1
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Xu K, Jiang P, Chen Z, Gu X, Zhang T. ADAM22 acts as a novel predictive biomarker for unfavorable prognosis and facilitates metastasis via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155264. [PMID: 38518731 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a type of epithelial malignancy known for its high likelihood of metastasizing to distant organs, which remains the primary obstacle in the treatment of NPC. The present study aimed to identify potential intervention target for NPC metastasis. METHODS The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were firstly analyzed and intersected across various NPC related datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Subsequently, various techniques including quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting, immunohistochemistry, migration and invasion assays, in conjunction with bioinformatics and prognostic modeling, were utilized to elucidate the role of candidate genes in NPC metastasis. RESULTS We discerned the gene a disintegrin and metalloprotease 22 (ADAM22) as a distinct and significant factor in the progression and metastasis of NPC through five datasets. The elevated expression of ADAM22 was observed in clinical tissue and plasma samples with advanced NPC, as well as in high metastatic cells. Furthermore, we highlighted its essential role in a prognostic model that demonstrated strong prediction performance for NPC. Notably, overexpression of ADAM22 was found to enhance the aggressiveness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of low metastatic NPC cells, whereas the downregulation of ADAM22 resulted in suppressed effect in high metastatic cells. Delving into the mechanism, ADAM22 activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through the mediation of Rac Family Small GTPase 2 (RAC2), thereby facilitating EMT and metastasis in NPC. CONCLUSIONS The study provided pioneering insights that ADAM22 had the potential to act as an oncogene by promoting EMT and metastasis of NPC through the RAC2-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Thus, ADAM22 could serve as a novel prognostic indicator in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiong Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Zui Chen
- Department of Oncology, the Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China.
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2
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Yip PL, You R, Chen MY, Chua MLK. Embracing Personalized Strategies in Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Beyond the Conventional Bounds of Fields and Borders. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:383. [PMID: 38254872 PMCID: PMC10814653 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the primary treatment modality for non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) across all TN-stages. Locoregional control rates have been impressive even from the 2D radiotherapy (RT) era, except when the ability to deliver optimal dose coverage to the tumor is compromised. However, short- and long-term complications following head and neck RT are potentially debilitating, and thus, there has been much research investigating technological advances in RT delivery over the past decades, with the primary goal of limiting normal tissue damage. On this note, with a plateau in gains of therapeutic ratio by modern RT techniques, future advances have to be focused on individualization of RT, both in terms of dose prescription and the delineation of target volumes. In this review, we analyzed the guidelines and evidence related to contouring methods, and dose prescription for early and locoregionally advanced (LA-) NPC. Next, with the preference for induction chemotherapy (IC) in patients with LA-NPC, we assessed the evidence concerning radiotherapy adaptations guided by IC response, as well as functional imaging and contour changes during treatment. Finally, we discussed on RT individualization that is guided by EBV DNA assessment, and its importance in the era of combinatorial immune checkpoint blockade therapy with RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Lam Yip
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
| | - Rui You
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (R.Y.); (M.-Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Chen
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (R.Y.); (M.-Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Cooperative Surgical Ward of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Faifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Melvin L. K. Chua
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Blvd, Singapore 168583, Singapore
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Blvd, Singapore 168583, Singapore
- Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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3
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Helderman NC, Terlouw D, Bonjoch L, Golubicki M, Antelo M, Morreau H, van Wezel T, Castellví-Bel S, Goldberg Y, Nielsen M. Molecular functions of MCM8 and MCM9 and their associated pathologies. iScience 2023; 26:106737. [PMID: 37378315 PMCID: PMC10291252 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Minichromosome Maintenance 8 Homologous Recombination Repair Factor (MCM8) and Minichromosome Maintenance 9 Homologous Recombination Repair Factor (MCM9) are recently discovered minichromosome maintenance proteins and are implicated in multiple DNA-related processes and pathologies, including DNA replication (initiation), meiosis, homologous recombination and mismatch repair. Consistent with these molecular functions, variants of MCM8/MCM9 may predispose carriers to disorders such as infertility and cancer and should therefore be included in relevant diagnostic testing. In this overview of the (patho)physiological functions of MCM8 and MCM9 and the phenotype of MCM8/MCM9 variant carriers, we explore the potential clinical implications of MCM8/MCM9 variant carriership and highlight important future directions of MCM8 and MCM9 research. With this review, we hope to contribute to better MCM8/MCM9 variant carrier management and the potential utilization of MCM8 and MCM9 in other facets of scientific research and medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diantha Terlouw
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Laia Bonjoch
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariano Golubicki
- Oncology Section and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hospital of Gastroenterology "Dr. C.B. Udaondo", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Antelo
- Oncology Section and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hospital of Gastroenterology "Dr. C.B. Udaondo", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yael Goldberg
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Maartje Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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4
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Maurer-Morelli CV, de Vasconcellos JF, Bruxel EM, Rocha CS, do Canto AM, Tedeschi H, Yasuda CL, Cendes F, Lopes-Cendes I. Gene expression profile suggests different mechanisms underlying sporadic and familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:2233-2250. [PMID: 36259630 PMCID: PMC9899983 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221126666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Most patients with pharmacoresistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) have hippocampal sclerosis on the postoperative histopathological examination. Although most patients with MTLE do not refer to a family history of the disease, familial forms of MTLE have been reported. We studied surgical specimens from patients with MTLE who had epilepsy surgery for medically intractable seizures. We assessed and compared gene expression profiles of the tissue lesion found in patients with familial MTLE (n = 3) and sporadic MTLE (n = 5). In addition, we used data from control hippocampi obtained from a public database (n = 7). We obtained expression profiles using the Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 (Affymetrix) microarray platform. Overall, the molecular profile identified in familial MTLE differed from that in sporadic MTLE. In the tissue of patients with familial MTLE, we found an over-representation of the biological pathways related to protein response, mRNA processing, and synaptic plasticity and function. In sporadic MTLE, the gene expression profile suggests that the inflammatory response is highly activated. In addition, we found enrichment of gene sets involved in inflammatory cytokines and mediators and chemokine receptor pathways in both groups. However, in sporadic MTLE, we also found enrichment of epidermal growth factor signaling, prostaglandin synthesis and regulation, and microglia pathogen phagocytosis pathways. Furthermore, based on the gene expression signatures, we identified different potential compounds to treat patients with familial and sporadic MTLE. To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the mRNA profile in surgical tissue obtained from patients with familial MTLE and comparing it with sporadic MTLE. Our results clearly show that, despite phenotypic similarities, both forms of MTLE present distinct molecular signatures, thus suggesting different underlying molecular mechanisms that may require distinct therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia V Maurer-Morelli
- Department of Translational Medicine,
School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-888,
Brazil,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and
Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas 13083-888, Brazil
| | - Jaira F de Vasconcellos
- Department of Translational Medicine,
School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-888,
Brazil,Department of Biology, James Madison
University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Estela M Bruxel
- Department of Translational Medicine,
School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-888,
Brazil,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and
Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas 13083-888, Brazil
| | - Cristiane S Rocha
- Department of Translational Medicine,
School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-888,
Brazil,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and
Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas 13083-888, Brazil
| | - Amanda M do Canto
- Department of Translational Medicine,
School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-888,
Brazil,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and
Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas 13083-888, Brazil
| | - Helder Tedeschi
- Department of Neurology, School of
Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Clarissa L Yasuda
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and
Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas 13083-888, Brazil,Department of Neurology, School of
Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Fernando Cendes
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and
Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas 13083-888, Brazil,Department of Neurology, School of
Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Translational Medicine,
School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-888,
Brazil,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and
Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas 13083-888, Brazil,Iscia Lopes-Cendes.
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5
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Biological Mechanisms to Reduce Radioresistance and Increase the Efficacy of Radiotherapy: State of the Art. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810211. [PMID: 36142122 PMCID: PMC9499172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment with ionizing radiation (IR) is a well-established and effective clinical method to fight different types of tumors and is a palliative treatment to cure metastatic stages. Approximately half of all cancer patients undergo radiotherapy (RT) according to clinical protocols that employ two types of ionizing radiation: sparsely IR (i.e., X-rays) and densely IR (i.e., protons). Most cancer cells irradiated with therapeutic doses exhibit radio-induced cytotoxicity in terms of cell proliferation arrest and cell death by apoptosis. Nevertheless, despite the more tailored advances in RT protocols in the last few years, several tumors show a relatively high percentage of RT failure and tumor relapse due to their radioresistance. To counteract this extremely complex phenomenon and improve clinical protocols, several factors associated with radioresistance, of both a molecular and cellular nature, must be considered. Tumor genetics/epigenetics, tumor microenvironment, tumor metabolism, and the presence of non-malignant cells (i.e., fibroblast-associated cancer cells, macrophage-associated cancer cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, endothelial cells, cancer stem cells) are the main factors important in determining the tumor response to IR. Here, we attempt to provide an overview of how such factors can be taken advantage of in clinical strategies targeting radioresistant tumors.
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6
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Expression profile of radiotherapy sensitive genes and tumor-associated immune cell infiltration and prognosis in multiple human cancers. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Yao W, Li S, Liu R, Jiang M, Gao L, Lu Y, Liang X, Zhang H. Long non-coding RNA PVT1: A promising chemotherapy and radiotherapy sensitizer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:959208. [PMID: 35965522 PMCID: PMC9373174 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.959208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) PVT1 was first found to activate variant translocations in the plasmacytoma of mice. Human lncPVT1 is located on chromosome 8q24.21, at the same locus as the well-known MYC oncogene. LncPVT1 has been found to promote the progression of various malignancies. Chemoresistance and radioresistance seriously affect tumor treatment efficacy and are associated with the dysregulation of physiological processes in cancer cells, including apoptosis, autophagy, stemness (for cancer stem cells, CSC), hypoxia, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and DNA damage repair. Previous studies have also implicated lncPVT1 in the regulation of these physiological mechanisms. In recent years, lncPVT1 was found to modulate chemoresistance and radioresistance in some cancers. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of lncPVT1-mediated regulation of cellular chemoresistance and radioresistance. Due to its high expression in malignant tumors and sensitization effect in chemotherapy and radiotherapy, lncPVT1 is expected to become an effective antitumor target and chemotherapy and radiotherapy sensitizer, which requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Yao
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Graduate Department, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyun Jiang
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Lu
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Liang
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haibo Zhang, zhbdoctor @163.com; Xiaodong Liang,
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haibo Zhang, zhbdoctor @163.com; Xiaodong Liang,
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8
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Sun Z, Wang X, Wang J, Wang J, Liu X, Huang R, Chen C, Deng M, Wang H, Han F. Key radioresistance regulation models and marker genes identified by integrated transcriptome analysis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Med 2021; 10:7404-7417. [PMID: 34432380 PMCID: PMC8525106 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy that is endemic to China and Southeast Asia. Radiotherapy is the usual treatment, however, radioresistance remains a major reason for failure. This study aimed to find key radioresistance regulation models and marker genes of NPC and clarify the mechanism of NPC radioresistance by RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of the differences in gene expression profiles between radioresistant and radiosensitive NPC tissues. A total of 21 NPC biopsy specimens with different radiosensitivity were analyzed by RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes in RNA sequencing data were identified using R software. The differentially expressed gene data derived from RNA sequencing as well as prior knowledge in the form of pathway databases were integrated to find sub‐networks of related genes. The data of RNA sequencing with the GSE48501 data from the GEO database were combined to further search for more reliable genes associated with radioresistance of NPC. Survival analyses using the Kaplan–Meier method based on the expression of the genes were conducted to facilitate the understanding of the clinical significance of the differentially expressed genes. RT‐qPCR was performed to validate the expression levels of the differentially expressed genes. We identified 1182 differentially expressed genes between radioresistant and radiosensitive NPC tissue samples. Compared to the radiosensitive group, 22 genes were significantly upregulated and 1160 genes were downregulated in the radioresistant group. In addition, 10 major NPC radiation resistance network models were identified through integration analysis with known NPC radiation resistance‐associated genes and mechanisms. Furthermore, we identified three core genes, DOCK4, MCM9, and POPDC3 among 12 common downregulated genes in the two datasets, which were validated by RT‐qPCR. The findings of this study provide new clues for clarifying the mechanism of NPC radioresistance, and further experimental studies of these core genes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Runda Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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