HIVEP3 cooperates with ferroptosis gene signatures to confer adverse prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia

Ferroptosis, from the virus point of view: opportunities and challenges

Ferroptosis is a new type of cell death, which is mainly dependent on the formation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides mediated by iron. It is distinct from other forms of regulation of cell death in morphology, immunology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. Various cell death mechanisms have been observed in many viral infections, and virus-induced cell death has long been considered as a double-edged sword that can inhibit or aggravate viral infections. However, understanding of the role of ferroptosis in various viral infections is limited. Special attention will be paid to the mechanisms of ferroptosis in mediating viral infection and antiviral treatment associated with ferroptosis. In this paper, we outlined the mechanism of ferroptosis. Additionally, this paper also review research on ferroptosis from the perspective of the virus, discussed the research status of ferroptosis in virus infection and classified and summarized research on the interaction between viral infections and ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis: Potential therapeutic targets and prognostic predictions for acute myeloid leukemia (Review)

Ferroptosis is a relatively recently discovered type of regulated cell death that is induced by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. The key contributing factors to ferroptosis are the loss of glutathione peroxidase 4 which is required for reversing lipid peroxidation, the buildup of redox-active iron and the oxidation of phospholipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. Ferroptosis has been associated with a number of diseases, including cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, acute renal damage and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease, and there may be an association between ferroptosis and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The present review aims to describe the primary regulatory pathways of ferroptosis, and the relationship between ferroptosis and the occurrence and development of AML. Furthermore, the present review comprehensively summarizes the latest advances in the treatment and prognosis of ferroptosis in AML.

Potential applications of ferroptosis inducers and regulatory molecules in hematological malignancy therapy

Ferroptosis, a novel form of iron-dependent cell death, has emerged as a potential avenue for promoting tumor cell death by causing cell membrane rupture and the accumulation of lipid peroxides (LPO) in the cell. Since its discovery in 2012, extensive research has been conducted to explore the mechanism of ferroptosis inducers, including erastin, sulfasalazine, and sorafenib. These compounds inhibit system XC-, while Ras-selective lethal small molecule 3 (RSL3) and FION2 specifically target GPX4 to promote ferroptosis. Therefore, targeting ferroptosis presents a promising therapeutic approach for malignant tumors. While the study of ferroptosis in solid tumors has made significant progress, there is limited information available on its role in hematological tumors. This review aims to summarize the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis inducers and discuss their clinical applications in hematological malignancies. Furthermore, the identification of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and genes that regulate key molecules in the ferroptosis pathway could provide new targets and establish a molecular theoretical foundation for exploring novel ferroptosis inducers in hematological malignancies.

Molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its roles in leukemia

Cell death is a complex process required to maintain homeostasis and occurs when cells are damage or reach end of life. As research progresses, it is apparent that necrosis and apoptosis do not fully explain the whole phenomenon of cell death. Therefore, new death modalities such as autophagic cell death, and ferroptosis have been proposed. In recent years, ferroptosis, a new type of non-apoptotic cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, has been receiving increasing attention. Ferroptosis can be involved in the pathological processes of many disorders, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, nervous system diseases, and blood diseases. However, the specific mechanisms by which ferroptosis participates in the occurrence and development of leukemia still need to be more fully and deeply studied. In this review, we present the research progress on the mechanism of ferroptosis and its role in leukemia, to provide new theoretical basis and strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of clinical hematological diseases.

Transmembrane protein 147, as a potential Sorafenib target, could expedite cell cycle process and confer adverse prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma

TMEM147 was identified as a core component of ribosome-bound translocon complex at ER/NE. So far, sparse studies reported its expression profiling and oncological implications in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Here we inspected TMEM147 expression levels in HCC cohorts from public databases and tumor tissues. TMEM147 was augmented at transcriptional levels (p < 0.001) and protein levels in HCC patients. A series of bioinformatics tools implemented in R studio were orchestrated in TCGA-LIHC to evaluate the prognostic significance, compile relevant gene clusters, and explore the oncological functions and therapy responses. It is suggested that TMEM147 could predict poor clinical outcomes effectively and independently (p < 0.001, HR = 2.231 for overall survival (OS) vs. p = 0.04, HR = 2.296 for disease-specific survival), and was related to risk factors including advanced histologic tumor grade (p < 0.001), AFP level (p < 0.001) and vascular invasion (p  = 0.007). Functional enrichment analyses indicated that TMEM147 was involved in cell cycle, WNT/MAPK signaling pathways and ferroptosis. Expression profiling in HCC cell lines, mouse model, and a clinical trial revealed that TMEM147 was a considerable target and marker for adjuvant therapy in vitro and in vivo. Subsequentially, in vitro wet-lab experimentation authenticated that TMEM147 would be downregulated by Sorafenib administration in hepatoma cells. Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of TMEM147 could promote cell cycle progression from S phase into G2/M phase, and enhance cell proliferation, thus attenuating drug efficacy and sensitivity of Sorafenib. Further explorations into TMEM147 may inspire a fresh perspective to predict clinical outcomes and improve therapeutic efficacy for HCC patients.

Ferroptosis in acute leukemia

ABSTRACT

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death pathway that is different from apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis. The main characteristics of ferroptosis are the Fenton reaction mediated by intracellular free divalent iron ions, lipid peroxidation of cell membrane lipids, and inhibition of the anti-lipid peroxidation activity of intracellular glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis can be involved in the pathological processes of many disorders, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, nervous system diseases, and blood diseases. However, the specific mechanisms by which ferroptosis participates in the occurrence and development of acute leukemia still need to be more fully and deeply studied. This article reviews the characteristics of ferroptosis and the regulatory mechanisms promoting or inhibiting ferroptosis. More importantly, it further discusses the role of ferroptosis in acute leukemia and predicts a change in treatment strategy brought about by increased knowledge of the role of ferroptosis in acute leukemia.

Targeting regulated cell death pathways in acute myeloid leukemia

The use of the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax has transformed the management of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. By triggering intrinsic apoptosis, the drug is an excellent illustration of how our greater understanding of molecular cell death pathways can be translated into the clinic. Nevertheless, most venetoclax-treated patients will relapse, suggesting the need to target additional regulated cell death pathways. To highlight advances in this strategy, we review the recognized regulated cell death pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis and autophagy. Next, we detail the therapeutic opportunities to trigger regulated cell death in AML. Finally, we describe the main drug discovery challenges for regulated cell death inducers and their translation into clinical trials. A better knowledge of the molecular pathways regulating cell death represents a promising strategy to develop new drugs to cure resistant or refractory AML patients, particularly those resistant to intrinsic apoptosis.

Recent advances in research of modes of hepatocyte death in anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury

Antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATB-DILI) is the most common and most serious side effect of antituberculous drug therapy, which brings great challenges to drug treatment of tuberculosis. Isoniazid and rifampicin as first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs produce a variety of toxic metabolites that directly cause liver cell necrosis, and a large amount of free radicals that induce oxidative stress, leading to programmed death of liver cells such as apoptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy. Iron death is a recently discovered mode of cell death, and its role in ATB-DILI has not been fully elucidated. Blocking the pathway of hepatocyte death is an important means to treat ATB-DILI. In this paper, we discuss the mechanism and characteristics of different cell death modes in order to help identify new diagnostic markers and therapeutic drug targets.