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Niu L, Du Z, Xie Z, Liu X, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Wang H, Hao C, Xue D, Wang L. Total testosterone plays a crucial role in the pathway from hypothyroidism to broad depression in women. J Affect Disord 2024; 359:164-170. [PMID: 38768827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression tends to develop in correlation with hypothyroidism, however it's unclear how testosterone traits contribute to this association. We examined the causal association between depression, testosterone traits, and hypothyroidism using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHOD We conducted univariable and multivariable MR studies using summary-level statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of Hypothyroidism (n = 213,990), broad depression (n = 322,580), probable major depressive disorder (probable MDD) (n = 174,519), and International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 or ICD-10-coded MDD (n = 217,584) from European ancestry. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main MR analysis. RESULTS In univariate MR analysis, there is a positive causal relationship between hypothyroidism and broad depression (P = 0.0074; OR = 1.0066; 95%CI: 1.0018-1.0114) and probable MDD (P = 0.0242; OR = 1.0056; 95%CI: 1.0007-1.0105). In females, there is a causal relationship between hypothyroidism and decreased total testosterone (P < 0.001; OR = 0.9747; 95%CI: 0.9612-0.9885) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels (P = 0.0418; OR = 0.9858; 95%CI: 0.9723-0.9995). In females, there is an inverse causal relationship between total testosterone and broad depression (P = 0.0349; OR = 0.9898; 95%CI: 0.9804-0.9993). Furthermore, in multivariate MR analysis, after adjusting for total testosterone in females, hypothyroidism only has a positive causal relationship with probable MDD, and the relationship with broad depression is no longer significant. Most notably, after adjusting for hypothyroidism, the inverse causal effect of female total testosterone levels on broad depression becomes more significant (P = 0.0154; OR = 0.9878; 95%CI: 0.9780-0.9977). CONCLUSION Hypothyroidism increases the risk of broad depression and probable MDD development. Total Testosterone appears to play an important role in the relationship between hypothyroidism and broad depression in female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Niu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiwei Du
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuxu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chenjun Hao
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Liyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Liu YX, Bin CL, Zhang L, Yang WT, An BP. Socioeconomic traits and the risk of Barrett’s esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux disease: A Mendelian randomization study. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2619-2633. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous observational studies have shown that the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is associated with socioeconomic status. However, due to the methodological limitations of traditional observational studies, it is challenging to definitively establish causality.
AIM To explore the causal relationship between the prevalence of these conditions and socioeconomic status using Mendelian randomization (MR).
METHODS We initially screened single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to serve as proxies for eight socioeconomic status phenotypes for univariate MR analysis. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analytical method to estimate the causal relationship between the eight socioeconomic status phenotypes and the risk of GERD and BE. We then collected combinations of SNPs as composite proxies for the eight socioeconomic phenotypes to perform multivariate MR (MVMR) analyses based on the IVW MVMR model. Furthermore, a two-step MR mediation analysis was used to examine the potential mediation of the associations by body mass index, major depressive disorder (MDD), smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep duration.
RESULTS The study identified three socioeconomic statuses that had a significant impact on GERD. These included household income [odds ratio (OR): 0.46; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.31-0.70], education attainment (OR: 0.23; 95%CI: 0.18-0.29), and the Townsend Deprivation Index at recruitment (OR: 1.57; 95%CI: 1.04-2.37). These factors were found to independently and predominantly influence the genetic causal effect of GERD. Furthermore, the mediating effect of educational attainment on GERD was found to be mediated by MDD (proportion mediated: 10.83%). Similarly, the effect of educational attainment on BE was mediated by MDD (proportion mediated: 10.58%) and the number of cigarettes smoked per day (proportion mediated: 3.50%). Additionally, the mediating effect of household income on GERD was observed to be mediated by sleep duration (proportion mediated: 9.75%)
CONCLUSION This MR study shed light on the link between socioeconomic status and GERD or BE, providing insights for the prevention of esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Cheng-Li Bin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Endocrine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wen-Tao Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bai-Ping An
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
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Liu YX, Bin CL, Zhang L, Yang WT, An BP. Socioeconomic traits and the risk of Barrett's esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux disease: A Mendelian randomization study. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2631-2645. [PMID: 38994145 PMCID: PMC11236248 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous observational studies have shown that the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Barrett's esophagus (BE) is associated with socioeconomic status. However, due to the methodological limitations of traditional observational studies, it is challenging to definitively establish causality. AIM To explore the causal relationship between the prevalence of these conditions and socioeconomic status using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS We initially screened single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to serve as proxies for eight socioeconomic status phenotypes for univariate MR analysis. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analytical method to estimate the causal relationship between the eight socioeconomic status phenotypes and the risk of GERD and BE. We then collected combinations of SNPs as composite proxies for the eight socioeconomic phenotypes to perform multivariate MR (MVMR) analyses based on the IVW MVMR model. Furthermore, a two-step MR mediation analysis was used to examine the potential mediation of the associations by body mass index, major depressive disorder (MDD), smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep duration. RESULTS The study identified three socioeconomic statuses that had a significant impact on GERD. These included household income [odds ratio (OR): 0.46; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.31-0.70], education attainment (OR: 0.23; 95%CI: 0.18-0.29), and the Townsend Deprivation Index at recruitment (OR: 1.57; 95%CI: 1.04-2.37). These factors were found to independently and predominantly influence the genetic causal effect of GERD. Furthermore, the mediating effect of educational attainment on GERD was found to be mediated by MDD (proportion mediated: 10.83%). Similarly, the effect of educational attainment on BE was mediated by MDD (proportion mediated: 10.58%) and the number of cigarettes smoked per day (proportion mediated: 3.50%). Additionally, the mediating effect of household income on GERD was observed to be mediated by sleep duration (proportion mediated: 9.75%). CONCLUSION This MR study shed light on the link between socioeconomic status and GERD or BE, providing insights for the prevention of esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Cheng-Li Bin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Endocrine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wen-Tao Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bai-Ping An
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
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Liu YX, Yang WT, Li Y. Different effects of 24 dietary intakes on gastroesophageal reflux disease: A mendelian randomization. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:2370-2381. [PMID: 38765751 PMCID: PMC11099402 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i14.2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In observational studies, dietary intakes are associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). AIM To conduct a two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to determine whether those associations are causal. METHODS To explore the relationship between dietary intake and the risk of GERD, we extracted appropriate single nucleotide polymorphisms from genome-wide association study data on 24 dietary intakes. Three methods were adopted for data analysis: Inverse variance weighting, weighted median methods, and MR-Egger's method. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the causal association between dietary intake and GERD. RESULTS Our univariate Mendelian randomization (UVMR) results showed significant evidence that pork intake (OR, 2.83; 95%CI: 1.76-4.55; P = 1.84 × 10-5), beer intake (OR, 2.70, 95%CI: 2.00-3.64; P = 6.54 × 10-11), non-oily fish intake (OR, 2.41; 95%CI: 1.49-3.91; P = 3.59 × 10-4) have a protective effect on GERD. In addition, dried fruit intake (OR, 0.37; 95%CI: 0.27-0.50; 6.27 × 10-11), red wine intake (OR, 0.34; 95%CI: 0.25-0.47; P = 1.90 × 10-11), cheese intake (OR, 0.46; 95%CI: 0.39-0.55; P =3.73 × 10-19), bread intake (OR, 0.72; 95%CI: 0.56-0.92; P = 0.0009) and cereal intake (OR, 0.45; 95%CI: 0.36-0.57; P = 2.07 × 10-11) were negatively associated with the risk of GERD. There was a suggestive association for genetically predicted coffee intake (OR per one SD increase, 1.22, 95%CI: 1.03-1.44; P = 0.019). Multivariate Mendelian randomization further confirmed that dried fruit intake, red wine intake, cheese intake, and cereal intake directly affected GERD. In contrast, the impact of pork intake, beer intake, non-oily fish intake, and bread intake on GERD was partly driven by the common risk factors for GERD. However, after adjusting for all four elements, there was no longer a suggestive association between coffee intake and GERD. CONCLUSION This study provides MR evidence to support the causal relationship between a broad range of dietary intake and GERD, providing new insights for the treatment and prevention of GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wen-Tao Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
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Kopeć M, Beton-Mysur K, Abramczyk H. Biochemical changes in lipid and protein metabolism caused by mannose-Raman spectroscopy studies. Analyst 2024; 149:2942-2955. [PMID: 38597575 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00128a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Biochemical analysis of human normal bronchial cells (BEpiC) and human cancer lung cells (A549) has been performed by using Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging. Our approach provides a biochemical compositional mapping of the main cell components: nucleus, mitochondria, lipid droplets, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm and cell membrane. We proved that Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging can distinguish successfully BEpiC and A549 cells. In this study, we have focused on the role of mannose in cancer development. It has been shown that changes in the concentration of mannose can regulate some metabolic processes in cells. Presented results suggest lipids and proteins can be considered as Raman biomarkers during lung cancer progression. Analysis obtained for bands 1444 cm-1, and 2854 cm-1 characteristic for lipids and derivatives proved that the addition of mannose reduced levels of these compounds. Results obtained for protein compounds based on bands 858 cm-1, 1004 cm-1 and 1584 cm-1 proved that the addition of mannose increases the values of protein in BEpiC cells and blocks protein glycolisation in A549 cells. Noticing Raman spectral changes in BEpiC and A549 cells supplemented with mannose can help to understand the mechanism of sugar metabolism during cancer development and could play in the future an important role in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kopeć
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Karolina Beton-Mysur
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Halina Abramczyk
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
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Zhang Y, Shen Z, Pei H, Wang G, Wang Z, Wei X, Yu J, Wang C, Hua J, He B. Impact of particulate-matter air pollution on 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: a mendelian randomisation study. Public Health 2024; 230:190-197. [PMID: 38565065 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In observational studies, the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level in body has been found to be closely related to particulate matter (PM) air pollution. In this study, we used the two-sample mendelian randomisation (MR) method to investigate and discuss the potential causal relationship and mode of influence. STUDY DESIGN MR study. METHODS PM data (PM10, PM2.5-10, PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance) came from the UK Biobank database, and 25(OH)D data came from European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) database. The analysis was conducted utilising three prominent methods (inverse-variance-weighted [IVW], MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode). The primary emphasis was placed on IVW, accompanied by heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy tests. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was undertaken. RESULTS The MR analysis revealed a significant association between exposure to PM10 and a decrease in levels of 25(OH)D (odds ratio [OR]: 0.878, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.789-0.977). However, no significant relationship was observed between PM2.5 exposure and 25(OH)D (OR: 0.943, 95%CI: 0.858-1.037). Further analysis indicated that the main contributor to the decline in 25(OH)D levels is linked to PM2.5-10 exposure (OR: 0.840, 95%CI: 0.751-0.940) and PM2.5 absorbance (OR: 0.875, 95%CI: 0.824-0.929). No heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy existed. CONCLUSIONS The MR results suggest that PM (PM10, PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 absorbance) exposure lowers vitamin D (VD) levels, but PM2.5 was not found to have a significant effect on VD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zan Shen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hang Pei
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guanyin Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinshi Wei
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinsheng Yu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Anji County Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Bangjian He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Chen H, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Ma A, Li L, Zhao G. Iron status and sarcopenia-related traits: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9179. [PMID: 38649459 PMCID: PMC11035655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60059-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although serum iron status and sarcopenia are closely linked, the presence of comprehensive evidence to establish a causal relationship between them remains insufficient. The objective of this study is to employ Mendelian randomization techniques to clarify the association between serum iron status and sarcopenia. We conducted a bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the potential causal relationship between iron status and sarcopenia. MR analyses were performed using inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median methods. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were conducted to verify the reliability of the causal association results. Then, we harvested a combination of SNPs as an integrated proxy for iron status to perform a MVMR analysis based on IVW MVMR model. UVMR analyses based on IVW method identified causal effect of ferritin on appendicular lean mass (ALM, β = - 0.051, 95% CI - 0.072, - 0.031, p = 7.325 × 10-07). Sensitivity analyses did not detect pleiotropic effects or result fluctuation by outlying SNPs in the effect estimates of four iron status on sarcopenia-related traits. After adjusting for PA, the analysis still revealed that each standard deviation higher genetically predicted ferritin was associated with lower ALM (β = - 0.054, 95% CI - 0.092, - 0.015, p = 0.006). Further, MVMR analyses determined a predominant role of ferritin (β = - 0.068, 95% CI - 0.12, - 0.017, p = 9.658 × 10-03) in the associations of iron status with ALM. Our study revealed a causal association between serum iron status and sarcopenia, with ferritin playing a key role in this relationship. These findings contribute to our understanding of the complex interplay between iron metabolism and muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhe Wang
- School of Medicine of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anpei Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Yancheng First People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingbo Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Z, Tan J, Luo Q. Associations between breakfast skipping and outcomes in neuropsychiatric disorders, cognitive performance, and frailty: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:252. [PMID: 38566068 PMCID: PMC10988815 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05723-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have identified a correlation between breakfast skipping and a heightened risk of mental health issues. This investigation aimed to employ a Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach to explore the potential causal links between breakfast skipping and various psychiatric, neurological disorders, cognitive performance, and frailty. METHODS Utilizing data from genome-wide association studies within European demographics, this research scrutinized the association between breakfast habits and several neuropsychiatric conditions and physical health outcomes, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Bipolar Disorder (BD), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Narcolepsy, Insomnia, cognitive performance, and frailty. In this MR analysis, the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method was primarily utilized for evaluation. Outcomes were reported as Odds Ratios (OR) and regression coefficients (β), and underwent validation through False Discovery Rate (FDR) corrections, thereby offering a rigorous evaluation of the effects of breakfast habits on both mental and physical health dimensions. RESULTS Findings demonstrate a significant causal link between skipping breakfast and an increased risk of ADHD (OR = 2.74, 95%CI: 1.54-4.88, PFDR = 0.003) and MDD (OR = 1.7, 95%CI: 1.22-2.37, PFDR = 0.005). Conversely, no substantial causal associations were identified between breakfast skipping and AD, BD, narcolepsy, or insomnia (PFDR > 0.05). Moreover, a notable causal relationship was established between skipping breakfast and a reduction in cognitive performance (β = -0.16, 95%CI: -0.29-0.04, PFDR = 0.024) and an increase in frailty (β = 0.29, 95%CI: 0.12-0.45, PFDR = 0.003). CONCLUSION The MR analysis reveals that skipping breakfast is associated with an increased risk of ADHD, MDD, decreased cognitive performance, and greater frailty, while showing no associations were found with AD, BD, narcolepsy, or insomnia. These findings warrant further investigation into the underlying mechanisms and emphasize the importance of regular breakfast consumption for mental and physical well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinglan Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Pettit RW, Byun J, Han Y, Ostrom QT, Coarfa C, Bondy ML, Amos CI. Heritable Traits and Lung Cancer Risk: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1421-1435. [PMID: 37530747 PMCID: PMC10651112 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is a complex polygenic disorder. Analysis with Mendelian randomization (MR) allows for genetically predicted risks to be estimated between exposures and outcomes. METHODS We analyzed 345 heritable traits from the United Kingdom Biobank and estimated their associated effects on lung cancer outcomes using two sample MR. In addition to estimating effects with overall lung cancer, adenocarcinoma, small cell lung cancer, and squamous cell lung cancers, we performed conditional effect modeling with multivariate MR (MVMR) and the traits of alcohol use, smoking initiation, average pre-tax income, and educational attainment. RESULTS Univariate MR provided evidence for increased age at first sexual intercourse (OR, 0.55; P = 6.15 × 10-13), educational attainment (OR, 0.24; P = 1.07 × 10-19), average household income (OR, 0.58; P = 7.85 × 10-05), and alcohol usually taken with meals (OR, 0.19; P = 1.06 × 10-06) associating with decreased odds of overall lung cancer development. In contrast, a lack of additional educational attainment (OR, 8.00; P = 3.48 × 10-12), body mass index (OR, 1.28; P = 9.00 × 10-08), pack years smoking as a proportion of life span (OR, 9.93; P = 7.96 × 10-12), and weekly beer intake (OR, 3.48; P = 4.08 × 10-07) were associated with an increased risk of overall lung cancer development. CONCLUSIONS Many heritable traits associated with an increased or inverse risk of lung cancer development. Effects vary based on histologic subtype and conditional third trait exposures. IMPACT We identified several heritable traits and presented their genetically predictable impact on lung cancer development, providing valuable insights for consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowland W Pettit
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jinyoung Byun
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Younghun Han
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Quinn T Ostrom
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Melissa L Bondy
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Li M, He SX, He YX, Hu XH, Zhou Z. Detecting potential causal relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and rosacea using bi-directional Mendelian randomization. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14910. [PMID: 37689807 PMCID: PMC10492847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between rosacea and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been studied in previous observational studies. It is unclear, however, whether the association is causal or not. Independent genetic variants for IBD were chosen as instruments from published Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) studies involving 38,155 cases with an IBD diagnosis and 48,485 controls in order to investigate the causal effect of IBD on rosacea. Summarized data for rosacea were gathered from various GWAS studies that included 1195 cases and 211,139 controls without rosacea. Reverse-direction Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was done to investigate the relationship between genetically proxied rosacea and IBD. With the use of the inverse variance-weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median approaches, a 2-sample Mendelian randomization study was carried out. Analysis of heterogeneity and sensitivity was performed to examine the pleiotropy and robustness of effect estimates. The forward-direction of the MR study was to reveal that genetic predisposition to IBD including its two main subtypes: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) was associated with an increased risk of rosacea. The reverse-direction MR analyses did not demonstrate that a genetic predisposition to rosacea was associated with total IBD, UC and CD. Our findings provided evidence for a causal impact of IBD, UC, and CD on rosacea, but not vice versa. The elevated incidence of rosacea in patients with IBD should be recognized by doctors to make an early diagnosis and initiate specialized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Dermatology, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Si Xian He
- Department of Dermatology, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Xiong He
- Department of Dermatology, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Han Hu
- Department of Dermatology, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China.
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11
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Shi C, Liu X, Xie Z, Sun H, Hao C, Xue D, Meng X. Lifestyle factors and the risk of gallstones: results from the national health and nutrition examination survey 2018-2020 and mendelian randomization analysis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:1021-1029. [PMID: 37021459 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2197093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the relationship between lifestyle and gallstones. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed an observational study using the 2018-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Univariate and multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the correlations between lifestyle factors and gallstone risk. Second, Mendelian randomization (MR) was applied to decrease the causal relationship between lifestyle factors and gallstones. RESULTS This observational study enrolled 11,970 individuals. The risk of gallstones was found to increase with increased sitting time (odds ratio (OR) 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.05, p = 0.02). In contrast, the risk of gallstones was found to decrease with recreational activity (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.29-0.87, p = 0.02). The results of the MR also showed that time spent watching television (OR 1.646; 95% CI 1.161-2.333, p = 0.005) and physical activity (OR 0.953, 95% CI 0.924-0.988, p = 0.003) remained independently causally associated with gallstones. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged sitting increases the risk of gallstones, whereas recreational activity reduces the risk. These findings need to be verified in further prospective cohort studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuxu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haijun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chenjun Hao
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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12
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Zhang W, Ge J, Qu Z, Wu W, Lei H, Pan H, Chen H. Evaluation for causal effects of socioeconomic traits on risk of female genital prolapse (FGP): a multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:125. [PMID: 37296408 PMCID: PMC10251634 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although observational studies have established some socioeconomic traits to be independent risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse (POP), they can not infer causality since they are easily biased by confounding factors and reverse causality. Moreover, it remains ambiguous which one or several of socioeconomic traits play predominant roles in the associations with POP risk. Mendelian randomization (MR) overcomes these biases and can even determine one or several socioeconomic traits predominantly accounting for the associations. OBJECTIVE We conducted a multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analysis to disentangle whether one or more of five categories of socioeconomic traits, "age at which full-time education completed (abbreviated as "EA")", "job involving heavy manual or physical work ("heavy work")", "average total household income before tax (income)", "Townsend deprivation index at recruitment (TDI)", and "leisure/social activities" exerted independent and predominant effects on POP risk. METHODS We first screened single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as proxies for five individual socioeconomic traits and female genital prolapse (FGP, approximate surrogate for POP due to no GWASs for POP) to conduct Univariable Mendelian randomization (UVMR) analyses to estimate causal associations of five socioeconomic traits with FGP risk using IVW method as major analysis. Additionally, we conducted heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and sensitivity analysis to assess the robustness of our results. Then, we harvested a combination of SNPs as an integrated proxy for the five socioeconomic traits to perform a MVMR analysis based on IVW MVMR model. RESULTS UVMR analyses based on IVW method identified causal effect of EA (OR 0.759, 95%CI 0.629-0.916, p = 0.004), but denied that of the other five traits on FGP risk (all p > 0.05). Heterogeneity analyses, pleiotropy analyses, "leave-one-out" sensitivity analyses and MR-PRESSO adjustments did not detect heterogeneity, pleiotropic effects, or result fluctuation by outlying SNPs in the effect estimates of six socioeconomic traits on FGP risk (all p > 0.05). Further, MVMR analyses determined a predominant role of EA playing in the associations of socioeconomic traits with FGP risk based on both MVMR Model 1 (OR 0.842, 95%CI 0.744-0.953, p = 0.006) and Model 2 (OR 0.857, 95%CI 0.759-0.967, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION Our UVMR and MVMR analyses provided genetic evidence that one socioeconomic trait, lower educational attainment, is associated with risk of female genital prolapse, and even independently and predominantly accounts for the associations of socioeconomic traits with risk of female genital prolapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ge
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Qu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Lei
- Department of Tuberculosis, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Pan
- Department of Tuberculosis, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Honggu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Mendoza-Cano O, Murillo-Zamora E, Ochoa-Martínez ÁC, Mendoza-Olivo VA, Ríos-Silva M, Trujillo X, Huerta M, Bricio-Barrios JA, Benites-Godínez V, González-Curiel I, Pérez-Rodríguez RY, Pelallo-Martínez NA, Lugo-Radillo A. Insight into the Burden of Malignant Respiratory Tumors and their Relationship with Smoking Rates and Lead Contamination in Mexico. TOXICS 2022; 10:708. [PMID: 36422916 PMCID: PMC9699460 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to report the results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 related to respiratory malignant tumors (tracheal, bronchial, and lung) in Mexico. We also evaluated the relationship between the burden of these neoplasms and the proportion of daily smokers and total lead emissions in 2019. A cross-sectional analysis of ecological data was performed. The burden of these tumors was 152,189 disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and years of life lost (YLL) contributed to 99% of them. The highest DALYs rates (per 100,000) were observed in the states of Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Baja California Sur, Sonora, and Nayarit. We documented a linear relationship between the DALYs rates and the prevalence of daily smokers (β = 8.50, 95% CI 1.58-15.38) and the total lead emissions (tons/year: β = 4.04, 95% CI 0.07-8.01). If later replicated, our study would provide insight into the major relevance of regulating tobacco use and the activities associated with the production of lead dust and other hazardous contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Mendoza-Cano
- Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Colima, km. 9 Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Coquimatlán C.P. 28400, Colima, Mexico
| | - Efrén Murillo-Zamora
- Departamento de Epidemiología, Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 19, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Javier Mina 301, Col. Centro, Colima C.P. 28000, Colima, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Col. Las Víboras, Colima C.P. 28040, Colima, Mexico
| | - Ángeles Catalina Ochoa-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación Para La Innovación y Aplicación de La Ciencia y La Tecnología (CIACyT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Col. Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí C.P. 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Venustiano Carranza 2405, Col. Lomas los Filtros, San Luis Potosí C.P. 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Valeria Argentina Mendoza-Olivo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, km. 9 Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Coquimatlán C.P. 28400, Colima, Mexico
| | - Mónica Ríos-Silva
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima—CONACyT, Av. 25 de Julio 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, Colima C.P. 28045, Colima, Mexico
| | - Xóchitl Trujillo
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, Colima C.P. 28045, Colima, Mexico
| | - Miguel Huerta
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, Colima C.P. 28045, Colima, Mexico
| | - Jaime Alberto Bricio-Barrios
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Col. Las Víboras, Colima C.P. 28040, Colima, Mexico
| | - Verónica Benites-Godínez
- Coordinación de Educación en Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Calzada del Ejercito Nacional 14, Col. Fray Junípero Serra, Tepic C.P. 63160, Nayarit, Mexico
- Unidad Académica de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura Amado Nervo, Tepic C.P. 631555, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Irma González-Curiel
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Campus UAZ, Siglo XXI. Carr. Zacatecas-Guadalajara Km. 6., Zacatecas C.P. 98160, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Yasmín Pérez-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry, DCNE, University of Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Guanajuato C.P. 36700, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Nadia Azenet Pelallo-Martínez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Colima, km. 9 Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Coquimatlán C.P. 28400, Colima, Mexico
| | - Agustín Lugo-Radillo
- CONACYT—Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca C.P. 68020, Oaxaca, Mexico
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Zhao H, Wu S, Luo Z, Liu H, Sun J, Jin X. The association between circulating docosahexaenoic acid and lung cancer: A Mendelian randomization study. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2529-2536. [PMID: 36223714 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with a high incidence, it is vital to identify modifiable and avoidable risk factors for primary prevention, which can significantly lower the risk of cancer by preventing exposure to hazards and altering risky behavior. Some observational studies suggest that an increase in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) consumption can reduce lung cancer risk. However, interpretation of these observational findings is difficult due to residual confounding or reverse causality. To evaluate the link between DHA and lung cancer, we have undertaken this analysis to examine the causal association between DHA and the risk of lung cancer using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) framework. METHODS We performed a two-sample MR analysis to evaluate the causal effect of plasma DHA levels on lung cancer risk. For the exposure data, we extracted genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs) that are strongly associated with DHA from a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS). We obtained the corresponding effect estimates for IVs on the risk of lung cancer with 11,348 cases and 15,861 controls. Finally, we applied Mendelian randomization analysis to obtain preliminary MR results and performed sensitivity analyses to verify the robustness of our results. RESULTS According to the primary MR estimates and further sensitivity analyses, a higher serum DHA level was associated with a higher risk of lung cancer [OR = 1.159, 95% CI (1.04-1.30), P = 0.01]. For lung adenocarcinoma, the results also showed a close correlation between the DHA level and lung adenocarcinoma [OR = 1.277, 95% CI (1.09-1.50), P = 0.003], but it was not statistically significant for squamous cell carcinoma [OR = 1.071, 95% CI (0.89-1.29), P = 0.467]. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that plasma DHA is positively associated with the risk of lung cancer overall, especially for lung adenocarcinoma. This study provides new information to develop dietary guidelines for primary lung cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China; China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghuadong Road, Beijing 100029, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Shengnan Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, China
| | - Zhenkai Luo
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hailong Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, China
| | - Junwei Sun
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Xiaolin Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, China; Department of International Physical Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, China.
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15
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Zhang S, Zhang W, Feng Y, Wan S, Ge J, Qu Z, Li X. Causal relationship between insomnia and tuberculosis: A bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30509. [PMID: 36123897 PMCID: PMC10662851 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous observational studies appear to have established a bi-directional association between sleep disorders and tuberculosis. However, their conclusions are prone to be biased by confounding effects and reverse causation due to the nature of observational studies. Mendelian randomization (MR) approach provides unconfounded estimates of causal effects and overcomes the limitations of observational studies. We performed a bi-directional MR analysis to clarify whether there existed a causal effect of insomnia on tuberculosis, or tuberculosis on insomnia. In forward-direction MR, we chose genome-wide significant (P < .5 × 10-8) and independent (r2 < 0.001) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variants (IVs), then extracted effect estimates of these IVs in tuberculosis genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset to explore causal effect of genetically proxied insomnia on tuberculosis using inverse variance-weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median methods. Additionally, we examined robustness and pleiotropy of effect estimates by heterogeneity and sensitivity analysis. Similarly, we investigated causal effect of genetically proxied tuberculosis on insomnia in reverse-direction MR. We revealed no causal relationship between genetically proxied insomnia and tuberculosis using 15 SNPs in forward-direction MR (IVW OR 5.305 [0.100-281.341], P = .410) and reverse-direction MR analysis (ORs and P values were not applicable due to no eligible SNPs in GWAS), with insignificant heterogeneity (Q = 22.6, I2 < 0.001, P = .066) and pleiotropy (intercept = 0.032, SE = 0.057, P = .592) in effect estimates. Our bi-directional MR analysis affirms no causal effect of insomnia on tuberculosis, or tuberculosis on insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Tuberculosis, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqian Wan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Ge
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaohui Qu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Surgery, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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16
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Korhonen T, Hjelmborg J, Harris JR, Clemmensen S, Adami HO, Kaprio J. Cancer in twin pairs discordant for smoking: The Nordic Twin Study of Cancer. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:33-43. [PMID: 35143046 PMCID: PMC9304125 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The discordant twin pair study design is powerful to control for familial confounding. We employed this approach to investigate the associations of smoking with several cancers. The NorTwinCan study combines data from the Danish, Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish twin and cancer registries. Follow‐up started when smoking status was determined and ended at cancer diagnosis confirmed by information in the cancer registry, death or end of follow‐up. We classified the participants as never (n = 59 093), former (n = 21 168) or current (n = 47 314) smokers. We pooled data from twin pairs where one co‐twin was diagnosed with any of the following tobacco‐related cancers: esophagus, kidney, larynx, liver, oral cavity, pancreas, pharynx or urinary bladder, while their co‐twin had none of those. Lung cancer was included in further analysis. We used Cox regression allowing for pair‐specific baseline functions to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For tobacco‐related cancer sites, we recorded 7379 cases during median 27 years of follow‐up. The analyses based on individual twins showed that former (HR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.17‐1.48) and current (HR 2.14 [1.95‐2.34]) smokers are at increased risk to develop one of cancers listed above, compared to never smokers. Among 109 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for cancer and smoking, the HR was 1.85 (95% CI: 1.15‐2.98) among current smokers and 1.69 (1.00‐2.87) among former smokers when compared to their never smoking co‐twin. Thus, associations of smoking with several cancers were replicated for discordant identical twin pairs. Analyses based on genetically informative data provide evidence consistent with smoking causing multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tellervo Korhonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jacob Hjelmborg
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark.,Denmark and the Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jennifer R Harris
- Center for Fertility and Health, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Signe Clemmensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark.,Denmark and the Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Effectiveness Group, Institute of Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Zhao H, Jin X. Causal associations between dietary antioxidant vitamin intake and lung cancer: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:965911. [PMID: 36118777 PMCID: PMC9479338 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.965911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is currently considered to be closely related to the occurrence of respiratory tumors, especially lung cancer. Many observational studies have shown that increased antioxidant intake can reduce the risk of lung cancer, but the results are still controversial. Therefore, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomized (MR) analysis to clarify the causal relationship between antioxidant vitamins and lung cancer. Methods To assess the causal effect of dietary antioxidant vitamin intake on lung cancer, we conducted a two-sample MR analysis and we extracted single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with antioxidants from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of the UK biobank. We gathered summary data for lung cancer from the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO), including 11,348 cases and 15,861 controls, and applied the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary MR analysis, and performed a sensitivity analysis to verify the results. Results The results showed that higher dietary retinol intake was causally associated with lung cancer overall [odds ratio (OR) = 1.844, 95% CI, 1.359-2.502, p = 0.00009], squamous cell lung cancer (OR = 2.162, 95% CI, 1.117-4.183, p = 0.022), and lung adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.706, 95% CI, 1.084-2.685, p = 0.021). Additionally, carotene was positively correlated with lung adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.510, 95% CI, 1.002-2.276, p = 0.049). However, there was a non-significant relationship between the intake of other dietary antioxidants (vitamin C and vitamin E) and lung cancer. Conclusion Our research showed that dietary retinol intake has an adverse impact on lung cancer, and carotene might increase the risk of adenocarcinoma. This highlights the importance of revealing the underlying mechanisms of dietary antioxidant vitamins in lung cancer and delivers an important health message that dietary antioxidant vitamin intake may not be necessary for the prevention of lung cancer. It also provides a basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Jin
- Department of International Physical Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, China
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18
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Ding J, Tu Z, Chen H, Liu Z. Identifying modifiable risk factors of lung cancer: Indications from Mendelian randomization. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258498. [PMID: 34662362 PMCID: PMC8523078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the major cause of mortality in tumor patients. While its incidence rate has recently declined, it is still far from satisfactory and its potential modifiable risk factors should be explored. Methods We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causal relationship between potentially modifiable risk factors (namely smoking behavior, alcohol intake, anthropometric traits, blood pressure, lipidemic traits, glycemic traits, and fasting insulin) and lung cancer. Besides, a bi-directional MR analysis was carried out to disentangle the complex relationship between different risk factors. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was utilized to combine the estimation for each SNP. Cochrane’s Q value was used to evaluate heterogeneity and two methods, including MR-Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO, were adopted to detect horizontal pleiotropy. Results Three kinds of smoking behavior were all causally associated with lung cancer. Overall, smokers were more likely to suffer from lung cancer compared with non-smokers (OR = 2.58 [1.95, 3.40], p-value = 2.07 x 10−11), and quitting smoking could reduce the risk (OR = 4.29[2.60, 7.07], p-value = 1.23 x 10−8). Furthermore, we found a dose-response relationship between the number of cigarettes and lung cancer (OR = 6.10 [5.35, 6.96], p-value = 4.43x10-161). Lower HDL cholesterol could marginally increase the risk of lung cancer, but become insignificant after Bonferroni correction (OR = 0.82 [0.68, 1.00], p-value = 0.045). In addition, we noted no direct causal relationship between other risk factors and lung cancer. Neither heterogeneity nor pleiotropy was observed in this study. However, when treating the smoking behavior as the outcome, we found the increased BMI could elevate the number of cigarettes per day (beta = 0.139[0.104, 0.175], p-value = 1.99x10-14) and a similar effect was observed for the waist circumference and hip circumference. Additionally, the elevation of SBP could also marginally increase the number of cigarettes per day (beta = 0.001 [0.0002, 0.002], p-value = 0.018). Conclusion Smoking behavior might be the most direct and effective modifiable way to reduce the risk of lung cancer. Meanwhile, smoking behavior can be affected by other risk factors, especially obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Cancer Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenxing Tu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tangshan, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hongquan Chen
- Department of Bone Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail:
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