studied across the lifespan yet, but the initial setting point at birth appears to be the most influential point, as it sets the lifetime trajectory, and is influenced by stress. We describe two types of intergenerational stress effects on telomeres - prenatal stress effects on telomeres during fetal development, and 'telotype transmission" -the directly inherited transmission of short telomeres from parental germline. It is clear that the initial simplistic view of telomere length as a mitotic clock has evolved into a far more complex picture of both transgenerational telomere influences, and of interconnected molecular and cellular pathways and networks, as hallmarks of aging where telomere maintenance is a key player interacting with mitochondria. Further mechanistic investigations testing this comprehensive model of stress mediators shaping telomere biology and the telomere-mitochondrial nexus will lead to better understanding from cell to human lifespan aging, and could lead to anti-aging interventions.
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7
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A Novel Tissue and Stem Cell Specific TERF1 Splice Variant Is Downregulated in Tumour Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010085. [PMID: 31877678 PMCID: PMC6981981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe the identification of a novel splice variant of TERF1/PIN2, one of the main components of the telomeric shelterin complex. This new splice variant is identical to TERF1, apart from a 30 amino acid internal insertion near to the C-terminus of TERF1. Based on genome comparison analyses and RNA expression data, we show that this splice variant is conserved among hominidae but absent from all other species. RNA expression and histological analyses show specific expression in human spermatogonial and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), while all other analyzed tissues lack the expression of this TERF1-isoform, hence the name TERF1-tsi (TERF1-tissue-specific-isoform). In addition, we could not detect any expression in primary human cells and established cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemistry results involving two new rabbit polyclonal antibodies, generated against TERF1-tsi specific peptides, indicate nuclear localization of TERF1-tsi in a subset of spermatogonial stem cells. In line with this observation, immunofluorescence analyzes in various cell lines consistently revealed that ectopic TERF1-tsi localizes to the cell nucleus, mainly but not exclusively at telomeres. In a first attempt to evaluate the impact of TERF1-tsi in the testis, we have tested its expression in normal testis samples versus matched tumor samples from the same patients. Both RT-PCR and IHC show a specific downregulation of TERF1-tsi in tumor samples while the expression of TERF1 and PIN2 remains unchanged.
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8
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Okamoto K, Seimiya H. Revisiting Telomere Shortening in Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020107. [PMID: 30709063 PMCID: PMC6406355 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres, the protective structures of chromosome ends are gradually shortened by each cell division, eventually leading to senescence or apoptosis. Cancer cells maintain the telomere length for unlimited growth by telomerase reactivation or a recombination-based mechanism. Recent genome-wide analyses have unveiled genetic and epigenetic alterations of the telomere maintenance machinery in cancer. While telomerase inhibition reveals that longer telomeres are more advantageous for cell survival, cancer cells often have paradoxically shorter telomeres compared with those found in the normal tissues. In this review, we summarize the latest knowledge about telomere length alterations in cancer and revisit its rationality. Finally, we discuss the potential utility of telomere length as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Okamoto
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Seimiya
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
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9
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Zeng L, Wang YL, Wang F, Cui SQ, Hu L, Huang DN, Hou G. Construction of the POT1 promoter report gene vector, and the effect and underlying mechanism of the POT1 promoter in regulating telomerase and telomere length. Oncol Lett 2018; 14:7232-7240. [PMID: 29344158 PMCID: PMC5754914 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
By using human genomic DNA as a template to clone protection of telomere 1 (POT1) promoter gene segments and construct the POT1 promoter luciferase report gene vector (pGL3-Control-POT1-promoter), the association between POT1, and the regulation of telomerase and telomere length was investigated. In the present study, two recombinant luciferase report gene vectors were constructed, which included different regions of the POT1 promoter. The plasmids were transformed into DH5α and the positive clones were obtained. The two plasmids termed as pGL3-Control-POT1-promoter-1 and pGL3-Control-POT1-promoter-2, were confirmed using restriction enzyme analysis and sequencing. They were separately and transiently transfected into four types of human tumor cells (A549, H460, HepG2 and HeLa). The transcriptional activities of the POT1 promoter were verified using the dual-luciferase assay. The relative expression of POT1 and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), and telomere length were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the four types of non-transfected tumor cells. Using SPSS software, correlations between POT1 promoter activity, and POT1 expression, hTERT expression and telomere length were analyzed. Two POT1 promoter fragments (POT1-promoter-1 and -2) were successfully constructed into the pGL3-Control luciferase report gene vector. POT1-promoter-1 exhibited significantly stronger transcription activity compared with POT1-promoter-2. The results of the partial correlation and linear regression analyses were similar: POT1 promoter activity was identified to be significantly and positively correlated with POT1 expression and telomere length (partial correlation coefficients, both P<0.05; linear regression, both P<0.01). However, POT1 promoter activity and hTERT expression were significantly negatively correlated (both P<0.05). The results obtained in the present study suggest that the POT1 promoter influences telomere length. Furthermore, these data indicated that POT1 promoter activity and POT1, as well as telomere length, may be a useful biomarker for tumor detection and future patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zeng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Li Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Fa Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Quan Cui
- Department of Basic Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Di-Nan Huang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Gan Hou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
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10
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Kumar R, Khan R, Gupta N, Seth T, Sharma A, Kalaivani M, Sharma A. Identifying the biomarker potential of telomerase activity and shelterin complex molecule, telomeric repeat binding factor 2 (TERF2), in multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:1677-1689. [PMID: 29043869 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1387915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) is maintained by telomere capping protein complex called shelterin complex. We studied the possible involvement and biomarker potential of shelterin complex molecules in naive multiple myeloma (MM) patients and controls. TL, relative telomerase activity (RTA), real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed in bonemarrow sample of 70 study subjects (patients = 50; controls = 20). Significantly lowered mean TL, increased RTA and higher mRNA expression of shelterin molecules were observed in patients, while PIN2/TERF1 interacting telomerase inhibitor 1 (PINX1) showed lower mRNA expression. Significantly increased protein expression of telomeric repeat binding factor 2 (TERF2), protection of telomeres 1, adrenocortical dysplasia homolog, Tankyrase 1 and telomere reverse transcriptase were observed in MM patients. Significant correlation was observed among genes and of genes with clinical parameters. In conclusion, our findings showed alteration of these molecules at mRNA and protein levels suggested their involvement in disease progression. Optimal sensitivity and specificity of TERF2 and RTA on receiver operating characteristics curve analysis and univariate analysis demonstrated their biomarkers potential in better prediction of disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Kumar
- a Department of Biochemistry , All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) , New Delhi , India
| | - Rehan Khan
- a Department of Biochemistry , All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) , New Delhi , India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- a Department of Biochemistry , All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) , New Delhi , India
| | - Tulika Seth
- b Department of Hematology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) , New Delhi , India
| | - Atul Sharma
- c Department of Medical Oncology , BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) , New Delhi , India
| | - Mani Kalaivani
- d Department of Biostatistics , All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) , New Delhi , India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- a Department of Biochemistry , All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) , New Delhi , India
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11
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Uziel O, Yerushalmi R, Zuriano L, Naser S, Beery E, Nordenberg J, Lubin I, Adel Y, Shepshelovich D, Yavin H, Aharon IB, Pery S, Rizel S, Pasmanik-Chor M, Frumkin D, Lahav M. BRCA1/2 mutations perturb telomere biology: characterization of structural and functional abnormalities in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2433-54. [PMID: 26515461 PMCID: PMC4823046 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 mutation is associated with carcinogenesis, especially of breast tissue. Telomere maintenance is crucial for malignant transformation. Being a part of the DNA repair machinery, BRCA1 may be implicated in telomere biology. We explored the role of BRCA1 in telomere maintenance in lymphocytes of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and in in vitro system by knocking down its expression in non-malignant breast epithelial cells.The results in both systems were similar. BRCA1/2 mutation caused perturbation of telomere homeostasis, shortening of the single stranded telomere overhang and increased the intercellular telomere length variability as well as the number of telomere free chromosomal ends and telomeric circles. These changes resulted in an increased DNA damage status. Telomerase activity, inducibility and expression remained unchanged. BRCA1 mutation resulted also in changes in the binding of shelterin proteins to telomeres. DNMT-1 levels were markedly reduced both in the carriers and in in vitro system. The methylation pattern of the sub-telomeric regions in carriers suggested hypomethylation in chromosome 10. The expression of a distinct set of genes was also changed, some of which may relate to pre-disposition to malignancy.These results show that BRCA gene products have a role in telomere length homeostasis. It is plausible that these perturbations contribute to malignant transformation in BRCA mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Uziel
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rinat Yerushalmi
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lital Zuriano
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shaden Naser
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Einat Beery
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Jardena Nordenberg
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ido Lubin
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yonatan Adel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Internal Medicine A, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Daniel Shepshelovich
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Internal Medicine A, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Hagai Yavin
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Internal Medicine A, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Irit Ben Aharon
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomit Pery
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shulamit Rizel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Metsada Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Meir Lahav
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
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Motevalli A, Yasaei H, Virmouni SA, Mirabdulhagh M, Slijepcevic P, Roberts T. Telomere Elongation in the Breast Cancer Cell Line 21NT after Treatment with an Epigenetic Modifying Drug. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2016.710072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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The effect of chemotherapeutic agents on telomere length maintenance in breast cancer cell lines. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 145:581-91. [PMID: 24807106 PMCID: PMC4031391 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-2975-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian telomeric DNA consists of tandem repeats of the sequence TTAGGG associated with a specialized set of proteins, known collectively as Shelterin. These telosomal proteins protect the ends of chromosomes against end-to-end fusion and degradation. Short telomeres in breast cancer cells confer telomere dysfunction and this can be related to Shelterin proteins and their level of expression in breast cancer cell lines. This study investigates whether expression of Shelterin and Shelterin-associated proteins are altered, and influence the protection and maintenance of telomeres, in breast cancer cells. 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) and trichostatin A (TSA) were used in an attempt to reactivate the expression of silenced genes. Our studies have shown that Shelterin and Shelterin-associated genes were down-regulated in breast cancer cell lines; this may be due to epigenetic modification of DNA as the promoter region of POT1 was found to be partially methylated. Shelterin genes expression was up-regulated upon treatment of 21NT breast cancer cells with 5-aza-CdR and TSA. The telomere length of treated 21NT cells was measured by q-PCR showed an increase in telomere length at different time points. Our studies have shown that down-regulation of Shelterin genes is partially due to methylation in some epithelial breast cancer cell lines. Removal of epigenetic silencing results in up-regulation of Shelterin and Shelterin-associated genes which can then lead to telomere length elongation and stability.
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