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Meng X, Hao F, Wang N, Qin P, Ju Z, Sun D. Log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS)-based novel nomogram for survival estimation in patients with invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast. BMC Med Res Methodol 2024; 24:90. [PMID: 38637725 PMCID: PMC11025266 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-024-02218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast is known for its high propensity for lymph node (LN) invasion. Inadequate LN dissection may compromise the precision of prognostic assessments. This study introduces a log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) method to address this issue and develops a novel LODDS-based nomogram to provide accurate prognostic information. METHODS The study analyzed data from 1,901 patients with breast IMPC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. It assessed the relationships between LODDS and the number of excised LN (eLN), positive LN (pLN), and the pLN ratio (pLNR), identifying an optimal threshold value using a restricted cubic spline method. Predictive factors were identified by the Cox least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Cox-LASSO) regression and validated through multivariate Cox regression to construct a nomogram. The model's accuracy, discrimination, and utility were assessed. The study also explored the consequences of excluding LODDS from the nomogram and compared its effectiveness with the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system. RESULTS LODDS improved N status classification by identifying heterogeneity in patients with pLN ratios of 0% (pLN =0) or 100% (pLN =eLN) and setting -1.08 as the ideal cutoff. Five independent prognostic factors for breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were identified: tumor size, N status, LODDS, progesterone receptor status, and histological grade. The LODDS-based nomogram achieved a strong concordance index of 0.802 (95% CI: 0.741-0.863), surpassing both the version without LODDS and the conventional TNM staging in all tests. CONCLUSIONS For breast IMPC, LODDS served as an independent prognostic factor, its effectiveness unaffected by the anatomical LN count, enhancing the accuracy of N staging. The LODDS-based nomogram showed promise in offering more personalized prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdi Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151 Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Furong Hao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151 Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151 Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Peiyan Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151 Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Zhuojun Ju
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Daqing Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151 Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China.
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Luo J, Hu J, Mulati Y, Wu Z, Lai C, Kong D, Liu C, Xu K. Developing and validating a nomogram for penile cancer survival: A comprehensive study based on SEER and Chinese data. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7111. [PMID: 38566587 PMCID: PMC10988236 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to create a nomogram for predicting survival outcomes in penile cancer patients, utilizing data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) and a Chinese organization. METHODS Our study involved a cohort of 5744 patients diagnosed with penile cancer from the SEER database, spanning from 2004 to 2019. In addition, 103 patients with penile cancer from Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were included during the same period. Based on the results of regression analysis, a nomogram is constructed and validated internally and externally. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated by concordance index (c-index), area under the curve, decision curve analysis, and calibration curve, in internal and external datasets. Finally, the prediction efficiency is compared with the TNM staging model. RESULTS A total of 3154 penile patients were randomly divided into the training group and the internal validation group at a ratio of 2:1. Nine independent risk factors were identified, including age, race, marital status, tumor grade, histology, TNM stage, and the surgical approach. Based on these factors, a nomogram was constructed to predict OS. The nomogram demonstrated relatively better consistency, predictive accuracy, and clinical relevance, with a c-index over 0.73 (in the training cohort, the validation cohort, and externally validation cohort.) These evaluation indexes are far better than the TNM staging system. CONCLUSION Penile cancer, often overlooked in research, has lacked detailed investigative focus and guidelines. This study stands as the first to validate penile cancer prognosis using extensive data from the SEER database, supplemented by data from our own institution. Our findings equip surgeons with an essential tool to predict the prognosis of penile cancer better suited than TNM, thereby enhancing clinical decision-making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Luo
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jintao Hu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yelisudan Mulati
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhikai Wu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Cong Lai
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Degeng Kong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological DiseasesGuangdongChina
| | - Kewei Xu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological DiseasesGuangdongChina
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Zheng W, Jiang W, Wu Q, Chen J, Zhang Z, Yu S, Guo C. Comparisons of different lymph node staging systems for predicting overall survival of node-positive patients with renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068044. [PMID: 37185648 PMCID: PMC10151935 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the prognostic values of three lymph node staging systems in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), including the number of positive lymph nodes (NPLN), lymph node ratio (LNR) and log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS). DESIGN A retrospective cohort study using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 1904 patients with pathological N1 RCC, diagnosed from 2004 to 2015 and underwent nephrectomy combined with lymph node dissection, were identified from the SEER database. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE The primary outcome of this study was overall survival (OS). Restricted cubic spline functions and multivariable Cox regression analyses were employed to characterise the associations of OS with NPLN, LNR and LODDS, respectively. RESULTS Data of 1904 eligible RCC patients were extracted from the SEER database. The mortality risks of RCC patients increased with the increasing of NPLN, LNR and LODDS. NPLN (NPLN3 vs NPLN1, HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.43, p=0.001), LNR (LNR3 vs LNR1, HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.67, p<0.001; LNR2 vs LNR1, HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.50, p=0.002) and LODDS (LODDS3 vs LODDS1, HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.72, p<0.001; LODDS2 vs LODDS1, HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.53, p<0.001) were all independent prognostic factors of OS. The predictive abilities of LNR (Akaike information criterion, AIC: 19576.3, optimism-corrected C-index: 0.677) and LODDS (AIC: 19579.2, optimism-corrected C-index: 0.676) were comparable, superior to NPLN (AIC: 19603.7, optimism-corrected C-index: 0.673). In subgroup analyses, the LODDS classification could better stratify survival of RCC patients, in particular for those with the number of dissected lymph nodes <13 or NPLN≤2. CONCLUSIONS NPLN, LNR and LODDS were all independent predictors of OS in RCC. When compared with NPLN and LNR, LODDS had a better performance in survival prediction and risk stratification. The three metrics all had the potential to be integrated into future versions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Education, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingna Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengqiang Yu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Li S, Wang Y, Hu X. Prognostic nomogram based on the lymph node metastasis indicators for patients with bladder cancer: A
SEER
population‐based study and external validation. Cancer Med 2022; 12:6853-6866. [PMID: 36479835 PMCID: PMC10067030 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the prognostic value of multiple lymph node metastasis (LNM) indicators and to develop optimal prognostic nomograms for bladder cancer (BC) patients. METHODS BC patients were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2015, and randomly partitioned into training and internal validation cohorts. Genomic and clinical data were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as external validation cohort. The predictive efficiency of LNM indicators was compared by constructing multivariate Cox regression models. We constructed nomograms on basis of the optimal models selected for overall survival (OS) and cause-specific survival (CSS). The performance of nomograms was evaluated with calibration plot, time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) in three cohorts. We subsequently estimated the difference of biological function and tumor immunity between two risk groups stratified by nomograms in TCGA cohort. RESULTS Totally, 10,093 and 107 BC patients were screened from the SEER and TCGA databases. N classification, positive lymph nodes (PLNs), lymph node ratio (LNR) and log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) were all independent predictors for OS and CSS. The filtered models containing LODDS had minimal Akaike Information Criterion, maximal concordance indexes and AUCs. Age, LODDS, T and M classification were integrated into nomogram for OS, while nomogram for CSS included gender, tumor grade, LODDS, T and M classification. The nomograms were successfully validated in predictive accuracy and clinical utility in three cohorts. Additionally, the tumor microenvironment was different between two risk groups. CONCLUSIONS LODDS demonstrated superior prognostic performance over N classification, PLN and LNR for OS and CSS of BC patients. The nomograms incorporating LODDS provided appropriate prediction of BC, which could contribute to the tumor assessment and clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Department of Urology Beijing Chao‐Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Institute of Urology Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Yicun Wang
- Department of Urology Beijing Chao‐Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Institute of Urology Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Department of Urology Beijing Chao‐Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Institute of Urology Capital Medical University Beijing China
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Li R, Cheng K, Wei Z, Liu Z, Peng X. The Development and Validation of a Nomogram Incorporating Clinical, Pathological, and Therapeutic Features to Predict Overall Survival in Patients With Penile Cancer: A SEER-Based Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:840367. [PMID: 35449579 PMCID: PMC9016192 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.840367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the prognostic factors of penile cancer and establish a comprehensive predictive model for clinical application. Methods A total of 581 patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program (2000-2018) were used to develop the prognostic model. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to identify independent prognostic factors to develop the nomogram. The performance of this model was validated internally by a cohort with 143 patients from the SEER database and validated externally by a cohort with 70 patients from the West China Hospital, Sichuan University (2010-2020). Results Age, marital status, size of the primary lesion, primary tumor (T), regional lymph nodes status, distant metastasis (M), and the surgery of regional lymph node (LND) were the independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and were incorporated in the prognostic model. The prognostic nomogram showed a good risk stratification ability for OS in the development cohort, internal validation cohort, and external validation cohort. Conclusion This study incorporates the clinical, pathological, and therapeutic features comprehensively to develop a novel and clinically effective prognostic model for patients with penile cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidan Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhigong Wei
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheran Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Laksmi LI, Seja IA, Warli SM. The Association between Tumor Budding Peritumoral and Histologic Grade in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTIntroduction Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the largest type of Penile Cancer, which is usually lymphomatous that spreads to the inguinal lymph nodes. Inguinal lymph node metastases are the most important factor in predicting survival in penile SCC and therapy choices. Tumor budding is a biological phenomenon that has been described in malignancies and have both predictive and independent significant prognostic. Lack of information about tumor budding in penile SCC. This study determines whether there is a correlation between tumor budding peritumoral with histological grade in penile SCC.
Materials and Methods : Samples are taken from the paraffin blocks of patients diagnosed with penile SCC. The tumor budding peritumoral evaluation was classified as less 5 buds (low grade) and five or more buds (high grade) using H&E staining. Histological grade of penile SCC is assessed based on the WHO, and ISUP grade scoring system evaluated based on nuclear pleomorphism with varying amounts of keratin production, which is divided into 3 grade; grade I (well-differentiated carcinoma), grade II (moderately differentiated carcinoma), grade III (poorly differentiated carcinoma). The correlation of tumor budding peritumoral with histopathological grade in penile SCC was analyzed statistically.
Results The mean age of SCC patient was 51.16 years old with range 60-69 years old had the most respondents. The glans penis is the most prevalent site for a tumor, with stage IIIB is being the most dominant stage. The majority of the samples were from lymph node metastases. The majority of peritumoral budding tumors (60.7 percent) had high-grade budding.
Conclusions This research discovered a significant correlation between peritumoral budding tumors and grade histopathology of Penile SCC (p-value = 0.0005).
Keywords: Tumor budding, peritumoral, histopathological grade, penile SCC
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Zhou Q, Xiong XY, Liang ZA. Developing a Nomogram-Based Scoring Tool to Estimate the Risk of Pulmonary Embolism. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:3687-3697. [PMID: 35411176 PMCID: PMC8994654 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s359291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary embolisms (PEs) are clinically challenging because of their high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to develop a scoring tool for predicting PEs to improve their clinical management. Methods Clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters were retrospectively collected from suspected PE patients who had cough or chest pain and were hospitalized in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from May 2015 to April 2020. The final diagnosis of PE was defined based on findings from computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA). In this study, patients were randomly divided 2:1 into derivation and validation cohorts, which were used to create and validate, respectively, a nomogram. Model performance was estimated with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and a calibration curve. Results Our study incorporated data on more than 100 features from 1480 patients (811 non-PE, 669 PE). The nomogram was constructed using important predictive features including D-dimer, APTT, FDP, platelet count, sodium, albumin and cholesterol and achieved AUC values of 0.692 with the derivation cohort (95% CI 0.688–0.696, P < 0.01) and 0.688 with the validation cohort (95% CI 0.653–0.723, P < 0.01). The calibration curve showed good agreement between the probability predicted by the nomogram and the actual probability. Conclusion In this study, we successfully developed a nomogram that can predict the risk of PE, which can not only improve the clinical management of PE patients but also decrease unnecessary CTPA scans and their adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Yu Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zong-An Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zong-An Liang, Email
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Li S, Liu X, Chen X. Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for predicting overall survival in patients with primary bladder sarcoma: a SEER-based retrospective study. BMC Urol 2021; 21:162. [PMID: 34823525 PMCID: PMC8614032 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary bladder sarcoma (PBS) is a rare malignant tumor of the bladder with a poor prognosis, and its disease course is inadequately understood. Therefore, our study aimed to establish a prognostic model to determine individualized prognosis of patients with PBS. Patients and Methods Data of 866 patients with PBS, registered from 1973 to 2015, were extracted from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end result (SEER) database. The patients included were randomly split into a training (n = 608) and a validation set (n = 258). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to identify the important independent prognostic factors. A nomogram was then established to predict overall survival (OS). Using calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic curves, concordance index (C-index), decision curve analysis (DCA), net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), the performance of the nomogram was internally validated. We compared the nomogram with the TNM staging system. The application of the risk stratification system was tested using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Results Age at diagnosis, T-stage, N-stage, M-stage, and tumor size were identified as independent predictors of OS. C-index of the training cohort were 0.675, 0.670, 0.671 for 1-, 3- and 5-year OS, respectively. And that in the validation cohort were 0.701, 0.684, 0.679, respectively. Calibration curves also showed great prediction accuracy. In comparison with TNM staging system, improved net benefits in DCA, evaluated NRI and IDI were obtained. The risk stratification system can significantly distinguish the patients with different survival risk. Conclusion A prognostic nomogram was developed and validated in the present study to predict the prognosis of the PBS patients. It may assist clinicians in evaluating the risk factors of patients and formulating an optimal individualized treatment strategy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12894-021-00929-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Gao P, Zhu T, Gao J, Li H, Liu X, Zhang X. Impact of Examined Lymph Node Count and Lymph Node Density on Overall Survival of Penile Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:706531. [PMID: 34307174 PMCID: PMC8293298 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.706531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have explored the optimal examined lymph node count and lymph node density cutoff values that could be used to predict the survival of patients with penile cancer. We further clarify the prognostic value of lymph node density and examined lymph node count in penile cancer. METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was explored to recruit penile cancer patients from 2010 to 2015. A retrospective analysis of penile cancer patients' data from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University was performed for verification (2006-2016). The cutoff values of examined lymph node count and lymph node density were performed according to the ROC curve. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare survival differences among different groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to determine the significant variables. On the basis of Cox proportional hazards regression model, a nomogram was established and validated by calibration plot diagrams and concordance index (C-index). RESULTS A total of 528 patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cohort and 156 patients in the Chinese cohort were included in this study. Using the ROC curve, we found that the recommended cutoff values of ELN and LND were 13 and 9.3%, respectively (P <0.001). Kaplan-Meier curves suggested the significant differences of overall survival among different examined lymph nodes and lymph node density. Multivariate analysis indicated ELN and LND were independent prognostic factor for OS of penile cancer patients. Nomogram showed the contribution of ELN and LND to predicting OS was large. The C-index at 3-, and 5-year were 0.744 for overall survival (95% CI 0.711-0.777). CONCLUSIONS The more lymph nodes examined, the lower the density of lymph nodes, and the higher the long-term survival rate of penile cancer. We recommended 13 examined lymph nodes and lymph node density >9.3% as the cutoff value for evaluating the prognosis of penile cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiansheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Cao J, Yang CH, Han WQ, Xie Y, Liu ZZ, Jiang SS. Correlation Between the Evolution of Somatic Alterations During Lymphatic Metastasis and Clinical Outcome in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:641869. [PMID: 34150614 PMCID: PMC8207884 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.641869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare malignancy with poor survival after standard treatment. Although genomic alterations of PSCC have been characterized in several latest studies, the association between the formation of somatic landscape and regional lymph node metastasis (LNM), an important predictor for patient survival, has not been comprehensively investigated. Here, we collected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue and matched normal samples of 32 PSCC patients, including 14 LNM patients and 18 clinically node-negative patients, to implement a whole-exome sequencing. Comparison of genomic features among different lymph node status subgroups was conducted after genomic profiling and its effects on patient survival were explored. Top-ranked recurrent gene mutants in our PSCC cohort were TP53 (13/32), NOTCH1 (12/32), CDKN2A (11/32), TTN (9/32) and FAT1 (8/32), mainly identified in the Notch, Hippo, cell cycle, TP53, RTK-RAS and PI3K pathways. While CDKN2A was confirmed to be the driver gene in all PSCC patients, certain gene mutants were significantly enriched in LNM involved patients, including TP53 (9/14 vs. 4/18, p = 0.029) and GBF1 (4/14 vs. 0/18, p = 0.028). Overall survival stratification of PSCC patients were found to be significantly correlated with mutations of three genes, including PIK3CA (Hazard ratio [HR] = 4.15, p = 0.029), CHD7 (HR = 4.82, p = 0.032) and LAMC3 (HR = 15.9, p < 0.001). PIK3CA and LAMC3 held a higher prevalence in patients with LNM compared to those without LNM (PIK3CA: 3/14 vs. 1/18, LAMC3: 2/14 vs. 1/18). Our finding demonstrated that genomic divergence exists across PSCC patients with different lymph node statuses, and it may be correlated with their survival outcome. It helps delineate somatic evolution during tumor progression and perfect potential therapeutic intervention in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- Department of Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chun-He Yang
- GloriousMed Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qing Han
- Department of Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Liu
- Department of Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shu-Suan Jiang
- Department of Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Patel KN, Salunke A, Bhatt S, Sharma M, Jain A, Puj K, Rathod P, Warikoo V, Pandya SJ. Log ODDS (LODDS) of positive lymph nodes as a predictor of overall survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. J Surg Oncol 2021; 123:1836-1844. [PMID: 33684233 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of logarithmic ODDS (LODDS) in the number of positive lymph nodes and the number of negative lymph nodes as a prognostic metric in the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) penis. METHODS Data were retrospectively collected from 96 cases of SCC penis that underwent bilateral groin dissection between 2010 and 2015 at our institute. Lymph node density (LND) and LODDS were calculated for all the patients and classified according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) pN staging. Thresholds for LND (24% and 46%) and LODDS (-0.75 and 0) were established. Multivariate analysis of various cofactors was done with overall survival (OS) as a dependent factor. Three classification systems were compared using receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that AJCC pN, LND, and LODDS were all significantly correlated with OS. However, only LODDS (HR, 11.185; p = .023) remained an independent prognostic factor through multivariate analysis. LODDS (log-likelihood = 3832 vs. 3798; p < .001) had better prognostic performance than pN and better discriminatory ability than LND (AIC = 3902 vs. 3928). LODDS had better power of discrimination than LND and pN. LODDS could predict survival in lymph node yield (LNY) < 15 (p < .001). CONCLUSION LODDS is an independent predictor of OS in the SCC penis and has superior prognostic significance than the AJCC pN and LND classification systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keval N Patel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhijeet Salunke
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Supreet Bhatt
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ketul Puj
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Priyank Rathod
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Vikas Warikoo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Shashank J Pandya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Zheng W, Li K, Zhu W, Ding Y, Wu Q, Tang Q, Lu C, Zhao Q, Yu S, Guo C. Nomogram prediction of overall survival based on log odds of positive lymph nodes for patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5425-5435. [PMID: 32519819 PMCID: PMC7402844 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to establish a nomogram to predict the long‐term overall survival (OS) for patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC). Method The PSCC patients receiving regional lymph node dissection (RLND) were enrolled from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2015. The dataset of all eligible patients were used to develop the predictive model. The significant independent predictors were identified through Cox regression modeling based on the Bayesian information criterion and then incorporated into a nomogram to predicted 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS. Internal validation was performed using the bootstrap resampling method. The model performance was evaluated using Harrell's concordance index (C‐index), calibration plots, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results Totally, 384 eligible PSCC patients were enrolled from the SEER database. A nomogram for OS prediction was developed, in which three clinical variables significantly associated with OS were integrated, including age, N classification, and log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS). The C‐index of the nomogram (0.746, 95% CI: 0.702‐0.790) was significantly higher than that of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system (0.692, 95% CI: 0.646‐0.738, P = .020). The bootstrap optimism‐corrected C‐index for the nomogram was 0.739 (95% CI: 0.690‐0.784). The bias‐corrected calibration plots showed the predicted risks were in good accordance with the actual risks. The results of NRI, IDI, and DCA exhibited superior predictive capability and higher clinical use of the nomogram compared with the AJCC staging system. Conclusion We successfully constructed a simple and reliable nomogram for OS prediction among PSCC patients receiving RLND, which would be beneficial to clinical trial design, patient counseling, and therapeutic modality selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zheng
- Department of Education, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Kangqi Li
- Drug Clinical Trial Agency, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Drug Clinical Trial Agency, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Yuexia Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Qingna Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Qiling Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Congxiao Lu
- Drug Clinical Trial Agency, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Quan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Shengqiang Yu
- Department of Urology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Chenyu Guo
- Drug Clinical Trial Agency, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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