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Yadav K, Jatain I, Dubey KK, Nitharwal RG, Kaur I. Development of a thin layer chromatographic method for the determination of coenzyme Q
10
produced by
Agrobacterium tumefaciens. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh India
| | - Indu Jatain
- Department of Biotechnology Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh India
| | | | - Ram Gopal Nitharwal
- Department of Biotechnology Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh India
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Fan J, Xu W, Xu X, Wang Y. Production of Coenzyme Q 10 by microbes: an update. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:194. [PMID: 35984526 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is the main CoQ species in human and is used extensively in food, cosmetic and medicine industries because of its antioxidant properties and its benefit in prophylactic medicine and therapy for a variety of diseases. Among various approaches to increase the production of CoQ10, microbial fermentation is the most effective. As knowledge of the biosynthetic enzymes and regulatory mechanisms modulating CoQ10 production increases, opportunities arise for metabolic engineering of CoQ10 in microbial hosts. In this review, we present various strategies used up to date to improve CoQ10 production and focus on metabolic engineering of CoQ10 overproduction in microbes. General strategies of metabolic engineering include providing sufficient precursors for CoQ10, increasing metabolic fluxes, and expanding storage capacity for CoQ10. Based on these strategies, CoQ10 production has been significantly improved in natural CoQ10 producers, as well as in heterologous hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Fan
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi'an, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi'an, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xi Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi'an, China.
- School of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China.
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Villanueva-Bermejo D, Temelli F. Extraction of oil rich in coenzyme Q10 from chicken by-products using supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ácsová A, Hojerová J, Tobolková B, Martiniaková S. Antioxidant Efficacy of Natural Ubiquinol Compared to Synthetic References – In Vitro Study. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Ácsová
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Jarmila Hojerová
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Blanka Tobolková
- Department of Chemistry and Food Analysis National Agricultural and Food Centre – Food Research Institute Priemyselna 4, P. O. Box 25 824 75 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Silvia Martiniaková
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
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Zhang L, Liu L, Wang KF, Xu L, Zhou L, Wang W, Li C, Xu Z, Shi T, Chen H, Li Y, Xu H, Yang X, Zhu Z, Chen B, Li D, Zhan G, Zhang SL, Zhang LX, Tan GY. Phosphate limitation increases coenzyme Q 10 production in industrial Rhodobacter sphaeroides HY01. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2019; 4:212-219. [PMID: 31890925 PMCID: PMC6909082 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an important component of the respiratory chain in humans and some bacteria. As a high-value-added nutraceutical antioxidant, CoQ10 has excellent capacity to prevent cardiovascular disease. The content of CoQ10 in the industrial Rhodobacter sphaeroides HY01 is hundreds of folds higher than normal physiological levels. In this study, we found that overexpression or optimization of the synthetic pathway failed CoQ10 overproduction in the HY01 strain. Moreover, under phosphate- limited conditions (decreased phosphate or in the absence of inorganic phosphate addition), CoQ10 production increased significantly by 12% to220 mg/L, biomass decreased by 12%, and the CoQ10 productivity of unit cells increased by 27%. In subsequent fed-batch fermentation, CoQ10 production reached 272 mg/L in the shake-flask fermentation and 1.95 g/L in a 100-L bioreactor under phosphate limitation. Furthermore, to understand the mechanism associated with CoQ10 overproduction under phosphate- limited conditions, the comparatve transcriptome analysis was performed. These results indicated that phosphate limitation combined with glucose fed-batch fermentation represented an effective strategy for CoQ10 production in the HY01. Phosphate limitation induced a pleiotropic effect on cell metabolism, and that improved CoQ10 biosynthesis efficiency was possibly related to the disturbance of energy metabolism and redox potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering (SKLBE), And School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Leshi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering (SKLBE), And School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ke-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering (SKLBE), And School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No.1 Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Liming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering (SKLBE), And School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Weishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No.1 Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering (SKLBE), And School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No.1 Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering (SKLBE), And School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Haihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering (SKLBE), And School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuanhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering (SKLBE), And School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - XiuLiang Yang
- Shandong Jincheng Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No. 117 Qixing River Road, Zibo, 255130, China
| | - Zhichun Zhu
- Inner Mongolia Kingdomway Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tuoketuo Power Industrial Park, Hohhot, 010206, China
| | - Biqin Chen
- Inner Mongolia Kingdomway Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tuoketuo Power Industrial Park, Hohhot, 010206, China
| | - Dan Li
- Inner Mongolia Kingdomway Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tuoketuo Power Industrial Park, Hohhot, 010206, China
| | - Guanghuang Zhan
- Inner Mongolia Kingdomway Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tuoketuo Power Industrial Park, Hohhot, 010206, China
| | - Si-Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering (SKLBE), And School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Li-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering (SKLBE), And School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Gao-Yi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering (SKLBE), And School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Lee SQE, Tan TS, Kawamukai M, Chen ES. Cellular factories for coenzyme Q 10 production. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:39. [PMID: 28253886 PMCID: PMC5335738 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a benzoquinone present in most organisms, plays an important role in the electron-transport chain, and its deficiency is associated with various neuropathies and muscular disorders. CoQ10 is the only lipid-soluble antioxidant found in humans, and for this, it is gaining popularity in the cosmetic and healthcare industries. To meet the growing demand for CoQ10, there has been considerable interest in ways to enhance its production, the most effective of which remains microbial fermentation. Previous attempts to increase CoQ10 production to an industrial scale have thus far conformed to the strategies used in typical metabolic engineering endeavors. However, the emergence of new tools in the expanding field of synthetic biology has provided a suite of possibilities that extend beyond the traditional modes of metabolic engineering. In this review, we cover the various strategies currently undertaken to upscale CoQ10 production, and discuss some of the potential novel areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Qiu En Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tsu Soo Tan
- School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Makoto Kawamukai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Ee Sin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore. .,NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Tokdar P, Sanakal A, Ranadive P, Khora SS, George S, Deshmukh SK. Molecular, Physiological and Phenotypic Characterization of Paracoccus denitrificans ATCC 19367 Mutant Strain P-87 Producing Improved Coenzyme Q10. Indian J Microbiol 2015; 55:184-93. [PMID: 25805905 PMCID: PMC4363252 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-014-0506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a blockbuster nutraceutical molecule which is often used as an oral supplement in the supportive therapy for cardiovascular diseases, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. It is commercially produced by fermentation process, hence constructing the high yielding CoQ10 producing strains is a pre-requisite for cost effective production. Paracoccus denitrificans ATCC 19367, a biochemically versatile organism was selected to carry out the studies on CoQ10 yield improvement. The wild type strain was subjected to iterative rounds of mutagenesis using gamma rays and NTG, followed by selection on various inhibitors like CoQ10 structural analogues and antibiotics. The screening of mutants were carried out using cane molasses based optimized medium with feeding strategies at shake flask level. In the course of study, the mutant P-87 having marked resistance to gentamicin showed 1.25-fold improvements in specific CoQ10 content which was highest among all tested mutant strains. P-87 was phenotypically differentiated from the wild type strain on the basis of carbohydrate assimilation and FAME profile. Molecular differentiation technique based on AFLP profile showed intra specific polymorphism between wild type strain and P-87. This study demonstrated the beneficial outcome of induced mutations leading to gentamicin resistance for improvement of CoQ10 production in P. denitrificans mutant strain P-87. To investigate the cause of gentamicin resistance, rpIF gene from P-87 and wild type was sequenced. No mutations were detected on the rpIF partial sequence of P-87; hence gentamicin resistance in P-87 could not be conferred with rpIF gene. However, detecting the mutations responsible for gentamicin resistance in P-87 and correlating its role in CoQ10 overproduction is essential. Although only 1.25-fold improvement in specific CoQ10 content was achieved through mutant P-87, this mutant showed very interesting characteristic, differentiating it from its wild type parent strain P. denitrificans ATCC 19367, which are presented in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Tokdar
- />Fermentation Technology-Natural Products Department, Piramal Enterprises Ltd., 1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, 400063 India
| | - Akshata Sanakal
- />Fermentation Technology-Natural Products Department, Piramal Enterprises Ltd., 1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, 400063 India
| | - Prafull Ranadive
- />Fermentation Technology-Natural Products Department, Piramal Enterprises Ltd., 1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, 400063 India
| | - Samanta Shekhar Khora
- />School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Saji George
- />Fermentation Technology-Natural Products Department, Piramal Enterprises Ltd., 1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, 400063 India
| | - Sunil Kumar Deshmukh
- />Fermentation Technology-Natural Products Department, Piramal Enterprises Ltd., 1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, 400063 India
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Ranadive P, Mehta A, Chavan Y, Marx A, George S. Morphological and Molecular Differentiation of Sporidiobolus johnsonii ATCC 20490 and Its Coenzyme Q10 Overproducing Mutant Strain UF16. Indian J Microbiol 2014; 54:343-57. [PMID: 24891743 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-014-0466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an industrially important molecule having nutraceutical and cosmeceutical applications. CoQ10 is mainly produced by microbial fermentation and the process demands the use of strains with high productivity and yields of CoQ10. During strain improvement program consisting of sequential induced mutagenesis, rational selection and screening process, a mutant strain UF16 was generated from Sporidiobolus johnsonii ATCC 20490 with 2.3-fold improvements in CoQ10 content. EMS and UV rays were used as mutagenic agents for generating UF16 and it was rationally selected based on atorvastatin resistance as well as survival at free radicals exposure. We investigated the genotypic and phenotypic changes in UF16 in order to differentiate it from wild type strain. Morphologically it was distinct due to reduced pigmentation of colony, reduced cell size and significant reduction in mycelial growth forms with abundance of yeast forms. At molecular level, UF16 was differentiated based on PCR fingerprinting method of RAPD as well as large and small-subunit rRNA gene sequences. Rapid molecular technique of RAPD analysis using six primers showed 34 % polymorphic fragments with mean genetic distance of 0.235. The partial sequences of rRNA-gene revealed few mutation sites on nucleotide base pairs. However, the mutations detected on rRNA gene of UF16 were less than 1 % of total base pairs and its sequence showed 99 % homology with the wild type strain. These mutations in UF16 could not be linked to phenotypic or genotypic changes on CoQ10 biosynthetic pathway that resulted in improved yield. Hence, investigating the mutations responsible for deregulation of CoQ10 pathway is essential to understand the cause of overproduction in UF16. Phylogenetic analysis based on RAPD bands and rRNA gene sequences coupled with morphological variations, exhibited the novelty of mutant UF16 having potential for improved CoQ10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Ranadive
- Fermentation Technology Lab, Natural Products Department, Piramal Enterprises Limited, Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, 400063 India
| | - Alka Mehta
- School of Bio Science and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Yashwant Chavan
- geneOmbio Technologies Private Limited, Baner, Pune, 411045 Maharashtra India
| | - Anbukayalvizhi Marx
- Fermentation Technology Lab, Natural Products Department, Piramal Enterprises Limited, Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, 400063 India
| | - Saji George
- Fermentation Technology Lab, Natural Products Department, Piramal Enterprises Limited, Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, 400063 India
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Tokdar P, Ranadive P, Kshirsagar R, Khora SS, Deshmukh SK. Influence of Substrate Feeding and Process Parameters on Production of Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> Using <i>Paracoccus denitrificans</i> ATCC 19367 Mutant Strain P-87. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2014.512110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lu W, Shi Y, He S, Fei Y, Yu K, Yu H. Enhanced production of CoQ10 by constitutive overexpression of 3-demethyl ubiquinone-9 3-methyltransferase under tac promoter in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 has emerged as a valuable molecule for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Therefore, research into producing and optimizing coenzyme Q10 via microbial fermentation is ongoing. There are two major paths being explored for maximizing production of this molecule to commercially advantageous levels. The first entails using microbes that naturally produce coenzyme Q10 as fermentation biocatalysts and optimizing the fermentation parameters in order to reach industrial levels of production. However, the natural coenzyme Q10-producing microbes tend to be intractable for industrial fermentation settings. The second path to coenzyme Q10 production being explored is to engineer Escherichia coli with the ability to biosynthesize this molecule in order to take advantage of its more favourable fermentation characteristics and the well-understood array of genetic tools available for this bacteria. Although many studies have attempted to over-produce coenzyme Q10 in E. coli through genetic engineering, production titres still remain below those of the natural coenzyme Q10-producing microorganisms. Current research is providing the knowledge needed to alleviate the bottlenecks involved in producing coenzyme Q10 from an E. coli strain platform and the fermentation parameters that could dramatically increase production titres from natural microbial producers. Synthesizing the lessons learned from both approaches may be the key towards a more cost-effective coenzyme Q10 industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne P Cluis
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke West, Montréal, H4B 1R6, Québec, Canada
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Recombinant expression of His-tagged saposin B and pH-dependent binding to the lipid coenzyme Q10. Anal Biochem 2011; 419:145-52. [PMID: 21933657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been increasing rapidly during recent years due to its postulated beneficial properties in human health, providing energy and antioxidant protection. There are no known negative side effects of CoQ10 even at very high levels. Recently, native saposin B (sapB) has been shown to bind CoQ10 and subsequently be excreted. It is thought that this interaction between sapB and CoQ10 could be a mechanism to avoid any possible CoQ10 toxicity. The interaction between sapB and CoQ10 is poorly understood. Here we present an increased fermentative yield of recombinant sapB and demonstrate that recombinant sapB will bind CoQ10 in a pH-dependent manner similar to sapB binding with other lipids. SapB was coated onto an IMAC (immobilized metal affinity chromatography) resin and successfully bound CoQ10 at pH 5.0 with release of the CoQ10 at pH 9.0.
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