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Scholtz C, Riley DL. Improved batch and flow syntheses of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00346h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The comparison of an improved conventional batch mode synthesis of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib with its flow chemistry alternative is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Scholtz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pretoria
- Pretoria
- South Africa
| | - Darren L. Riley
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pretoria
- Pretoria
- South Africa
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Arora M, Choudhary S, Singh PK, Sapra B, Silakari O. Structural investigation on the selective COX-2 inhibitors mediated cardiotoxicity: A review. Life Sci 2020; 251:117631. [PMID: 32251635 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Initially, the selective COX-2 inhibitors were developed as safer alternatives to the conventional NSAIDs, but later on, most of them were withdrawn from the market due to the risk of heart attack and stroke. Celecoxib, the first selective COX-2 inhibitor, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 1998 and was taken back from the market in 2004. Since then, many coxibs have been discontinued one by one due to adverse cardiovascular events. United States (US), Australian and European authorities related to Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) implemented the requirements to carry the "Black box" warning on the labels of COX-2 drugs highlighting the risks of serious cardiovascular events. These facts encouraged the researchers to explore them well and find out the biochemical basis behind the cardiotoxicity. From the last few decades, the molecular mechanisms behind the coxibs have regained the attention, especially the specific structural features of the selective COX-2 inhibitors that are associated with cardiotoxicity. This review discusses the key structural features of the selective COX-2 inhibitors and underlying mechanisms that are responsible for the cardiotoxicity. This report also unfolds different strategies that have been reported in the last 10 years to combat the problem of selective COX-2 inhibitors mediated cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Arora
- Molecular Modelling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Shalki Choudhary
- Molecular Modelling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Bharti Sapra
- Molecular Modelling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Om Silakari
- Molecular Modelling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India.
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Thi THN, Thi YT, Nguyen LA, Vo NB, Ngo QA. Design, Synthesis and Biological Activities of New Pyrazole Derivatives Possessing Both Coxib and Combretastatins Pharmacophores. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900108. [PMID: 30977306 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In our efforts to discover novel multi-target agents having better antitumor activities than celecoxib, 21 new aryl-substituted pyrazole derivatives possessing cis-diphenylethylene scaffold were mostly synthesized by a one-pot approach to ethyl 1,4,5-triaryl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylates via an improved Claisen condensation - Knorr reaction sequence. The cytotoxic effects of these compounds against three human cancer cell lines HT-29, Hep-G2, MCF-7 as well as their inhibition of NO production were studied. Results showed that incorporation of the important pharmacophoric groups of two original molecules celecoxib and combretastatin A-4 in a single molecule plays an important role in determining a better biological activities of the new coxib-hybrided compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Hang Nguyen Thi
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, CauGiay, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, CauGiay, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Yen Tran Thi
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, CauGiay, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Le Anh Nguyen
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, CauGiay, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc Binh Vo
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, CauGiay, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Quoc Anh Ngo
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, CauGiay, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, CauGiay, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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Ogurtsov VA, Shastin AV, Zlotin SG, Rakitin OA. Unusual transformation of 3-alkylfuroxans into 3-(nitrooxyalkyl)furoxans on treatment with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-016-1675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ogurtsov VA, Shastin AV, Zlotin SG, Rakitin OA. Short and efficient synthesis of 1-(2-oxido-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)alkyl nitrates by unconventional nitrooxylation of 3-alkyl-1,2,5-oxadiazole 2-oxides. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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New organic nitrate-containing benzyloxy isonipecotanilide derivatives with vasodilatory and anti-platelet activity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 72:69-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Bosquesi PL, Melo TRF, Vizioli EO, Santos JLD, Chung MC. Anti-Inflammatory Drug Design Using a Molecular Hybridization Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2011; 4:1450-1474. [PMID: 27721332 PMCID: PMC4060134 DOI: 10.3390/ph4111450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of new drugs with better physiochemical properties, adequate absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, effective pharmacologic potency and lacking toxicity remains is a challenge. Inflammation is the initial trigger of several different diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, asthma, atherosclerosis, colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, depression, cancer; and disorders such as obesity and sexual dysfunction. Although inflammation is not the direct cause of these disorders, inflammatory processes often increase related pain and suffering. New anti-inflammatory drugs developed using molecular hybridization techniques to obtain multiple-ligand drugs can act at one or multiple targets, allowing for synergic action and minimizing toxicity. This work is a review of new anti-inflammatory drugs developed using the molecular modification approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Longhin Bosquesi
- Lapdesf, Laboratory of Drug Design, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km 1, Araraquara, SP, Cep. 14.802-901, Brazil.
| | - Thais Regina Ferreira Melo
- Lapdesf, Laboratory of Drug Design, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km 1, Araraquara, SP, Cep. 14.802-901, Brazil
| | - Ednir Oliveira Vizioli
- Lapdesf, Laboratory of Drug Design, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km 1, Araraquara, SP, Cep. 14.802-901, Brazil.
| | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- Lapdesf, Laboratory of Drug Design, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km 1, Araraquara, SP, Cep. 14.802-901, Brazil.
| | - Man Chin Chung
- Lapdesf, Laboratory of Drug Design, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km 1, Araraquara, SP, Cep. 14.802-901, Brazil.
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Jawabrah Al-Hourani B, Sharma SK, Suresh M, Wuest F. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: a literature and patent review (2009 - 2010). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:1339-432. [PMID: 21714592 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.593510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COXs catalyze the complex conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and thromboxanes, which trigger as autacoids with autocrine and paracrine biological effects many physiological and pathophysiological responses. The structural similarities of the COX-1 and -2 enzymes make the search for selective inhibitors for COX-2 versus -1 a formidable challenge. AREAS COVERED The present review provides a survey of the development of novel COX-2 inhibitors covering literature and patents between 2009 and 2010. The presence of a central, typically 1,2-diaryl substituted, heterocycle or carbocycle as a characteristic structural motif in many selective COX-2 inhibitors represents the basis of their classification in this review. The classification in this review includes COX-2 inhibitors based on five- and six-membered heterocycles, benzoheterocycles (e.g., benzopyrans, benzopyranones, indoles and quinolines), quinones, chalcones, natural products and miscellaneous. When available, COX-2 inhibitors are presented with their related COX-2 inhibitory potency and selectivity. EXPERT OPINION The availability of detailed information on the crystal structure of the COX-2 enzyme with various substrates, cofactors and inhibitors, and the recently reported increased risk of cardiovascular events associated with selective COX-2 inhibitors will further stimulate development of COX-2 inhibitors with favorable COX-2 inhibition profiles without adverse effects to the cardiovascular system.
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Gao M, Wang M, Miller KD, Zheng QH. Synthesis and preliminary in vitro biological evaluation of new carbon-11-labeled celecoxib derivatives as candidate PET tracers for imaging of COX-2 expression in cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4760-7. [PMID: 21640445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumors. This study was designed to develop new radiotracers for imaging of COX-2 in cancer using biomedical imaging technique positron emission tomography (PET). Carbon-11-labeled celecoxib derivatives, [(11)C]4a-c and [(11)C]8a-d, were prepared by O-[(11)C] methylation of their corresponding precursors using [(11)C]CH(3)OTf under basic conditions and isolated by a simplified solid-phase extraction (SPE) method in 52 ± 2% (n = 5) and 57 ± 3% (n = 5) radiochemical yields based on [(11)C]CO(2) and decay corrected to end of bombardment (EOB). The overall synthesis time from EOB was 23 min, the radiochemical purity was >99%, and the specific activity at end of synthesis (EOS) was 277.5 ± 92.5 GBq/μmol (n = 5). The IC(50) values to block COX-2 for known compounds celecoxib (4d), 4a and 4c were 40, 290 and 8 nM, respectively, and preliminary findings from in vitro biological assay indicated that the synthesized new compounds 4b and 8a-d display similar strong inhibitory effectiveness in the MDA-MB-435 human cancer cell line in comparison with the parent compound 4d. These results encourage further in vivo evaluation of carbon-11-labeled celecoxib derivatives as new potential PET radiotracers for imaging of COX-2 expression in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhang Gao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1345 West 16th Street, L3-208, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Cena C, Tosco P, Marini E, Lazzarato L, Piccinini M, Ramondetti C, Lupino E, Fruttero R, Gasco A. Nitrooxyacyl Derivatives of Salicylic Acid: Aspirin‐Like Molecules that Covalently Inactivate Cyclooxygenase‐1. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:523-30. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Cena
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino (Italy), Fax: (+39) 011‐6707286
| | - Paolo Tosco
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino (Italy), Fax: (+39) 011‐6707286
| | - Elisabetta Marini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino (Italy), Fax: (+39) 011‐6707286
| | - Loretta Lazzarato
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino (Italy), Fax: (+39) 011‐6707286
| | - Marco Piccinini
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Oncologia Sperimentale, Sezione di Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Michelangelo 27/B, 10126 Torino (Italy)
| | - Cristina Ramondetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Oncologia Sperimentale, Sezione di Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Michelangelo 27/B, 10126 Torino (Italy)
| | - Elisa Lupino
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Oncologia Sperimentale, Sezione di Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Michelangelo 27/B, 10126 Torino (Italy)
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino (Italy), Fax: (+39) 011‐6707286
| | - Alberto Gasco
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino (Italy), Fax: (+39) 011‐6707286
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Bocca C, Bozzo F, Bassignana A, Miglietta A. Antiproliferative effects of COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib on human breast cancer cell lines. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 350:59-70. [PMID: 21140284 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The inducible COX-2 enzyme is over-expressed in human breast cancer and its over-expression generally correlates with angiogenesis, deregulation of apoptosis and worse prognosis. This observation may explain the beneficial effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and COX-2 inhibitors on breast cancer treatment. Here, we evaluated the antiproliferative activity of celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, and its nitro-oxy derivative on human breast cancer cells characterized by low and high COX-2 expression, respectively. In ERα(+) MCF-7 cells celecoxib and its derivative induce a strong inhibition of cell growth, inhibition that is associated with the reduction of ERα expression and activation. These effects may be directly associated with ERK and Akt suppression and with PP2A and PTEN induction. In this cell line the drugs exert only weak effect on COX-2 level while they are able to reduce aromatase expression. On the contrary, in ERα(-) MDA-MB-231 cells, both drugs induce a marked inhibition of COX-2, inhibition that is associated with the reduction of aromatase expression and of cell proliferation. In both cell lines the effects of the drugs are associated with the suppression of cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bocca
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
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Boschi D, Cena C, Di Stilo A, Rolando B, Manzini P, Fruttero R, Gasco A. Nitrooxymethyl-Substituted Analogues of Rofecoxib: Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:1173-82. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bozzo F, Bassignana A, Lazzarato L, Boschi D, Gasco A, Bocca C, Miglietta A. Novel nitro-oxy derivatives of celecoxib for the regulation of colon cancer cell growth. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 182:183-90. [PMID: 19682443 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Celecoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) developed as a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Despite the associated cardiovascular toxicity risk, celecoxib has been found to be effective in reducing cancer risk in animal and human studies. In the present study the antiproliferative activity of novel nitro-oxy-methyl substituted analogues of celecoxib (NO-cel), potentially less cardiotoxic, has been investigated in vitro on human colon cancer cells and compared with action of the parent drug. Moreover, experiments were performed in order to evaluate whether COX-2 pharmacological inhibition may affect beta-catenin/E-cadherin signalling pathway. All the tested analogues of celecoxib exerted a significant antiproliferative activity on COX-2 positive HT-29 human colon cancer cells, being less effective on the COX-2 negative SW-480 human colon cancer cell line. In particular, the analogue displaying two nitro-oxy functions fully mimicked the known inhibitory properties of celecoxib, including inhibition of COX-2, as well as of ERK/MAPK and beta-catenin signalling pathways. Interestingly, the latter compound also elicited a strong reorganization of the beta-catenin/E-cadherin complex, which has been suggested to be relevant for colon carcinogenesis. On these premises, NO-cel analogues of celecoxib can represent promising colon cancer chemopreventive agents potentially able to affect colon cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bozzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Oncologia Sperimentale, University of Torino, C. Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
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