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Banaś K, Aksmann A, Płachno BJ, Kapusta M, Marciniak P, Ronowski R. Individual architecture and photosynthetic performance of the submerged form of Drosera intermedia Hayne. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:449. [PMID: 38783181 PMCID: PMC11112915 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Drosera intermedia grows in acidic bogs in parts of valleys that are flooded in winter, and that often dry out in summer. It is also described as the sundew of the most heavily hydrated habitats in peatlands, and it is often found in water and even underwater. This sundew is the only one that can tolerate long periods of submersion, and more importantly produces a typical submerged form that can live in such conditions for many years. Submerged habitats are occupied by D. intermedia relatively frequently. The aim of the study was to determine the environmental conditions and architecture of individuals in the submerged form of D. intermedia. The features of the morphological and anatomical structure and chlorophyll a fluorescence of this form that were measured were compared with analogous ones in individuals that occurred in emerged and peatland habitats. The submerged form occurred to a depth of 20 cm. Compared to the other forms, its habitat had the highest pH (4.71-4.92; Me = 4.71), the highest temperature and substrate hydration, and above all, the lowest photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; 20.4-59.4%). This form differed from the other forms in almost all of the features of the plant's architecture. It is particularly noteworthy that it had the largest main axis height among all of the forms, which exceeded 18 cm. The number of living leaves in a rosette was notable (18.1 ± 8.1), while the number of dead leaves was very low (6.9 ± 3.8). The most significant differences were in the shape of its submerged leaves, in which the length of the leaf blade was the lowest of all of the forms (0.493 ± 0.15 mm; p < 0.001) and usually the widest. The stem cross-sectional area was noticeably smaller in the submerged form than in the other forms, the xylem was less developed and collaterally closed vascular bundles occurred. Our analysis of the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence in vivo revealed that the maximum quantum yield of the primary photochemistry of photosystem II is the highest for the submerged form (Me = 0.681), the same as the maximum quantum yield of the electron transport (Me φE0 = 0.183). The efficiency of energy use per one active reaction center of photosystem II (RC) was the lowest in the submerged form (Me = 2.978), same as the fraction of energy trapped by one active RC (Me = 1.976) and the non-photochemical energy dissipation (DI0/RC; Me = 0.916). The ET0/RC parameter, associated with the efficiency of the energy utilization for electron transport by one RC, in the submerged plant reached the highest value (Me = 0.489). The submerged form of D. intermedia clearly differed from the emerged and peatland forms in its plant architecture. The submerged plants had a thinner leaf blade and less developed xylem than the other forms, however, their stems were much longer. The relatively high photosynthetic efficiency of the submerged forms suggests that most of the trapped energy is utilized to drive photosynthesis with a minimum energy loss, which may be a mechanism to compensate for the relatively small size of the leaf blade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Banaś
- Department of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 59 Wita Stwosza St., Gdańsk, PL, 80-308, Poland.
| | - Anna Aksmann
- Department of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 59 Wita Stwosza St., Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Bartosz J Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kapusta
- Bioimaging Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 59 Wita Stwosza St., Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Paweł Marciniak
- Department of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 59 Wita Stwosza St., Gdańsk, PL, 80-308, Poland
| | - Rafał Ronowski
- Department of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 59 Wita Stwosza St., Gdańsk, PL, 80-308, Poland
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Schlauer J, Fleischmann A, Hartmeyer SRH, Hartmeyer I, Rischer H. Distribution of Acetogenic Naphthoquinones in Droseraceae and Their Chemotaxonomic Utility. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:97. [PMID: 38392315 PMCID: PMC10886480 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Chemotaxonomy is the link between the state of the art in analytical chemistry and the systematic classification and phylogenetic analysis of biota. Although the characteristic secondary metabolites from diverse biotic sources have been used in pharmacology and biological systematics since the dawn of mankind, only comparatively recently established reproducible methods have allowed the precise identification and distinction of structurally similar compounds. Reliable, rapid screening methods like TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) can be used to investigate sufficiently large numbers of samples for chemotaxonomic purposes. Using distribution patterns of mutually exclusive naphthoquinones, it is demonstrated in this review how a simple set of chemical data from a representative sample of closely related species in the sundew family (Droseraceae, Nepenthales) provides taxonomically and phylogenetically informative signal within the investigated group and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schlauer
- The Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fleischmann
- Botanische Staatssammlung München, Menzinger Strasse 67, D-80638 Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-Center LMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-80539 München, Germany
| | | | - Irmgard Hartmeyer
- Independent Researcher, Wittlinger Str. 5, D-79576 Weil am Rhein, Germany
| | - Heiko Rischer
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Tekniikantie 21, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland
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Gerschler S, Neumann N, Schultze N, Guenther S, Schulze C. Quality parameters for the medicinal plant Drosera rotundifolia L.: A new approach with established techniques. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300436. [PMID: 37922526 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Monographs of the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) are the basis for quality control of medicinal plants and therefore important to ensure the consistency, quality, safety, and efficacy of phytopharmaceuticals. The traditional medicinal plant sundew (Drosera sp.) has disappeared from therapy due to nature conservation, but can now be cultivated sustainably on rewetted peatland. However, currently there is no valid Ph. Eur. monograph for the quality control of Droserae herba. In this study, sundew material from different species and sources was investigated with the aim of developing quality control methods based on the Ph. Eur. and defining a uniform quality standard for Droserae herba. It was possible to distinguish between sundew species of different quality, using macroscopic, microscopic, and chromatographic methods. Special emphasis was laid on the content of flavonoids and naphthoquinones as important quality parameters as their content differed between the sundew species. The differences in content and toxicity result in the recommendation that only round-leaved sundew (Drosera rotundifolia L.) should be used as a medicinal plant for the production of phytopharmaceuticals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Gerschler
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Niclas Neumann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nadin Schultze
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Christian Schulze
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Shen X, Liang X, He C, Yin L, Xu F, Li H, Tang H, Lv C. Structural and pharmacological diversity of 1,4-naphthoquinone glycosides in recent 20 years. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106643. [PMID: 37329815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
1,4-naphthoquinones are the most widespread naphthoquinone compounds. Recently, many 1,4-naphthoquinone glycosides with different structural features have been obtained from both nature and synthesis, which has led to an increasing variety of naphthoquinone glycosides. In this paper, the structure variety and biological activity in recent 20 years are reviewed, and classified them according to the source and structure characteristics. Meanwhile the synthetic methods of O-, S-, C- and N-naphthoquinone glycosides and their structure activity relationships are also described. It was referred that the presence of polar groups of C2 and C5 and non-polar groups attached to C3 on the naphthoquinone ring are beneficial for their biological activities. It will provide more comprehensive literature resources for the future research of 1, 4-naphthoquinone glycosides and lay a theoretical foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Shen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Funeng Xu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Haohuan Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
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Long ZG, Le JV, Katz BB, Lopez BG, Tenenbaum ED, Semmling B, Schmidt RJ, Grün F, Butts CT, Martin RW. Spatially resolved detection of small molecules from press-dried plant tissue using MALDI imaging. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2023; 11:e11539. [PMID: 37915436 PMCID: PMC10617318 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Premise Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a chemical imaging method that can visualize spatial distributions of particular molecules. Plant tissue imaging has so far mostly used cryosectioning, which can be impractical for the preparation of large-area imaging samples, such as full flower petals. Imaging unsectioned plant tissue presents its own difficulties in extracting metabolites to the surface due to the waxy cuticle. Methods We address this by using established delipidation techniques combined with a solvent vapor extraction prior to applying the matrix with many low-concentration sprays. Results Using this procedure, we imaged tissue from three different plant species (two flowers and one carnivorous plant leaf). Material factorization analysis of the resulting data reveals a wide range of plant-specific small molecules with varying degrees of localization to specific portions of the tissue samples, while facilitating detection and removal of signal from background sources. Conclusions This work demonstrates applicability of MALDI-MSI to press-dried plant samples without freezing or cryosectioning, setting the stage for spatially resolved molecule identification. Increased mass resolution and inclusion of tandem mass spectrometry are necessary next steps to allow more specific and reliable compound identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane G. Long
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia92697‐2025USA
| | - Jonathan V. Le
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia92697‐3900USA
| | - Benjamin B. Katz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia92697‐2025USA
| | - Belen G. Lopez
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia92697‐2025USA
| | | | - Bonnie Semmling
- The Chrysler Herbarium and Mycological Collection, School of Environmental and Biological SciencesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew Jersey08901USA
| | - Ryan J. Schmidt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural ResourcesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew Jersey08901USA
| | - Felix Grün
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia92697‐2025USA
| | - Carter T. Butts
- Departments of Sociology, Statistics, Computer Science, and Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia92697USA
| | - Rachel W. Martin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia92697‐2025USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia92697‐3900USA
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Wójciak M, Feldo M, Stolarczyk P, Płachno BJ. Biological Potential of Carnivorous Plants from Nepenthales. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083639. [PMID: 37110873 PMCID: PMC10146735 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since Charles Darwin and his book carnivorous plants have aroused interest and heated debate. In addition, there is growing interest in this group of plants as a source of secondary metabolites and in the application of their biological activity. The aim of this study was to trace the recent literature in search of the application of extracts obtained from families Droseraceae, Nepenthaceae, and Drosophyllaceae to show their biological potential. The data collected in the review clearly indicate that the studied Nepenthales species have great biological potential in terms of antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer use. We proposed that further investigations should include: (i) bioactivity-guided investigations of crude plant extract to connect a particular type of action with a specific compound or a group of metabolites; (ii) a search for new bioactive properties of carnivorous plants; (iii) establishment of molecular mechanisms associated with specific activity. Furthermore, further research should be extended to include less explored species, i.e., Drosophyllum lusitanicum and especially Aldrovanda vesiculosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Feldo
- Chair and Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Stolarczyk
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 29 Listopada 54 Ave., 31-425 Cracow, Poland
| | - Bartosz J Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Cracow, Poland
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Carnivorous Plants from Nepenthaceae and Droseraceae as a Source of Secondary Metabolites. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052155. [PMID: 36903400 PMCID: PMC10004607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnivorous plants are able to attract small animals or protozoa and retain them in their specialized traps. Later, the captured organisms are killed and digested. The nutrients contained in the prey bodies are absorbed by the plants to use for growth and reproduction. These plants produce many secondary metabolites involved in the carnivorous syndrome. The main purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the secondary metabolites in the family Nepenthaceae and Droseraceae, which were studied using modern identification techniques, i.e., high-performance liquid chromatography or ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. After literature screening, there is no doubt that tissues of species from the genera Nepenthes, Drosera, and Dionaea are rich sources of secondary metabolites that can be used in pharmacy and for medical purposes. The main types of the identified compounds include phenolic acids and their derivatives (gallic, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, ferulic, p-coumaric acids, gallic, hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, syringic caffeic acids, and vanillin), flavonoids (myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol derivatives), including anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin), naphthoquinones (e.g., plumbagin, droserone, and 5-O-methyl droserone), and volatile organic compounds. Due to the biological activity of most of these substances, the importance of the carnivorous plant as a pharmaceutical crop will increase.
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Antibiofilm Activity of Sundew Species against Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213720. [PMID: 36430196 PMCID: PMC9697453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Drosera, known for carnivorous plants, such as sundew, have been traditionally used for centuries as medicinal plants. Efficacy-determining compounds are naphthoquinones and flavonoids. Flavonoids possess a broad spectrum of bioactive properties, including biofilm inhibitory activity. Biofilms render antibiotics ineffective, contributing to the current rise in antimicrobial resistance. In this study, the biofilm inhibitory activity of two European sundew species (Drosera rotundifolia and Drosera intermedia) grown agriculturally in Germany and four commercial sundew products (declared as Drosera longifolia, Drosera sp. and Drosera planta trit.) against three multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains was tested. The aim of the study was to comparatively investigate the biofilm inhibitory potential of sundew species extracts grown locally in northern Germany and commercial sundew products. The minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration of the European sundew species was approx. 35 µg mL-1. In comparison, commercial sundew products ranged in concentration from 75 to 140 µg mL-1. Additionally, individual compounds isolated from European sundew were tested. Among these compounds, biofilm inhibitory activity was determined for four of the eight substances, with 2″-O-galloyl hyperoside standing out for its activity (38 µg mL-1). The whole plant extracts of Drosera rotundifolia and Drosera intermedia proved to be more effective than the commercial products and the single compounds in its biofilm inhibition activity against Escherichia coli strains. Sundew extracts may serve as a potential therapeutic approach for targeting biofilm production.
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Hake A, Begrow F, Spiegler V, Symma N, Hensel A, Düfer M. Effects of Extracts and Flavonoids from Drosera rotundifolia L. on Ciliary Beat Frequency and Murine Airway Smooth Muscle. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196622. [PMID: 36235159 PMCID: PMC9572773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Extracts from Drosera rotundifolia are traditionally used to treat cough symptoms during a common cold. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of extracts from D. rotundifolia and active compounds on the respiratory tract. Tracheal slices of C57BL/6N mice were used ex vivo to examine effects on airway smooth muscle (ASM) and ciliary beat frequency (CBF). Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition assays were carried out to test whether PDE1 or PDE4 are targeted by the active compounds. An ethanol–water extract, as well as an aqueous fraction of this extract, exerted antispasmodic properties against acetylcholine-induced contractions. In addition, contractions induced by 60 mM K+ were abrogated by the aqueous fraction. Effects on ASM could be attributed to the flavonoids quercetin, 2″-O-galloylhyperoside and hyperoside. Moreover, the Drosera extract and the aqueous fraction increased the CBF of murine tracheal slices. Quercetin and 2″-O-galloylhyperoside were identified as active compounds involved in the elevation of CBF. Both compounds inhibited PDE1A and PDE4D. The elevation of CBF was mimicked by the subtype-selective PDE inhibitor rolipram (PDE4) and by 8-methoxymethyl-IBMX. In summary, our study shows, for the first time, that a Drosera extract and its flavonoid compounds increase the CBF of murine airways while antispasmodic effects were transferred to ASM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hake
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry—Pharmacology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Begrow
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry—Pharmacology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Spiegler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nico Symma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martina Düfer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry—Pharmacology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Correspondence:
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López-Orenes A, Ferrer MA, Calderón AA. Microwave Radiation as an Inducer of Secondary Metabolite Production in Drosera rotundifolia In Vitro Plantlets. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2104-2109. [PMID: 35855561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, low-intensity microwave irradiation (frequency of 2.45 GHz; 26.3 kW m-3 power density) for 0, 5, and 30 s was tested for the first time on Drosera rotundifolia in vitro plantlets to explore its effect on the production of highly valued phenolic compounds. Analysis of the extracts obtained from irradiated plantlets revealed time-dependent increases in the levels of photosynthetic pigments, particularly the carotenoids, whereas symptoms of growth decline were not observed. Similarly, the highest total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were detected in 30-s-irradiated plantlets. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that the content of the bioactive phenolics 5-hydroxy-7-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione (1), 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxychromen-4-one (2), and 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one (3), which are considered to be responsible for the pharmacological properties of this species, was around twofold higher in 30-s-irradiated plantlets than in controls. Nevertheless, the accumulation of 5-hydroxy-2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione (4), which was present only in trace amounts in the plant roots, decreased by 30% upon microwave irradiation. The results indicate that microwave treatment acts as an effective inducer of the production of phenylpropanoid compounds, which opens up new opportunities for its use in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio López-Orenes
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - María A Ferrer
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Antonio A Calderón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
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Ciprandi G, Tosca MA. Non-pharmacological remedies for post-viral acute cough. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2021; 92. [PMID: 34461702 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2021.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The post-viral acute cough (PAC) is a widespread symptom, mainly in childhood and adolescence, and is usually associated with an acute upper respiratory infection, namely the common cold. The use of cough relievers is, therefore, impressive, as documented by the market data. There are many medical devices and dietary supplements for treating PAC, which contain non-pharmacological components. Ancient people used traditional herbs to treat PAC. Thus, a well-established tradition considers natural remedies as an effective and safe way to relieve PAC. The herbal agents include polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, glucosides, and alkaloids. Also, the European Medicine Agency has recognized the value of plant extracts and other natural substances to treat PAC. Nevertheless, a few studies investigated the role of non-pharmacologic remedies for PAC. There is some evidence for honey, glycerol, Althea officinalis, Drosera rotundifolia, Grindelia, Hedera helix, Pelargonium sidoides, Sambucus nigra, Thymus vulgaris, hyaluronic acid, and saline solutions. However, further rigorous studies should confirm natural products' efficacy and safety to relieve PAC.
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Dávila-Lara A, Reichelt M, Wang D, Vogel H, Mithöfer A. Proof of anthocyanins in the carnivorous plant genus Nepenthes. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:2576-2585. [PMID: 34289256 PMCID: PMC8409308 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow to red colored betalains are a chemotaxonomic feature of Caryophyllales, while in most other plant taxa, anthocyanins are responsible for these colors. The carnivorous plant family Nepenthaceae belongs to Caryophyllales; here, red‐pigmented tissues seem to attract insect prey. Strikingly, the chemical nature of red color in Nepenthes has never been elucidated. Although belonging to Caryophyllales, in Nepenthes, some molecular evidence supports the presence of anthocyanins rather than betalains. However, there was previously no direct chemical proof of this. Using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐high‐resolution mass spectrometry, we identified cyanidin glycosides in Nepenthes species and tissues. Further, we reveal the existence of a complete set of constitutively expressed anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in Nepenthes. Thus, here we finally conclude the long‐term open question regarding red pigmentation in Nepenthaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dávila-Lara
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ding Wang
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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Tienaho J, Reshamwala D, Karonen M, Silvan N, Korpela L, Marjomäki V, Sarjala T. Field-Grown and In Vitro Propagated Round-Leaved Sundew ( Drosera rotundifolia L.) Show Differences in Metabolic Profiles and Biological Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:3581. [PMID: 34208192 PMCID: PMC8230826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosera rotundifolia L. is a carnivorous plant used in traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties. Because of its small size, its collection in nature is laborious and different cultivation methods have been studied to ensure availability. However, only a few studies exist where the lab-grown sundew tissue and field-grown sundew would have been compared in their functionality or metabolic profiles. In this study, the antioxidant and antiviral activities of lab-grown and field-grown sundew extracts and their metabolic profiles are examined. The effect of drying methods on the chromatographic profile of the extracts is also shown. Antioxidant activity was significantly higher (5-6 times) in field-grown sundew but antiviral activity against enterovirus strains coxsackievirus A9 and B3 was similar in higher extract concentrations (cell viability ca. 90%). Metabolic profiles showed that the majority of the identified compounds were the same but field-grown sundew contained higher numbers and amounts of secondary metabolites. Freeze-drying, herbal dryer, and oven or room temperature drying of the extract significantly decreased the metabolite content from -72% up to -100%. Freezing was the best option to preserve the metabolic composition of the sundew extract. In conclusion, when accurately handled, the lab-grown sundew possesses promising antiviral properties, but the secondary metabolite content needs to be higher for it to be considered as a good alternative for the field-grown sundew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Tienaho
- Biomass Characterization and Properties Group, Production Systems Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland; (N.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Dhanik Reshamwala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Seminaarinkatu 15, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (D.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;
| | - Niko Silvan
- Biomass Characterization and Properties Group, Production Systems Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland; (N.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Leila Korpela
- Forest Health and Biodiversity Group, Natural Resources Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Seminaarinkatu 15, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (D.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Tytti Sarjala
- Biomass Characterization and Properties Group, Production Systems Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland; (N.S.); (T.S.)
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Potential of Silver Nanoparticles in Overcoming the Intrinsic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Secondary Metabolites from Carnivorous Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094849. [PMID: 34063704 PMCID: PMC8124972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnivorous plants are exemplary natural sources of secondary metabolites with biological activity. However, the therapeutic antimicrobial potential of these compounds is limited due to intrinsic resistance of selected bacterial pathogens, among which Pseudomonas aeruginosa represents an extreme example. The objective of the study was to overcome the intrinsic resistance of P. aeruginosa by combining silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with secondary metabolites from selected carnivorous plant species. We employed the broth microdilution method, the checkerboard titration technique and comprehensive phytochemical analyses to define interactions between nanoparticles and active compounds from carnivorous plants. It has been confirmed that P. aeruginosa is resistant to a broad range of secondary metabolites from carnivorous plants, i.e., naphthoquinones, flavonoids, phenolic acids (MBC = 512 µg mL−1) and only weakly sensitive to their mixtures, i.e., extracts and extracts’ fractions. However, it was shown that the antimicrobial activity of extracts and fractions with a significant level of naphthoquinone (plumbagin) was significantly enhanced by AgNPs. Our studies clearly demonstrated a crucial role of naphthoquinones in AgNPs and extract interaction, as well as depicted the potential of AgNPs to restore the bactericidal activity of naphthoquinones towards P. aeruginosa. Our findings indicate the significant potential of nanoparticles to modulate the activity of selected secondary metabolites and revisit their antimicrobial potential towards human pathogenic bacteria.
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Norman EO, Tuohey H, Pizzi D, Saidah M, Bell R, Brkljača R, White JM, Gasser RB, Taki AC, Urban S. Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activity of the Australian Carnivorous Plant, Drosera magna. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:964-971. [PMID: 33631073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical profiling was undertaken on the crude extracts of Drosera magna to determine the nature of the chemical constituents present. In total, three new flavonol diglycosides (1-3), one new flavan-3-ol glycoside (4), and 12 previously reported compounds of the flavonol (5, 9), flavan-3-ol (15), flavanone (8), 1,4-napthoquinone (6, 7, 13, 14), 2,3-dehydroxynapthalene-1,4-dione (10-12), and phenolic acid (16) structure classes were isolated and identified. Compounds 1-9, 13, 17, and 18 were assessed for antimicrobial activity, with compounds 6, 7, 8, and 9 showing significant activity. Compounds 1, 2, and 6 were also evaluated for anthelmintic activity against larval forms of Hemonchus contortus, with compound 6 being active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Owen Norman
- School of Science (Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science), RMIT University, GPO Box 2476 Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Hayden Tuohey
- School of Science (Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science), RMIT University, GPO Box 2476 Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - David Pizzi
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Milane Saidah
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille 13397, France
| | - Rachael Bell
- School of Science (Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science), RMIT University, GPO Box 2476 Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Robert Brkljača
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Aya C Taki
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sylvia Urban
- School of Science (Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science), RMIT University, GPO Box 2476 Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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16
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Płachno BJ, Strzemski M, Dresler S, Adamec L, Wojas-Krawczyk K, Sowa I, Danielewicz A, Miranda VFO. A Chemometry of Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. (Waterwheel, Droseraceae) Populations. Molecules 2020; 26:E72. [PMID: 33375725 PMCID: PMC7795913 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Aldrovanda is a Palaeogene element containing a single extant species, Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. This aquatic carnivorous herb has a very wide range of distribution, natively covering four continents; however, it is a critically endangered aquatic plant species worldwide. Previous studies revealed that A. vesiculosa had an extremely low genetic variation. The main aim of the present paper is to explore, using chemometric tools, the diversity of 16 A. vesiculosa populations from various sites from four continents (Eurasia, Africa, Australia). Using chemometric data as markers for genetic diversity, we show the relationships of 16 A. vesiculosa populations from various sites, including four continents. Phytochemical markers allowed the identification of five well-supported (bootstrap > 90%) groups among the 16 populations sampled. The principal component analysis data support the idea that the strongly related African (Botswana) and Australian (Kimberley, NT, NW Australia) populations are the most distant ones, separated from the European and Asian ones. However, considering the five Australian populations sampled, three are nested within the Eurasian group. The chemometric data are correlated positively with the geographical distances between the samples, which suggests a tendency toward isolation for the most distant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz J. Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9 St. 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Dresler
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Lubomír Adamec
- Department of Experimental and Functional Morphology, Institute of Botany CAS, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic;
| | - Kamila Wojas-Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Danielewicz
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Vitor F. O. Miranda
- Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Department of Applied Biology, Campus Jaboticabal, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, São Paulo CEP 14884-900, Brazil;
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Hatcher CR, Ryves DB, Millett J. The function of secondary metabolites in plant carnivory. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:399-411. [PMID: 31760424 PMCID: PMC7061172 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnivorous plants are an ideal model system for evaluating the role of secondary metabolites in plant ecology and evolution. Carnivory is a striking example of convergent evolution to attract, capture and digest prey for nutrients to enhance growth and reproduction and has evolved independently at least ten times. Though the roles of many traits in plant carnivory have been well studied, the role of secondary metabolites in the carnivorous habit is considerably less understood. SCOPE This review provides the first synthesis of research in which secondary plant metabolites have been demonstrated to have a functional role in plant carnivory. From these studies we identify key metabolites for plant carnivory and their functional role, and highlight biochemical similarities across taxa. From this synthesis we provide new research directions for integrating secondary metabolites into understanding of the ecology and evolution of plant carnivory. CONCLUSIONS Carnivorous plants use secondary metabolites to facilitate prey attraction, capture, digestion and assimilation. We found ~170 metabolites for which a functional role in carnivory has been demonstrated. Of these, 26 compounds are present across genera that independently evolved a carnivorous habit, suggesting convergent evolution. Some secondary metabolites have been co-opted from other processes, such as defence or pollinator attraction. Secondary metabolites in carnivorous plants provide a potentially powerful model system for exploring the role of metabolites in plant evolution. They also show promise for elucidating how the generation of novel compounds, as well as the co-option of pre-existing metabolites, provides a strategy for plants to occupy different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David B Ryves
- Geography and Environment, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE, UK
| | - Jonathan Millett
- Geography and Environment, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE, UK
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18
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Toton E, Kedziora I, Romaniuk-Drapala A, Konieczna N, Kaczmarek M, Lisiak N, Paszel-Jaworska A, Rybska A, Duszynska W, Budzianowski J, Rybczynska M, Rubis B. Effect of 3-O-acetylaleuritolic acid from in vitro-cultured Drosera spatulata on cancer cells survival and migration. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:166-178. [PMID: 32016855 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-019-00008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drosera spatulata is a source of many compounds such as naphthoquinones, phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and naphthalene derivatives. Unfortunately, the information regarding the biological activity and chemical profile of those compounds is still incomplete. Herein, we investigated the biological activity of 3-O-acetylaleuritolic acid (3-O-AAA) in cancer cell lines. METHODS The cell viability of HeLa, HT-29, MCF7, and MCF12A cells was assessed using MTT assay. Proliferation potential was assessed using the clonogenic assay and flow cytometry. Migration modulation was tested using a scratch assay. Protein expression was analyzed by immunoblotting. RESULTS 3-O-AAA significantly inhibited the growth of all tested tumor cells. The results of the colony formation assay suggested cytostatic properties of the studied compound. The scratch assay showed that 3-O-AAA was an efficient migration inhibitor in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, it caused modulation of mTOR, beclin1, and Atg5 proteins suggesting a possible role of the compound in autophagy induction. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results demonstrated that 3-O-AAA inhibited the proliferation and migration of cancer cell lines as well as contributed to autophagy induction showing some anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Toton
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Izabela Kedziora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Marii Magdaleny 14, 61-861, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Romaniuk-Drapala
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Konieczna
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Lisiak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Paszel-Jaworska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Rybska
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Jaromir Budzianowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Marii Magdaleny 14, 61-861, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Rybczynska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Blazej Rubis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
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19
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Boonsnongcheep P, Sae-Foo W, Banpakoat K, Channarong S, Chitsaithan S, Uafua P, Putha W, Kerdsiri K, Putalun W. Artificial color light sources and precursor feeding enhance plumbagin production of the carnivorous plants Drosera burmannii and Drosera indica. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 199:111628. [PMID: 31610432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Plumbagin is the main pharmacologically active compound of carnivorous plants in the genera Drosera. It possesses various pharmacological activities, including anticancer and antimalarial activities, and is used in traditional medicine. In this study, we reported a sustainable production system of plumbagin by adding sodium acetate and L-alanine as precursors to in vitro cultures of Drosera burmannii Vahl and Drosera indica L. In addition, plumbagin production was reported in the cultures subjected to different color LED lights. The highest plumbagin level (aerial part 14.625 ± 1.007 mg·g-1 DW and root part 1.806 ± 0.258 mg·g-1 DW) was observed in D. indica cultured under blue LED light for 14 days, and further culturing did not increase plumbagin production. In addition, plumbagin enhancement by precursor feeding (9.850 ± 0.250 mg·g-1 DW, 1.2-fold) was observed in the aerial part of D. indica treated with 50 mg·L-1 sodium acetate for 3 days. Comparing both plants, up to 700-fold higher plumbagin was observed in D. indica than in D. burmannii. Moreover, in both plants, the aerial part accumulated higher plumbagin (up to 10-fold) than the roots. This is the first report on the effect of artificial LED lights on the plumbagin level of Dorsera plants. The culturing of D. indica under blue LED light showed enhanced plumbagin levels and suggests a fast and simple system for the in vitro production of plumbagin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panitch Boonsnongcheep
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), National Research University, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Worapol Sae-Foo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kanpawee Banpakoat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Suwaphat Channarong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sukanda Chitsaithan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pornpimon Uafua
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wattika Putha
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kanchanok Kerdsiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Putalun
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), National Research University, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Gulumian M, Yahaya ES, Steenkamp V. African Herbal Remedies with Antioxidant Activity: A Potential Resource Base for Wound Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:4089541. [PMID: 30595712 PMCID: PMC6282146 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4089541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of traditional herbal remedies as alternative medicine plays an important role in Africa since it forms part of primary health care for treatment of various medical conditions, including wounds. Although physiological levels of free radicals are essential to the healing process, they are known to partly contribute to wound chronicity when in excess. Consequently, antioxidant therapy has been shown to facilitate healing of such wounds. Also, a growing body of evidence suggests that, at least, part of the therapeutic value of herbals may be explained by their antioxidant activity. This paper reviews African herbal remedies with antioxidant activity with the aim of indicating potential resources for wound treatment. Firstly, herbals with identified antioxidant compounds and, secondly, herbals with proven antioxidant activity, but where the compound(s) responsible for the activity has not yet been identified, are listed. In the latter case it has been attempted to ascribe the activity to a compound known to be present in the plant family and/or species, where related activity has previously been documented for another genus of the species. Also, the tests employed to assess antioxidant activity and the potential caveats thereof during assessment are briefly commented on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Gulumian
- National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ewura Seidu Yahaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Vanessa Steenkamp
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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21
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Reveglia P, Savocchia S, Billones-Baaijens R, Masi M, Cimmino A, Evidente A. Diploquinones A and B, Two New Phytotoxic Tetrasubstituted 1,4-Naphthoquinones from Diplodia mutila, a Causal Agent of Grapevine Trunk Disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11968-11973. [PMID: 30360617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two new phytotoxic tetrasubstituted 1,4-naphthoquinones, named diploquinones A and B, were isolated together with vanillic acid from Diplodia mutila (DAR78993), a grapevine pathogen involved in Botryosphaeria dieback in Australia. Diploquinones A and B were characterized as 6,7-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-5-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione and 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-methoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione using spectroscopic methods (essentially 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR and HR ESIMS). The already known vanillic acid was isolated for the first time as fungal phytotoxin and as metabolite of D. mutila. The three compounds were assayed on detached grapevine leaves ( Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz) at concentrations of 10-3 M and 2.5 × 10-3 M. Vanillic acid showed the highest phytotoxic effect on grapevine leaves irrespective of the tested concentration, while diploquinones A and B showed varying degrees of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Reveglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , Via Cintia 4 , 80126 Napoli , Italy
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences , Charles Sturt University , Locked Bag 588 , Wagga Wagga , New South Wales 2678 , Australia
| | - Sandra Savocchia
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences , Charles Sturt University , Locked Bag 588 , Wagga Wagga , New South Wales 2678 , Australia
| | - Regina Billones-Baaijens
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences , Charles Sturt University , Locked Bag 588 , Wagga Wagga , New South Wales 2678 , Australia
| | - Marco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , Via Cintia 4 , 80126 Napoli , Italy
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , Via Cintia 4 , 80126 Napoli , Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , Via Cintia 4 , 80126 Napoli , Italy
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22
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Kokubun T. Occurrence of myo-inositol and alkyl-substituted polysaccharide in the prey-trapping mucilage of Drosera capensis. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2017; 104:83. [PMID: 28940006 PMCID: PMC5610204 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition of the exudate mucilage droplets of the carnivorous plant Drosera capensis was investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The mucilage was found to contain beside a very large molecular weight polysaccharide a significant amount of myo-inositol. It appears that myo-inositol escaped detection due to the commonly applied methodology on the chemical analysis of plant mucilage, such as dialysis, precipitation of polysaccharide component with alcohol, acid hydrolysis and detection of the resultant monosaccharide (aldose) units. The possible functions of myo-inositol in the mucilage droplets and the fate after being washed off from the leaf tentacles are proposed. On the polysaccharide component, the presence of methyl ester and alkyl chain-like moieties could be confirmed. These lipophilic moieties may provide the prey-trapping mucilage with the unique adhesive property onto the hydrophobic insect body parts, as well as onto the nature's well-known superhydrophobic surfaces such as the leaves of the sacred lotus plants. A re-evaluation of the mineral components of the mucilage, reported 40 years ago, is presented from the viewpoints of the current result and plants' natural habitat. A case for re-examination of the well-studied plant mucilaginous materials is made in light of the new findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Kokubun
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK.
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23
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Michalko J, Renner T, Mészáros P, Socha P, Moravčíková J, Blehová A, Libantová J, Polóniová Z, Matušíková I. Molecular characterization and evolution of carnivorous sundew (Drosera rotundifolia L.) class V β-1,3-glucanase. PLANTA 2017; 245:77-91. [PMID: 27580619 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION A gene for β-1,3-glucanase was isolated from carnivorous sundew. It is active in leaves and roots, but not in digestive glands. Analyses in transgenic tobacco suggest its function in germination. Ancestral plant β-1,3-glucanases (EC 3.2.1.39) played a role in cell division and cell wall remodelling, but divergent evolution has extended their roles in plant defense against stresses to decomposition of prey in carnivorous plants. As available gene sequences from carnivorous plants are rare, we isolated a glucanase gene from roundleaf sundew (Drosera rotundifolia L.) by a genome walking approach. Computational predictions recognized typical gene features and protein motifs described for other plant β-1,3-glucanases. Phylogenetic reconstructions suggest strong support for evolutionary relatedness to class V β-1,3-glucanases, including homologs that are active in the traps of related carnivorous species. The gene is expressed in sundew vegetative tissues but not in flowers and digestive glands, and encodes for a functional enzyme when expressed in transgenic tobacco. Detailed analyses of the supposed promoter both in silico and in transgenic tobacco suggest that this glucanase plays a role in development. Specific spatiotemporal activity was observed during transgenic seed germination. Later during growth, the sundew promoter was active in marginal and sub-marginal areas of apical true leaf meristems of young tobacco plants. These results suggest that the isolated glucanase gene is regulated endogenously, possibly by auxin. This is the first report on a nuclear gene study from sundew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Michalko
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, P.O. Box 39A, 950 07, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Tanya Renner
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-4614, USA
| | - Patrik Mészáros
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nábrežie mládeže 91, 949 74, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Socha
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, P.O. Box 39A, 950 07, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Moravčíková
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, P.O. Box 39A, 950 07, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Alžbeta Blehová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina B2, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Libantová
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, P.O. Box 39A, 950 07, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Polóniová
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, P.O. Box 39A, 950 07, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Ildikó Matušíková
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, P.O. Box 39A, 950 07, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
- Department of Ecochemistry and Radioecology, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, J. Herdu 2, 917 01, Trnava, Slovak Republic.
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Widhalm JR, Rhodes D. Biosynthesis and molecular actions of specialized 1,4-naphthoquinone natural products produced by horticultural plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2016; 3:16046. [PMID: 27688890 PMCID: PMC5030760 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2016.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The 1,4-naphthoquinones (1,4-NQs) are a diverse group of natural products found in every kingdom of life. Plants, including many horticultural species, collectively synthesize hundreds of specialized 1,4-NQs with ecological roles in plant-plant (allelopathy), plant-insect and plant-microbe interactions. Numerous horticultural plants producing 1,4-NQs have also served as sources of traditional medicines for hundreds of years. As a result, horticultural species have been at the forefront of many basic studies conducted to understand the metabolism and function of specialized plant 1,4-NQs. Several 1,4-NQ natural products derived from horticultural plants have also emerged as promising scaffolds for developing new drugs. In this review, the current understanding of the core metabolic pathways leading to plant 1,4-NQs is provided with additional emphasis on downstream natural products originating from horticultural species. An overview on the biochemical mechanisms of action, both from an ecological and pharmacological perspective, of 1,4-NQs derived from horticultural plants is also provided. In addition, future directions for improving basic knowledge about plant 1,4-NQ metabolism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Widhalm
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA
- ()
| | - David Rhodes
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA
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Braunberger C, Zehl M, Conrad J, Wawrosch C, Strohbach J, Beifuss U, Krenn L. Flavonoids as chemotaxonomic markers in the genus Drosera. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 118:74-82. [PMID: 26342620 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The botanical classification of the huge genus Drosera remains controversial since long. In the present study, the pattern of major phenolic compounds in ten Drosera species belonging to seven different subgenera and/or sections of the genus was investigated for chemotaxonomic allocation. The composition of flavonoids and ellagic acid derivatives in Drosera adelae, Drosera burmannii, Drosera dielsiana, Drosera hilaris, Drosera montana, Drosera petiolaris, and Drosera pygmaea was elucidated for the first time. The scarce data on these compounds in Drosera binata, Drosera aliciae, and Drosera spatulata were complemented significantly. Detailed LC-DAD-MS, LC-NMR, and offline 1D and 2D NMR analyses resulted in the unambiguous identification of around 40 different substances, three of them (8-hydroxy-luteolin-8-O-arabinopyranoside, tricetin-7-O-xylopyranoside and 8-hydroxytricetin-8-O-arabinopyranoside) being natural products described for the first time. The distribution of the compounds characterized underlines their potential to serve as chemotaxonomic markers in this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Braunberger
- Institute of Chemistry, Hohenheim University, Garbenstrasse 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Martin Zehl
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jürgen Conrad
- Institute of Chemistry, Hohenheim University, Garbenstrasse 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Christoph Wawrosch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jaqueline Strohbach
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe Beifuss
- Institute of Chemistry, Hohenheim University, Garbenstrasse 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Liselotte Krenn
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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