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Jabbarzadeh Kaboli P, Chen HF, Babaeizad A, Roustai Geraylow K, Yamaguchi H, Hung MC. Unlocking c-MET: A comprehensive journey into targeted therapies for breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216780. [PMID: 38462033 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, posing a formidable health challenge worldwide. In this complex landscape, the c-MET (cellular-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), also recognized as the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor (HGFR), emerges as a prominent protagonist, displaying overexpression in nearly 50% of breast cancer cases. Activation of c-MET by its ligand, HGF, secreted by neighboring mesenchymal cells, contributes to a cascade of tumorigenic processes, including cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. While c-MET inhibitors such as crizotinib, capmatinib, tepotinib and cabozantinib have garnered FDA approval for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), their potential within breast cancer therapy is still undetermined. This comprehensive review embarks on a journey through structural biology, multifaceted functions, and intricate signaling pathways orchestrated by c-MET across cancer types. Furthermore, we highlight the pivotal role of c-MET-targeted therapies in breast cancer, offering a clinical perspective on this promising avenue of intervention. In this pursuit, we strive to unravel the potential of c-MET as a beacon of hope in the fight against breast cancer, unveiling new horizons for therapeutic innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Ali Babaeizad
- Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
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Nguyen Hoang TP, Nguyen TA, Tran NHB, Nguyen Hoang VA, Thi Dao HT, Tran VU, Nguyen YN, Nguyen AT, Nguyen Thi CT, Do Thi TT, Nguyen DS, Nguyen HN, Giang H, Tu LN. Analytical validation and clinical utilization of K-4CARE™: a comprehensive genomic profiling assay with personalized MRD detection. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1334808. [PMID: 38404964 PMCID: PMC10886136 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1334808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Biomarker testing has gradually become standard of care in precision oncology to help physicians select optimal treatment for patients. Compared to single-gene or small gene panel testing, comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) has emerged as a more time- and tissue-efficient method. This study demonstrated in-depth analytical validation of K-4CARE, a CGP assay that integrates circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) tracking for residual cancer surveillance. Methods: The assay utilized a panel of 473 cancer-relevant genes with a total length of 1.7 Mb. Reference standards were used to evaluate limit of detection (LOD), concordance, sensitivity, specificity and precision of the assay to detect single nucleotide variants (SNVs), small insertion/deletions (Indels), gene amplification and fusion, microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutational burden (TMB). The assay was then benchmarked against orthogonal methods using 155 clinical samples from 10 cancer types. In selected cancers, top tumor-derived somatic mutations, as ranked by our proprietary algorithm, were used to detect ctDNA in the plasma. Results: For detection of somatic SNVs and Indels, gene fusion and amplification, the assay had sensitivity of >99%, 94% and >99% respectively, and specificity of >99%. Detection of germline variants also achieved sensitivity and specificity of >99%. For TMB measurement, the correlation coefficient between whole-exome sequencing and our targeted panel was 97%. MSI analysis when benchmarked against polymerase chain reaction method showed sensitivity of 94% and specificity of >99%. The concordance between our assay and the TruSight Oncology 500 assay for detection of somatic variants, TMB and MSI measurement was 100%, 89%, and 98% respectively. When CGP-informed mutations were used to personalize ctDNA tracking, the detection rate of ctDNA in liquid biopsy was 79%, and clinical utility in cancer surveillance was demonstrated in 2 case studies. Conclusion: K-4CARE™ assay provides comprehensive and reliable genomic information that fulfills all guideline-based biomarker testing for both targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Integration of ctDNA tracking helps clinicians to further monitor treatment response and ultimately provide well-rounded care to cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien-Phuc Nguyen Hoang
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tien Anh Nguyen
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nam H. B. Tran
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Van-Anh Nguyen Hoang
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hong Thuy Thi Dao
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vu-Uyen Tran
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Yen Nhi Nguyen
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Anh Tuan Nguyen
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Cam Tu Nguyen Thi
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Duy Sinh Nguyen
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoai-Nghia Nguyen
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoa Giang
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lan N. Tu
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Yuan P, Xue X, Qiu T, Ying J. MET alterations detection platforms and clinical implications in solid tumors: a comprehensive review of literature. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2024; 16:17588359231221910. [PMID: 38249331 PMCID: PMC10798113 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231221910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
MET alterations, including MET exon 14 skipping variants, MET amplification, MET overexpression, and MET fusion, play pivotal roles in primary tumorigenesis and acquired resistance to targeted therapies, especially EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. They represent important diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in many solid tumor types. However, the detection of MET alterations is challenging due to the complexity of MET alterations and the diversity of platform technologies. Therefore, techniques with high sensitivity, specificity, and reliable molecular detection accuracy are needed to overcome such hindrances and aid in biomarker-guided therapies. The current review emphasizes the role of MET alterations as oncogenic drivers in a variety of cancers and their involvement in the development of resistance to targeted therapies. Moreover, our review provides an overview of and recommendations on the selection of various cross-platform technologies for the detection of MET exon 14 skipping variants, MET amplification, MET overexpression, and MET fusion. Furthermore, challenges and hurdles underlying these common detection platforms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yuan
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemin Xue
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Ying
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
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Sun D, Xing X, Wang Y, Hou H. MET fusions are targetable genomic variants in the treatment of advanced malignancies. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:20. [PMID: 38195556 PMCID: PMC10775437 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy for malignancies has developed rapidly in recent years, benefiting patients harboring genetic mutations sensitive to relevant tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). With the development of targeted sequencing techniques, an increasing number of detectable genomic alterations in malignancies, including MET fusions, have been revealed. MET fusions, although rare among malignancies, might be functional driver genes that participate in activating downstream signaling pathways and promoting cell proliferation. Therefore, it is believed that MET fusions could be targetable genomic variants of MET, and inhibition of MET is considered an optionable therapeutic choice for patients harboring MET fusions. According to the summary presented in this review, we recommend MET-TKIs as suitable treatment agents for patients harboring primary MET fusions. For patients harboring acquired MET fusions after the development of resistance to TKIs targeting primary genomic alterations, such as sensitive EGFR mutations, treatment with a MET-TKI alone or in combination with TKIs targeting primary genomic alterations, such as EGFR-TKIs, is hypothesized to be a reasonable option for salvage treatment. In summary, MET fusions, despite their low incidence, should be taken into consideration when developing treatment strategies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dantong Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaoming Xing
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliation Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Helei Hou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 7 Jiaxing Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
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