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Cai M, Zhao J, Ding Q, Wei J. Oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate regulates anti-tumor immunity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24454. [PMID: 38293535 PMCID: PMC10826830 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
"Oncometabolite" 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) is an aberrant metabolite found in tumor cells, exerting a pivotal influence on tumor progression. Recent studies have unveiled its impact on the proliferation, activation, and differentiation of anti-tumor T cells. Moreover, 2-HG regulates the function of innate immune components, including macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and the complement system. Elevated levels of 2-HG hinder α-KG-dependent dioxygenases (α-KGDDs), contributing to tumorigenesis by disrupting epigenetic regulation, genome integrity, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) signaling, and cellular metabolism. The chiral molecular structure of 2-HG produces two enantiomers: D-2-HG and L-2-HG, each with distinct origins and biological functions. Efforts to inhibit D-2-HG and leverage the potential of L-2-HG have demonstrated efficacy in cancer immunotherapy. This review delves into the metabolism, biological functions, and impacts on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of 2-HG, providing a comprehensive exploration of the intricate relationship between 2-HG and antitumor immunity. Additionally, we examine the potential clinical applications of targeted therapy for 2-HG, highlighting recent breakthroughs as well as the existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianyi Zhao
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifu Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
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Chen X, Ding J. Molecular insights into the catalysis and regulation of mammalian NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 82:102672. [PMID: 37542909 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases (NAD-IDHs) are mitochondria-localized enzymes which catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate using NAD as a cofactor. In mammals, NAD-IDHs (or IDH3) consist of three types of subunits (α, β, and γ), and exist as (α2βγ)2 heterooctamer. Mammalian NAD-IDHs are regulated allosterically and/or competitively by a diversity of metabolites including citrate, ADP, ATP, NADH, and NADPH, which are associated with cellular metabolite flux, energy demands, and redox status. Proper assembly of the component subunits is essential for the catalysis and regulation of the enzymes. Recently, crystal structures of human IDH3 have been solved in apo form and in complex with various ligands, revealing the molecular mechanisms for the assembly, catalysis, and regulation of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jianping Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Huaxia Zhong Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Structures of a constitutively active mutant of human IDH3 reveal new insights into the mechanisms of allosteric activation and the catalytic reaction. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102695. [PMID: 36375638 PMCID: PMC9731866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase or IDH3 (HsIDH3) catalyzes the decarboxylation of isocitrate into α-ketoglutarate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It consists of three types of subunits (α, β, and γ) and exists and functions as the (αβαγ)2 heterooctamer. HsIDH3 is regulated allosterically and/or competitively by numerous metabolites including CIT, ADP, ATP, and NADH. Our previous studies have revealed the molecular basis for the activity and regulation of the αβ and αγ heterodimers. However, the molecular mechanism for the allosteric activation of the HsIDH3 holoenzyme remains elusive. In this work, we report the crystal structures of the αβ and αγ heterodimers and the (αβαγ)2 heterooctamer containing an α-Q139A mutation in the clasp domain, which renders all the heterodimers and the heterooctamer constitutively active in the absence of activators. Our structural analysis shows that the α-Q139A mutation alters the hydrogen-bonding network at the heterodimer-heterodimer interface in a manner similar to that in the activator-bound αγ heterodimer. This alteration not only stabilizes the active sites of both αQ139Aβ and αQ139Aγ heterodimers in active conformations but also induces conformational changes of the pseudo-allosteric site of the αQ139Aβ heterodimer enabling it to bind activators. In addition, the αQ139AICT+Ca+NADβNAD structure presents the first pseudo-Michaelis complex of HsIDH3, which allows us to identify the key residues involved in the binding of cofactor, substrate, and metal ion. Our structural and biochemical data together reveal new insights into the molecular mechanisms for allosteric regulation and the catalytic reaction of HsIDH3.
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Soni VK, Mehta A, Ratre YK, Chandra V, Shukla D, Kumar A, Vishvakarma NK. Counteracting Action of Curcumin on High Glucose-Induced Chemoresistance in Hepatic Carcinoma Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:738961. [PMID: 34692517 PMCID: PMC8526934 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.738961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with direct anticancer activity, curcumin hinders the onset of chemoresistance. Among many, high glucose condition is a key driving factor for chemoresistance. However, the ability of curcumin remains unexplored against high glucose-induced chemoresistance. Moreover, chemoresistance is major hindrance in effective clinical management of liver cancer. Using hepatic carcinoma HepG2 cells, the present investigation demonstrates that high glucose induces chemoresistance, which is averted by the simultaneous presence of curcumin. Curcumin obviated the hyperglycemia-induced modulations like elevated glucose consumption, lactate production, and extracellular acidification, and diminished nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Modulated molecular regulators are suggested to play a crucial role as curcumin pretreatment also prevented the onset of chemoresistance by high glucose. High glucose instigated suppression in the intracellular accumulation of anticancer drug doxorubicin and drug-induced chromatin compactness along with declined expression of drug efflux pump MDR-1 and transcription factors and signal transducers governing the survival, aggressiveness, and apoptotic cell death (p53, HIF-1α, mTOR, MYC, STAT3). Curcumin alleviated the suppression of drug retention and nuclear condensation along with hindering the high glucose-induced alterations in transcription factors and signal transducers. High glucose-driven resistance in cancer cells was associated with elevated expression of metabolic enzymes HKII, PFK1, GAPDH, PKM2, LDH-A, IDH3A, and FASN. Metabolite transporters and receptors (GLUT-1, MCT-1, MCT-4, and HCAR-1) were also found upregulated in high glucose exposed HepG2 cells. Curcumin inhibited the elevated expression of these enzymes, transporters, and receptors in cancer cells. Curcumin also uplifted the SDH expression, which was inhibited in high glucose condition. Taken together, the findings of the present investigation first time demonstrate the ability of curcumin against high glucose-induced chemoresistance, along with its molecular mechanism. This will have implication in therapeutic management of malignancies in diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Soni
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Arundhati Mehta
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Vikas Chandra
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Dhananjay Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Su H, Liang Z, Weng S, Sun C, Huang J, Zhang T, Wang X, Wu S, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Gong Q, Xu Y. miR-9-5p regulates immunometabolic and epigenetic pathways in β-glucan-trained immunity via IDH3α. JCI Insight 2021; 6:144260. [PMID: 33986196 PMCID: PMC8262351 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Trained immunity, induced by β-glucan in monocytes, is mediated by activating metabolic pathways that result in epigenetic rewiring of cellular functional programs; however, molecular mechanisms underlying these changes remain unclear. Here, we report a key immunometabolic and epigenetic pathway mediated by the miR–9-5p-isocitrate dehydrogenase 3α (IDH3α) axis in trained immunity. We found that β-glucan–trained miR–9-5p–/– monocytes showed decreased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production after LPS stimulation. Trained miR–9-5p–/– mice produced decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines upon rechallenge in vivo and had worse protection against Candida albicans infection. miR–9-5p targeted IDH3α and reduced α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) levels to stabilize HIF-1α, which promoted glycolysis. Accumulating succinate and fumarate via miR–9-5p action integrated immunometabolic circuits to induce histone modifications by inhibiting KDM5 demethylases. β-Glucan–trained monocytes exhibited low IDH3α levels, and IDH3α overexpression blocked the induction of trained immunity by monocytes. Monocytes with IDH3α variants from autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa patients showed a trained immunity phenotype at immunometabolic and epigenetic levels. These findings suggest that miR–9-5p and IDH3α act as critical metabolic and epigenetic switches in trained immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Su
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongping Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - ShuFeng Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaonan Sun
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - TianRan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xialian Wang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Gong
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Du B, Sun T, Li X, Diao Y, Li Y. Effect of IDH3a on glucose uptake in lung adenocarcinoma: A pilot study based on [ 18 F]FDG. Cancer Med 2019; 8:5341-5351. [PMID: 31355526 PMCID: PMC6718547 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Subunit of isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (IDH3a) as upstream of the hypoxia-inducible factor was reported highly expressed in malignant tumors, playing an important role in glucose metabolism reprogramming. As one of rate-limiting enzyme in the Krebs cycle, whether high expression of IDH3a affects glucose uptake in tumors has not been elucidated. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between IDH3a expression and tumor glucose uptake. Sixty-five patients who underwent 2-[18 F]-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18 F]-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging before surgery and pathologically diagnosed as lung adenocarcinoma were included. All patients were divided into high (n = 31) and low (n = 34) groups according IDH3a expression by immunohistochemistry. Comparatively higher [18 F]-FDG uptake was found in high IDH3a expression group. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) level was demonstrated to correlate with IDH3a expression, but not for hexokinase 2 (HK2). Furthermore, A549 and H1299 cells experiment showed, the expression of p-AKT and GLUT1 were significantly downregulated after IDH3a interference. The cellular uptake of [18 F]-FDG and lactate production were significantly reduced in treatment group. In summary, high expression of IDH3a in lung adenocarcinoma patients is associated with higher glucose uptake. IDH3a targets AKT-GLUT1 pathway to affect glucose uptake and metabolites in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulin Du
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuena Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yao Diao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yaming Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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