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Xu M, Xie W, Luo Z, Li CX, Hua Q, Xu J. Improving solubility and copy number of taxadiene synthase to enhance the titer of taxadiene in Yarrowia lipolytica. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2023; 8:331-338. [PMID: 37215159 PMCID: PMC10196790 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Taxadiene is an important precursor for the biosynthesis of highly effective anticancer drug paclitaxel, but its microbial biosynthesis yield is very low. In this study, we employed Yarrowia lipolytica as a microbial host to produce taxadiene. First, a "push-pull" strategy was adopted to increase taxadiene production by 234%. Then taxadiene synthase was fused with five solubilizing tags respectively, leading a maximum increase of 62.3% in taxadiene production when fused with SUMO. Subsequently, a multi-copy iterative integration method was used to further increase taxadiene titer, achieving the maximum titer of 23.7 mg/L in shake flask culture after three rounds of integration. Finally, the taxadiene titer was increased to 101.4 mg/L by optimization of the fed-batch fermentation conditions. This is the first report of taxadiene biosynthesis accomplished in Y. lipolytica, serving as a good example for the sustainable production of taxadiene and other terpenoids in this oleaginous yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenliang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chun-Xiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qiang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jianhe Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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2
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Hu Z, Liu X, Tian M, Ma Y, Jin B, Gao W, Cui G, Guo J, Huang L. Recent progress and new perspectives for diterpenoid biosynthesis in medicinal plants. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2971-2997. [PMID: 33938025 DOI: 10.1002/med.21816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diterpenoids, including more than 18,000 compounds, represent an important class of metabolites that encompass both phytohormones and some industrially relevant compounds. These molecules with complex, diverse structures and physiological activities, have high value in the pharmaceutical industry. Most medicinal diterpenoids are extracted from plants. Major advances in understanding the biosynthetic pathways of these active compounds are providing unprecedented opportunities for the industrial production of diterpenoids by metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. Here, we summarize recent developments in the field of diterpenoid biosynthesis from medicinal herbs. An overview of the pathways and known biosynthetic enzymes is presented. In particular, we look at the main findings from the past decade and review recent progress in the biosynthesis of different groups of ringed compounds. We also discuss diterpenoid production using synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies, and draw on new technologies and discoveries to bring together many components into a useful framework for diterpenoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Mei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baolong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical, Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mosca L, Ilari A, Fazi F, Assaraf YG, Colotti G. Taxanes in cancer treatment: Activity, chemoresistance and its overcoming. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 54:100742. [PMID: 33429249 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since 1984, when paclitaxel was approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma, taxanes have been widely used as microtubule-targeting antitumor agents. However, their historic classification as antimitotics does not describe all their functions. Indeed, taxanes act in a complex manner, altering multiple cellular oncogenic processes including mitosis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, inflammatory response, and ROS production. On the one hand, identification of the diverse effects of taxanes on oncogenic signaling pathways provides opportunities to apply these cytotoxic drugs in a more rational manner. On the other hand, this may facilitate the development of novel treatment modalities to surmount anticancer drug resistance. In the latter respect, chemoresistance remains a major impediment which limits the efficacy of antitumor chemotherapy. Taxanes have shown impact on key molecular mechanisms including disruption of mitotic spindle, mitosis slippage and inhibition of angiogenesis. Furthermore, there is an emerging contribution of cellular processes including autophagy, oxidative stress, epigenetic alterations and microRNAs deregulation to the acquisition of taxane resistance. Hence, these two lines of findings are currently promoting a more rational and efficacious taxane application as well as development of novel molecular strategies to enhance the efficacy of taxane-based cancer treatment while overcoming drug resistance. This review provides a general and comprehensive picture on the use of taxanes in cancer treatment. In particular, we describe the history of application of taxanes in anticancer therapeutics, the synthesis of the different drugs belonging to this class of cytotoxic compounds, their features and the differences between them. We further dissect the molecular mechanisms of action of taxanes and the molecular basis underlying the onset of taxane resistance. We further delineate the possible modalities to overcome chemoresistance to taxanes, such as increasing drug solubility, delivery and pharmacokinetics, overcoming microtubule alterations or mitotic slippage, inhibiting drug efflux pumps or drug metabolism, targeting redox metabolism, immune response, and other cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Dept. Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Via A. Scarpa 14-16, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Lab, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Hu YJ, Li LX, Han JC, Min L, Li CC. Recent Advances in the Total Synthesis of Natural Products Containing Eight-Membered Carbocycles (2009-2019). Chem Rev 2020; 120:5910-5953. [PMID: 32343125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural products containing eight-membered carbocycles constitute a class of structurally intriguing and biologically important molecules such as the famous diterpenes taxol and vinigrol. Such natural products are being increasingly investigated because of their fascinating architectural features and potent medicinal properties. However, synthesis of natural products with cyclooctane moieties has proved to be highly challenging. This review highlights the recently completed total syntheses of natural products with eight-membered carbocycles with a focus on strategic considerations. A collection of 27 representative studies from the literature covering the decade from 2009 to 2019 is described in chronological order with relevant studies grouped together, including syntheses of the same natural product by different research groups using different strategies. Finally, a summary and outlook including a discussion of the major features of each strategy used in the syntheses are presented. This review illustrates the diversity and creativity in the elegant synthetic designs of eight-membered carbocycles. We hope this review will provide timely illumination and beneficial guidance for future synthetic efforts for organic chemists who are interested in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jian Hu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li-Xuan Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing-Chun Han
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Long Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
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Yang L, Zheng ZS, Cheng F, Ruan X, Jiang DA, Pan CD, Wang Q. Seasonal Dynamics of Metabolites in Needles of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei. Molecules 2016; 21:E1403. [PMID: 27775631 PMCID: PMC6273852 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal variations of the phytochemicals contents in needles of T. wallichiana var. mairei due to the effects of growth meteorological parameters were investigated in this study. The needles of T. wallichiana var. mairei were collected from different months and the contents of taxoids (paclitaxel, 10-deacetylbaccatin III (10-DAB), baccatin III, cephalomannine, 10-deacetyltaxol (10-DAT)), flavones (ginkgetin, amentoflavone, quercetin) and polysaccharides were quantified by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and the resonance light scattering (RIL) method. The content of taxoids gave the highest level of 1.77 ± 0.38 mg·g-1 in January, and the lowest value of 0.61 ± 0.08 mg·g-1 in September. Unlike taxoids, the content of flavonoids was the highest in August. The content of polysaccharides reached peak value of 28.52 ± 0.57 mg·g-1 in September, which was two times higher than the lowest content of 9.39 ± 0.17 mg·g-1 in January. The contents of paclitaxel, 10-DAB, 10-DAT and polysaccharides significantly depended on meteorological parameters. The mean of minimum temperature (R = -0.61) and length of daylight (R = -0.60) were significantly correlated to 10-DAB content, while 10-DAT level showed significant correlation with length of daylight (R = -0.70) and relative humidity (R = 0.70). In addition, temperature had significantly negative effect on the content of paclitaxel and a significantly positive effect on that of polysaccharides. This study enriched the knowledge on the accumulation pattern of metabolites and could help us to determine the collecting time of T. wallichiana var. mairei for medicinal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zan-Sheng Zheng
- Ningbo Chemgoo Pharmaceutical Technology Innovation Limited, Ningbo 315112, China.
| | - Fang Cheng
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Xiao Ruan
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - De-An Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Cun-De Pan
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
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6
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Yuan C, Jin Y, Wilde NC, Baran PS. Short, Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Highly Oxidized Taxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8280-4. [PMID: 27240325 PMCID: PMC4972021 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In the realm of natural product chemistry, few isolates have risen to the level of fame justifiably accorded to Taxol (1) and its chemical siblings. This report describes the most concise route to date for accessing the highly oxidized members of this family. As representative members of taxanes containing five oxygen atoms, decinnamoyltaxinine E (2) and taxabaccatin III (3), have succumbed to enantioselective total synthesis for the first time in only 18 steps from a simple olefin starting material. The strategy holistically mimics nature's approach (two-phase synthesis) and features a carefully choreographed sequence of stereoselective oxidations and a remarkable redox-isomerization to set the key trans-diol present in 2 and 3. This work lays the critical groundwork necessary to access even higher oxidized taxanes such as 1 in a more practical fashion, thus empowering a medicinal chemistry campaign that is not wedded to semi-synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Yuan
- Dept of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yehua Jin
- Dept of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nathan C Wilde
- Dept of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Phil S Baran
- Dept of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Yuan C, Jin Y, Wilde NC, Baran PS. Short, Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Highly Oxidized Taxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Yuan
- Dept of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Yehua Jin
- Dept of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Nathan C. Wilde
- Dept of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Dept of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
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Li N, Wang J, Yan HM, Zhang ML, Shi QW, Sauriol F, Kiyota H, Dong M. Two new taxane-glycosides from the needles of Taxus canadensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2015-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Two minor taxane glycosides were isolated for the first time from the needles of Taxus canadensis. Their structures were characterized as 2α,5α-diacetoxy-10β-(6′-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy-14β-[(2′R,3′S)-3′-hydroxy-2′-methylbutanoyl]oxytaxa-4(20),11-diene (1) and 2α,14β-diacetoxy-10β-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)oxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-5β-ol (2) on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR data analysis and confirmed by high-resolution fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- HanDan People’s Hospital, 056001 Handan, Hebei Province, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017 Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Min Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017 Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, P. R. China
| | - Man-li Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017 Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, P. R. China
| | | | - Françoise Sauriol
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, K7L 3N6 Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiromasa Kiyota
- Graduate School of Environmental & Life Sciences, Okayama University, 700-8530 Okayama, Japan
| | - Mei Dong
- School Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, 050017 Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, P. R. China
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Liu Z, Zheng X, Lv J, Zhou X, Wang Q, Wen X, Liu H, Jiang J, Wang L. Pharmacokinetic synergy from the taxane extract of Taxus chinensis improves the bioavailability of paclitaxel. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:573-578. [PMID: 25981924 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd is widely distributed in China and the northern hemisphere, and the most popular medicinal component isolated from Taxus chinensis is paclitaxel (PTX), which has now become the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Oral administration of pure PTX as a potential anti-cancer agent is compromised by low bioavailability. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE In the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine, drug co-administration in the form of mixtures or formula could achieve pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic synergies. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there exist any 'inherent' phytochemical synergy from Taxus chinensis extract that could improve PTX bioavailability. STUDY DESIGN Pharmacokinetic study of PTX after oral administration of Taxus chinensis extracts or single PTX was performed. In addition, comparative cytotoxic studies were carried out on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. METHODS The plasma concentrations of PTX were determined using a validated high performance chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. The cytotoxicity was compared using the MTT assay. RESULTS Oral administration of taxane fractions isolated from Taxus chinensis (containing 17.2% PTX) could achieve remarkably higher blood concentration and systemic exposure of PTX in rats, while the retention of PTX was significantly improved. Further tissue distribution analysis revealed that the penetration of PTX into major tissues was drastically increased compared with that of single PTX. In addition, in MCF-7 cells, the co-existing components in taxane mixtures could strengthen the inhibitory effects of PTX on tumor cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Together, these results support that administration of PTX in the form of taxane mixtures may become a novel approach to improve the poor bioavailability of PTX. Moreover, the inherent synergy from Taxus chinensis taxane extracts promises a novel strategy to strengthen PTX efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, 155 HanZhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, 155 HanZhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiajia Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, 155 HanZhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, 155 HanZhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaozhou Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, 155 HanZhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingyi Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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Li Y, Qin F, Wang SM, Guo RX, Zhang YF, Gu YC, Shi QW. Chemical studies on Taxus canadensis. Chem Biodivers 2014; 10:1729-53. [PMID: 24130020 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of new taxanes, 1-93, have been isolated, together with 37 known taxoids including Taxol(®) (paclitaxel) and cephalomannine, from the Canadian yew, Taxus canadensis (Taxaceae) in the past 30 years. These new taxoids possess various skeletons containing 5/7/6, 6/10/6, 6/5/5/6, 6/8/6, and 6/12 ring systems and six new taxanes with four novel skeletons, i.e., a taxane with a 6/6/8/6 ring system, a taxane with a [3.3.3] propellane skeleton, three taxanes with [3.3.3] [3.4.5] dipropellane sytems, as well as a novel taxane with a unique 5/5/4/6/6/6 hexacyclic skeleton, containing a unique [3.3.2] propellane, were isolated for the first time from natural sources. It should be emphasized that 13-acetyl-9-dihydrobaccatin III, a very useful starting material for the semisynthesis of Taxol(®) and Taxotere(®) , represents the most abundant taxane in the needles of this yew tree. These findings establish the above mentioned yew tree as significantly different from the remaining species. On the other hand, some chemical modifications on the taxanes isolated from this plant were carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Lu, Shijiazhuang 050011, P. R. China, (phone: +86-311-66696452)
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12
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Abstract
A full account of synthetic efforts toward a lowly oxidized taxane framework is presented. A non-natural taxane, dubbed "taxadienone", was synthesized as our first entry into the taxane family of diterpenes. The final synthetic sequence illustrates a seven-step, gram-scale and enantioselective route to this tricyclic compound in 18% overall yield. This product was then modified further to give (+)-taxadiene, the lowest oxidized member of the taxane family of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ishihara
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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13
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Kite GC, Rowe ER, Veitch NC, Turner JE, Dauncey EA. Generic detection of basic taxoids in wood of European Yew (Taxus baccata) by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 915-916:21-7. [PMID: 23314400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of the cardiotoxin taxine (comprising taxine B and several other basic taxoids) in leaves of Taxus baccata L. (European yew) is well known and has led to public concerns about the safety of eating or drinking from utensils crafted from the wood of this poisonous species. The occurrence of basic taxoids in the heartwood of T. baccata had not been examined in detail, although the bark is known to contain 2'β-deacetoxyaustrospicatine. Initial examination of heartwood extracts for 2'β-deacetoxyaustrospicatine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) revealed the presence of this basic taxoid at about 0.0007% dry weight, using a standard isolated from bark. Analyses for taxine B, however, proved negative at the extract concentration analysed. Observing other basic taxoids within the heartwood extracts was facilitated by developing generic LC-MS methods that utilised a fragment arising from the N-containing acyl group of basic taxoids as a reporter ion. Of the various MS strategies available on a hybrid ion trap-orbitrap instrument that allowed observation of this reporter ion, combining all-ion collisions with high resolution ion filtering by the orbitrap was most effective, both in terms of the number of basic taxoids detected and sensitivity. Numerous basic taxoids, in addition to 2'β-deacetoxyaustrospicatine, were revealed by this method in heartwood extracts of T. baccata. Red wine readily extracted the basic taxoids from heartwood while coffee extracted them less efficiently. Contamination with basic taxoids could also be detected in soft cheese that had been spread onto wood. The generic LC-MS method for detecting basic taxoids complements specific methods for detecting taxine B when investigating yew poisoning cases in which the analysis of complex extracts may be required or taxine B has not been detected.
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Development of an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) using highly specific monoclonal antibody against paclitaxel. J Nat Med 2012; 67:512-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0708-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mendoza A, Ishihara Y, Baran PS. Scalable enantioselective total synthesis of taxanes. Nat Chem 2011; 4:21-5. [PMID: 22169867 PMCID: PMC3243931 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Taxanes are a large family of terpenes comprising over 350 members, the most famous of which is Taxol (paclitaxel) — a billion-dollar anticancer drug. Here, we describe the first practical and scalable synthetic entry to these natural products via a concise preparation of (+)-taxa-4(5),11(12)-dien-2-one, which possesses a suitable functional handle to access more oxidised members of its family. This route enabled a gram-scale preparation of the ”parent” taxane, taxadiene, representing the largest quantity of this naturally occurring terpene ever isolated or prepared in pure form. The taxane family’s characteristic 6-8-6 tricyclic system containing a bridgehead alkene is forged via a vicinal difunctionalisation/Diels–Alder strategy. Asymmetry is introduced by means of an enantioselective conjugate addition that forms an all-carbon quaternary centre, from which all other stereocentres are fixed via substrate control. This study lays a critical foundation for a planned access to minimally oxidised taxane analogs and a scalable laboratory preparation of Taxol itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
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Wang YF, Shi QW, Dong M, Kiyota H, Gu YC, Cong B. Natural Taxanes: Developments Since 1828. Chem Rev 2011; 111:7652-709. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100147u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Qing-Wen Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Hiromasa Kiyota
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology for Future Bioindustry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiya, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
- Syngenta Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Bin Cong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
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Pan ZH, Zhang ML, Wang YF, Dong M, Huo CH, Sauriol F, Shi QW, Kiyota H, Zhang YJ. The first taxane peroxide from the rooted cuttings of Taxus canadensis. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1515/hc.2011.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Wang YF, Yu SH, Dong M, Zhang ML, Huo CH, Shi QW. Chemical Studies on Taxus cuspidata. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:1698-716. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200800295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kim SY, Yun-Choi HS. A comparative optical aggregometry study of antiplatelet activity of taxanes from Taxus cuspidata. Thromb Res 2010; 125:e281-4. [PMID: 20170941 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2009.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are highly reactive components of the circulatory system. The cytoskeleton of a platelet is an important structure for platelet aggregation as stimulated by several agonists. An anticancer agent, taxol, has been suggested to exert platelet anti-aggregating activity by stabilizing microtubules during the aggregation process. An activity-guided fractionation was performed with a methanol extract of the leaves and twigs of Taxus cuspidata to isolate taxanes with platelet anti-aggregating effects. Compounds 1 to 7 - taxinine (1), taxinine A (2), taxinine B (3), 2-deacetoxytaxinine B (4), taxacin (5), taxchinin B (6), and taxol (7) - were obtained as the antiplatelet components of this plant. These taxane compounds present the possibility of securing new antiplatelet compounds which differ from currently available antiplatelet agents in chemical structure and possibly in mechanisms of action. All compounds showed stronger inhibitory effects than acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA) (IC(50): 14.4, 64.5, 35.5, 16.0, 21.9, 28.6 and 48.2 versus 63.0microM) or U46619 (IC(50): 34.8, 24.9, 36.2, 35.0, 46.9, 71.9 and 68.7 versus 340microM). Compounds 1, 3, 4 and 5, with a cinnamoyl group at the C(5) position, showed strong inhibitory effects against AA-induced aggregation compared to compound 2 (with an -OH group at C(5)) or compounds with an oxetane ring at C(4),(5), such as compounds 6 and 7. All of the seven compounds were 5-13-fold more strongly inhibitory than ASA against U46619-induced aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Wang YF, Su XH, Li LG, Wang W, Zhang ML, Huo CH, Shi QW. Verticillane Derivatives from Natural Sources. Chem Biodivers 2009; 6:1661-73. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200700430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Luh LJ, El-Razek M, Liaw CC, Chen CT, Lin YS, Kuo YH, Chien CT, Shen YC. Tri- and Bicyclic Taxoids from the Taiwanese Yew Taxus sumatrana. Helv Chim Acta 2009; 92:1349-1358. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200900022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Yang C, Wang JS, Luo JG, Kong LY. A pair of taxoids from the needles of Taxus canadensis. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2009; 11:534-8. [PMID: 20183287 DOI: 10.1080/10286020902932690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A pair of taxoids were isolated from the needles of Taxus canadensis, which were identified as 2,10-diacetyl-5(Z)-cinnamoylphototaxicin II (1), a new taxoid, and 2,10-diacetyl-5(E)-cinnamoylphototaxicin II (2), a known one, by spectroscopic methods including (1)H, (13)C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY, and mass spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Wang FS, Shi GR. Two New Taxoids from the Leaves and Stems of Taxus chinensis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:1008-10. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhang M, Dong M, Yang Y, Wu M, Huo C, Shi Q, Gu Y, Cong B. A rare 3,8-seco-taxane from the leaves of Taxus cuspidata. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhang ML, Dong M, Li XN, Li LG, Sauriol F, Huo CH, Shi QW, Gu YC, Kiyota H, Cong B. A new taxane composed of two N-formyl rotamers from Taxus canadensis. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Throughout history, natural products have afforded a rich source of compounds that have found many applications in the fields of medicine, pharmacy and biology. Within the sphere of cancer, a number of important new commercialised drugs have been obtained from natural sources, by structural modification of natural compounds, or by the synthesis of new compounds, designed following a natural compound as model. The search for improved cytotoxic agents continues to be an important line in the discovery of modern anticancer drugs. The huge structural diversity of natural compounds and their bioactivity potential have meant that several products isolated from plants, marine flora and microorganisms can serve as "lead" compounds for improvement of their therapeutic potential by molecular modification. Additionally, semisynthesis processes of new compounds, obtained by molecular modification of the functional groups of lead compounds, are able to generate structural analogues with greater pharmacological activity and with fewer side effects. These processes, complemented with high-throughput screening protocols, combinatorial chemistry, computational chemistry and bioinformatics are able to afford compounds that are far more efficient than those currently used in clinical practice. Combinatorial biosynthesis is also applied for the modification of natural microbial products. Likewise, advances in genomics and the advent of biotechnology have improved both the discovery and production of new natural compounds.
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Huo C, Zhao Y, Si X, Li L, Zhang M, Shi Q, Kiyota H. Two new taxanes from Taxus canadensis. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Huo CH, Su XH, Wang YF, Zhang XP, Shi QW, Kiyota H. Canataxpropellane, a novel taxane with a unique polycyclic carbon skeleton (tricyclotaxane) from the needles of Taxus canadensis. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Huo CH, Wang YF, Zhang XP, Li CF, Shi QW, Kiyota H. A New Metabolite with a New Substitution Pattern from the Seeds of the Chinese Yew,Taxus mairei. Chem Biodivers 2007; 4:84-8. [PMID: 17256737 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200790009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A new taxoid metabolite with a new substitution pattern was isolated from the methanol extract of the seeds of Taxus mairei, and its structure was established as 5alpha,15-dihydroxy-7beta,9alpha-diacetoxy-11(15-->1)abeo-taxa-4(20),11-dien-13-one (1) on the basis of spectral analysis including (1)H- and (13)C-NMR, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY, and confirmed by HR-FAB mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hong Huo
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, 050017, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, PR China
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Cao CM, Zhang ML, Wang YF, Shi QW, Yamada T, Kiyota H. Two New Taxanes from the Needles and Branches Bark ofTaxus cuspidata. Chem Biodivers 2006; 3:1153-61. [PMID: 17193230 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200690117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two new taxanes were isolated from the MeOH extract of the needles and branches bark of the Japanese yew, Taxus cuspidata. The structures were established as (2alpha,5alpha,7beta,9alpha,10beta,13alpha)-5,10,13,20-tetraacetoxytax-11-ene-2,7,9-triol (1) and (2alpha,5alpha,9alpha,10beta)-2,9,10-triacetoxy-5-[(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-3,11-cyclotax-11-en-13-one (2) on the basis of in-depth 1D- and 2D-NMR analyses. Compound 2 is the first example of a transannular taxane glycoside isolated from a natural source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Mei Cao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medicinal University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, 050017, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, P.R. China
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and structures of diterpenoids, including labdanes, clerodanes,pimaranes, abietanes, kauranes, cembranolides, taxanes and marine diterpenoids. The literature from January to December 2005 is reviewed, and 195 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9QJ, UK
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