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Stachelska-Wierzchowska A, Wierzchowski J. Chemo-Enzymatic Generation of Highly Fluorescent Nucleoside Analogs Using Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase. Biomolecules 2024; 14:701. [PMID: 38927104 PMCID: PMC11201700 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemo-enzymatic syntheses of strongly fluorescent nucleoside analogs, potentially applicable in analytical biochemistry and cell biology are reviewed. The syntheses and properties of fluorescent ribofuranosides of several purine, 8-azapurine, and etheno-purine derivatives, obtained using various types of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) as catalysts, as well as α-ribose-1-phosphate (r1P) as a second substrate, are described. In several instances, the ribosylation sites are different to the canonical purine N9. Some of the obtained ribosides show fluorescence yields close to 100%. Possible applications of the new analogs include assays of PNP, nucleoside hydrolases, and other enzyme activities both in vitro and within living cells using fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacek Wierzchowski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
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Leškovskis K, Zaķis JM, Novosjolova I, Turks M. Applications of Purine Ring Opening in the Synthesis of Imidazole, Pyrimidine, and New Purine Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristaps Leškovskis
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry Riga Technical University P. Valdena Str. 3 Riga LV-1048 Latvia
| | - Jānis Miķelis Zaķis
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry Riga Technical University P. Valdena Str. 3 Riga LV-1048 Latvia
| | - Irina Novosjolova
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry Riga Technical University P. Valdena Str. 3 Riga LV-1048 Latvia
| | - Māris Turks
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry Riga Technical University P. Valdena Str. 3 Riga LV-1048 Latvia
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Matyugina ES, Kochetkov SN, Khandazhinskaya AL. SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF AZA- AND DEAZA-ANALOGS OF PURINE NUCLEOSIDES. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cascioferro S, Parrino B, Spanò V, Carbone A, Montalbano A, Barraja P, Diana P, Cirrincione G. Synthesis and antitumor activities of 1,2,3-triazines and their benzo- and heterofused derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:74-86. [PMID: 28615111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazines are a class of biologically active compounds that exhibit a broad spectrum of activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiproliferative, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. This review, which covers the literature from the end of last century to 2016, treats, through a comprehensive, systematic approach, the 1,2,3-triazine and related benzo- and hetero-fused derivatives possessing antitumor activity. Their efficacy, combined with a simple synthesis confers to these molecules a great potential as scaffold for the development of antitumor compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Barbara Parrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Virginia Spanò
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Carbone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Barraja
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Girolamo Cirrincione
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
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Wierzchowski J. Excited-state proton transfer and phototautomerism in nucleobase and nucleoside analogs: a mini-review. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 33:626-44. [PMID: 25105453 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2014.913065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) has been observed in several fluorescent nucleobase and/or nucleoside analogs. In the present work, some new examples of ESPT in this class of compounds are presented together with a brief recapitulation of the previously published data. The nucleobases, nucleosides, and their analogs contain many basic and acidic centers and therefore their ESPT behavior may be complex. To interpret the complex data, it is usually necessary to determine the microscopic pK* values for each (or most) of the possible ESPT centers. Typical approach to solve this problem is by analysis of the alkyl derivatives, in which the possibility of the ESPT is reduced. Of particular interest are examples of "phototautomerization via the cation," observed in several systems, which in the neutral media do not undergo ESPT. Protonation of the molecule in the ground state facilitates the two-step phototautomerism in several systems, including formycin A and 2-amino-8-azadenine. Fluorescence of the nucleobase and nucleoside analogs undergoing ESPT is usually solvent-, isotope-, and buffer-ion sensitive, and in some systems the ESPT can be promoted by environmental factors, e.g., the presence of buffer ions. This sensitivity to the microenvironment parameters makes the ESPT systems potentially useful for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Wierzchowski
- a Department of Biophysics , University of Varmia & Masuria in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
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Singh R, Vince R. 2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one: Chemical Profile of a Versatile Synthetic Building Block and its Impact on the Development of Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4642-86. [DOI: 10.1021/cr2004822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware Street Southeast,
Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Robert Vince
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware Street Southeast,
Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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