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Williams LA, Barragan S, Lu Z, Weigel BJ, Spector LG. Sex differences in osteosarcoma survival across the age spectrum: A National Cancer Database analysis (2004-2016). Cancer Epidemiol 2024:102565. [PMID: 38575425 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2024.102565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma displays a bimodal peak in incidence in adolescence and later adulthood. Males are more frequently diagnosed with osteosarcoma in both periods. Males have worse survival than females, which is generally poor at 30-70% 5-years post diagnosis, depending on age, but treatment received is often unaccounted for in survival analyses. METHODS Therefore, we estimated sex differences in survival for children and adults stratifying by treatment received and other disease characteristics using the National Cancer Database (2004-2016, n=9017). We estimated sex differences in long-term survival using Kaplan Meier survival curves and Log-Rank p-values. We also estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as the measure of association between sex and death using Cox regression. RESULTS In all age groups, cases were predominantly male (52-58%). In Kaplan-Meier analyses, males had worse overall survival than females for 0-19, 20-39, and ≥60-year-olds (Log-Rank p<0.05). Females had higher 5- and 10-year survival percentages in all age groups. In adjusted Cox models, males had a higher risk of death among 0-19-year-olds (HRoverall: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06-1.44; HRnon-metastatic disease: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.63, HRlower limb tumors: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.09-1.59). Among 20-39-year-olds, males had an increased risk of death when receiving surgery only (HR: 4.67, 95% CI: 1.44, 15.09). Among those ≥60-year-olds, males had a suggestive increased risk of death overall (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.99-1.39) and a higher risk of death based on some tumor locations, (HRupper limb: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.24, 5.11; HRmidline: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.82). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the worse survival among young males compared to females with osteosarcoma persisted after accounting for many major disease characteristics, including treatment received. Collectively, our work points toward other unexplored mechanisms beyond treatment, potentially biologic or otherwise, which may be driving the observed sex differences in long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Williams
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Sofia Barragan
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zhanni Lu
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brenda J Weigel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Logan G Spector
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Uribe-Querol E, Romero-Romero L, Govezensky T, Rosales C. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and principal component analysis offer prognostic advantage for dogs with mammary tumors. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1187271. [PMID: 37396996 PMCID: PMC10312309 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1187271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In veterinary medicine, cancer is the leading cause of death in companion animals, and mammary gland tumors represent the most common neoplasm in female dogs. Several epidemiological risk factors, such as age, breed, hormones, diet, and obesity have been reported to be relevant for canine mammary tumors. Nowadays, the gold standard for diagnosis of canine mammary tumors is the pathological examination of the suspected tissue. However, tumor grade can only be assessed after surgical removal or biopsy of the altered tissue. Therefore, in cases of tumors that could be surgically removed, it would be very helpful to be able to predict the biological behavior of the tumor, before performing any surgery. Since, inflammation constitutes part of the tumor microenvironment and it influences each step of tumorigenesis, cellular and biochemical blood markers of systemic inflammation, such as the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the albumin to globulin ratio (AGR) have been proposed as prognostic factors for human cancer development. The NLR and the AGR have not been explored enough as prognostic factors for cancer development in veterinary medicine. Methods To determine the prognostic value of NLR in canine mammary tumors, clinical records including biochemistry and hematological studies of female dogs with mammary tumors and of control healthy dogs, were used to determine the pre-treatment NLR and AGR. Other clinical data included age, breed, tumor size, histological tumor grade, and survival time after surgery. Results and discussion It was found that a higher pre-treatment NLR value (NLR > 5) associates with less survival rate. In contrast, the AGR did not show any predictive value on the malignancy of the tumor. However, by combining the NLR with AGR, age of the dog, and tumor size in a principal component analysis (PCA), the grade of the tumor and survival after surgery could be appropriately predicted. These data strongly suggest that pre-treatment NLR values have a prognostic value for the survival rate after surgery of dogs with mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Uribe-Querol
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Romero-Romero
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tzipe Govezensky
- Apoyo de estadística, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Sapino S, Chindamo G, Chirio D, Morel S, Peira E, Vercelli C, Gallarate M. Nanocarriers in Veterinary Medicine: A Challenge for Improving Osteosarcoma Conventional Treatments. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4501. [PMID: 36558354 PMCID: PMC9785518 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, several nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems, such as polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, liposomes, and others, have been explored to target and treat a wide variety of diseases. Their employment has brought many benefits, not only to human medicine but also to veterinary medicine, albeit at a slower rate. Soon, the use of nanocarriers could revolutionize the animal health sector, and many veterinary therapies will be more effective as a result. The purpose of this review is to offer an overview of the main applications of nanocarriers in the veterinary field, from supplements for animal health and reproduction to nanovaccines and nanotherapies. Among the major pathologies that can affect animals, special attention is given to canine osteosarcoma (OSA): a comparison with human OSA is provided and the main treatment options are reviewed emphasizing the benefits that nanocarriers could bring in the treatment of this widespread disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sapino
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Chindamo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Chirio
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Morel
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Peira
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Cristina Vercelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Marina Gallarate
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
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4
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Tan G, Xu J, Yu Q, Yang Z, Zhang H. The safety and efficiency of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of osteosarcoma: A systematic review of in vitro experiment and animal model reports. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103093. [PMID: 36031143 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive malignant bone tumour with high mortality. A poor prognosis is noted in patients with distal metastases or multidrug resistance. As an emerging antitumor strategy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by visible and near infrared light has attracted intensive attention given its target selectivity, remote controllability, minimal or non-invasive features. However, PDT also has obvious limitations. Specifically, due to the limited penetration of light, it is mainly used in the clinical treatment of superficial malignant tumours, such as musculoskeletal sarcomas and melanoma, but it has not been applied to the clinical treatment of deep malignant bone tumours except for a very small number of experiments on deep canine OS models. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched for studies that focused on the effectiveness and safety of PDT for OS based on in vitro experiments and animal models in the last decade. A systematic search was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Library. INCLUSION CRITERIA (1) original research articles about PDT for OS; (2) articles in English; (3) in vitro or animal model research; and (4) detailed information, including cell name, fluence, irradiation wavelength, time of incubation with PS, duration between PS treatment and irradiation, and duration between irradiation and viability assays. EXCLUSION CRITERIA (1) study was a review/systemic review article, patent, letter, or conference abstract/paper; (2) articles were not published in English; (3) studies containing overlapping or insufficient data. RESULTS We identified 201 publications, and 44 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the synthesis. Unfortunately, there are no relevant clinical reports of the use of PDT in the treatment of human OS. In these studies, 8 studies only employed in vivo experiments to evaluate the efficiency of PDT in an OS animal model, 19 studies exclusively performed in vitro viability assays of cells treated with PDT under different conditions, and 17 studies included in vitro cell experiments and in vivo animal OS models to evaluate the effect of PDT on OS in vivo and in vitro. All studies have shown that PDT is cytotoxic to OS cells or can inhibit the growth of OS in heterologous or homologous animal OS models but exhibits minimal cytotoxicity at a certain range of dosages. CONCLUSION Based on this systematic review, PDT can eradicate OS cells in cell culture and there is some evidence for efficacy in animal models. However, the ability for PDT to control human OS is unclear, the animal and human reports do not show evidence of human OS control, they just do show feasibility. The major issues concerning the potential for treatment of osteosarcoma with PDT are that adequate light should be transmitted to tumor loci and if the disease is caught before metastasis and irradiation of tumor sites is feasible, curative potential is there. Otherwise, PDT may be mainly palliative. To determine whether PDT can safely and efficiently be used in the clinical treatment of OS, many preclinical orthotopic animal OS models and OS models of multiple systemic metastases must be performed and interstitial PDT or intraoperative PDT may be a good and potential candidate for human OS treatment. If these problems can be well solved, PDT may be a potentially effective strategy for the treatment of OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Orthopedics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Operating Room, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Rotex Tech.Ltd.Co. Room 1104, floor 11, building 6, No. 599, Shijicheng South Road, high tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Ambrosio N, Voci S, Gagliardi A, Palma E, Fresta M, Cosco D. Application of Biocompatible Drug Delivery Nanosystems for the Treatment of Naturally Occurring Cancer in Dogs. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030116. [PMID: 35997454 PMCID: PMC9397006 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer is a common disease in dogs, with a growing incidence related to the age of the animal. Nanotechnology is being employed in the veterinary field in the same manner as in human therapy. Aim: This review focuses on the application of biocompatible nanocarriers for the treatment of canine cancer, paying attention to the experimental studies performed on dogs with spontaneously occurring cancer. Methods: The most important experimental investigations based on the use of lipid and non-lipid nanosystems proposed for the treatment of canine cancer, such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles containing doxorubicin, paclitaxel and cisplatin, are described and their in vivo fate and antitumor features discussed. Conclusions: Dogs affected by spontaneous cancers are useful models for evaluating the efficacy of drug delivery systems containing antitumor compounds.
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Griffin LR, Brody A, Lee BI. The prognostic significance of metabolic tumour volume and total lesion glycolysis for dogs staged for appendicular osteosarcoma with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:59-68. [PMID: 33988286 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic tumour volumes (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) are metabolic parameters that are becoming more commonly reported in human medicine to quantify tumours detected on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18 F-FDG PET/CT). In this retrospective study dogs afflicted with appendicular osteosarcoma that were staged with 18 F-FDG PET/CT had MTV and TLG at a variety of set and fixed thresholds calculated by two observers. These values, along with SUVmax , were evaluated for prognostic significance in this population of dogs. There was excellent correlation between two observers for all values. Multiple volumetric parameters were significantly associated with survival. SUVmax had the highest sensitivity for survival and TLG at 2.5 SUV*cm3 had the highest specificity for prediction of survival based on ROC calculations. The SUVmax , MTV at 2.5 SUV and TLG at 2.5 SUV*cm3 were significantly different between dogs that survived more than or less than 1 year. This study is the first of its kind in veterinary medicine that retrospectively evaluated volumetric tumour values for prognostic significance and may provide a basis for standardized method of reporting 18 F-FDG PET/CT results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn R Griffin
- Environmental Health and Radiological Sciences Department, Colorado State University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ariel Brody
- Environmental Health and Radiological Sciences Department, Colorado State University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ber-In Lee
- Environmental Health and Radiological Sciences Department, Colorado State University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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7
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Hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry identifies the dominant paratope in CD20 antigen binding to the NCD1.2 monoclonal antibody. Biochem J 2021; 478:99-120. [PMID: 33284343 PMCID: PMC7813475 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A comparative canine–human therapeutics model is being developed in B-cell lymphoma through the generation of a hybridoma cell that produces a murine monoclonal antibody specific for canine CD20. The hybridoma cell produces two light chains, light chain-3, and light chain-7. However, the contribution of either light chain to the authentic full-length hybridoma derived IgG is undefined. Mass spectrometry was used to identify only one of the two light chains, light chain-7, as predominating in the full-length IgG. Gene synthesis created a recombinant murine–canine chimeric monoclonal antibody expressing light chain-7 that reconstituted the IgG binding to CD20. Using light chain-7 as a reference sequence, hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry was used to identify the dominant CDR region implicated in CD20 antigen binding. Early in the deuteration reaction, the CD20 antigen suppressed deuteration at CDR3 (VH). In later time points, deuterium suppression occurred at CDR2 (VH) and CDR2 (VL), with the maintenance of the CDR3 (VH) interaction. These data suggest that CDR3 (VH) functions as the dominant antigen docking motif and that antibody aggregation is induced at later time points after antigen binding. These approaches define a methodology for fine mapping of CDR contacts using nested enzymatic reactions and hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. These data support the further development of an engineered, synthetic canine–murine monoclonal antibody, focused on CDR3 (VH), for use as a canine lymphoma therapeutic that mimics the human–murine chimeric anti-CD20 antibody Rituximab.
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8
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Mills LJ, Spector LG, Largaespada DA, Williams LA. Sex differences in expression of immune elements emerge in children, young adults and mice with osteosarcoma. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:5. [PMID: 33407928 PMCID: PMC7789366 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Males < 40 years old are more likely to be diagnosed with and die from osteosarcoma (OS). The underlying mechanisms may depend on sex differences in immune response. METHODS We used SEER data to estimate survival differences between males and females aged < 40 years at OS diagnosis. In NCI TARGET-OS cases, we determined sex differences in gene expression, conducted Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and applied the LM22 signature to identify biologic sex differences. We compared sex differences in gene expression profiles in TARGET-OS to those observed in Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon mutagenesis accelerated Trp53R270H-mutant mouse-OS and healthy adult osteoblasts. RESULTS Males had worse 17-year overall survival than females (SEER p < 0.0001). From 87 TARGET-OS cases, we observed 1018 genes and 69 pathways that differed significantly by sex (adjusted p < 0.05). Pathway and gene lists overlapped with those from mice (p = 0.03) and healthy osteoblasts (p = 0.017), respectively. Pathways that differed significantly by sex were largely immune-based and included the PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy pathway. We observed sex differences in M2 macrophages (LM22; p = 0.056) and M1-M2 macrophage transition (GSEA; p = 0.037) in TARGET-OS. LM22 trends were similar in mice. Twenty-four genes differentially expressed by sex in TARGET-OS had existing cancer therapies. CONCLUSIONS Sex differences in OS gene expression were similar across species and centered on immune pathways. Identified sex-specific therapeutic targets may improve outcomes in young individuals with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Mills
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Logan G Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David A Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Brain Tumor Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lindsay A Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Brain Tumor Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Athanasiou AT, Nussbaumer T, Kummer S, Hofer M, Johnston IG, Staltner M, Allmer DM, Scott MC, Vogl C, Fenger JM, Modiano JF, Walter I, Steinborn R. S100A4 mRNA-protein relationship uncovered by measurement noise reduction. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:735-749. [PMID: 32296879 PMCID: PMC7241963 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01898-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic biological fluctuation and/or measurement error can obscure the association of gene expression patterns between RNA and protein levels. Appropriate normalization of reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) data can reduce technical noise in transcript measurement, thus uncovering such relationships. The accuracy of gene expression measurement is often challenged in the context of cancer due to the genetic instability and "splicing weakness" involved. Here, we sequenced the poly(A) cancer transcriptome of canine osteosarcoma using mRNA-Seq. Expressed sequences were resolved at the level of two consecutive exons to enable the design of exon-border spanning RT-qPCR assays and ranked for stability based on the coefficient of variation (CV). Using the same template type for RT-qPCR validation, i.e. poly(A) RNA, avoided skewing of stability assessment by circular RNAs (circRNAs) and/or rRNA deregulation. The strength of the relationship between mRNA expression of the tumour marker S100A4 and its proportion score of quantitative immunohistochemistry (qIHC) was introduced as an experimental readout to fine-tune the normalization choice. Together with the essential logit transformation of qIHC scores, this approach reduced the noise of measurement as demonstrated by uncovering a highly significant, strong association between mRNA and protein expressions of S100A4 (Spearman's coefficient ρ = 0.72 (p = 0.006)). KEY MESSAGES: • RNA-seq identifies stable pairs of consecutive exons in a heterogeneous tumour. • Poly(A) RNA templates for RT-qPCR avoid bias from circRNA and rRNA deregulation. • HNRNPL is stably expressed across various cancer tissues and osteosarcoma. • Logit transformed qIHC score better associates with mRNA amount. • Quantification of minor S100A4 mRNA species requires poly(A) RNA templates and dPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Nussbaumer
- Computational Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kummer
- VetBioBank, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Hofer
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iain G Johnston
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Moritz Staltner
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela M Allmer
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Milcah C Scott
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 425 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Claus Vogl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joelle M Fenger
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 425 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ingrid Walter
- VetBioBank, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralf Steinborn
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Diessner BJ, Marko TA, Scott RM, Eckert AL, Stuebner KM, Hohenhaus AE, Selting KA, Largaespada DA, Modiano JF, Spector LG. A comparison of risk factors for metastasis at diagnosis in humans and dogs with osteosarcoma. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3216-3226. [PMID: 31006987 PMCID: PMC6558582 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine osteosarcoma (OS) is a relevant spontaneous model for human OS. Identifying similarities in clinical characteristics associated with metastasis at diagnosis in both species may substantiate research aimed at using canine OS as a model for identifying mechanisms driving distant spread in the human disease. Methods This retrospective study included dog OS cases from three academic veterinary hospitals and human OS cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Associations between clinical factors and metastasis at diagnosis were estimated using logistic regression models. Results In humans, those with trunk tumors had higher odds of metastasis at diagnosis compared to those with lower limb tumors (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.51, 3.69). A similar observation was seen in dogs with trunk tumors compared to dogs with forelimb tumors (OR = 3.28, 95% CI 1.36, 7.50). Other associations were observed in humans but not in dogs. Humans aged 20‐29 years had lower odds of metastasis at diagnosis compared to those aged 10‐14 years (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.96); every 1‐cm increase in tumor size was associated with a 6% increase in the odds of metastasis at diagnosis (95% CI: 1.04, 1.08); compared to those with a white, non‐Hispanic race, higher odds were observed among those with a black, non‐Hispanic race (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.16), and those with a Hispanic origin (OR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.81). Conclusion A common mechanism may be driving trunk tumors to progress to detectable metastasis prior to diagnosis in both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Diessner
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Tracy A Marko
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ruth M Scott
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | - Andrea L Eckert
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | - Kathleen M Stuebner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | | | - Kim A Selting
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - David A Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Logan G Spector
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
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