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Wang L, Geng G, Xie H, Zhou L, He Y, Li Z, Qiao F. A Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Study on the Biosynthesis of Iridoids in Phlomoides rotata from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1627. [PMID: 38931059 PMCID: PMC11207590 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Phlomoides rotata is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that grows in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region at a 3100-5000 m altitude. Iridoid compounds are the main active compounds of the P. rotata used as medical ingredients and display anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and hepatoprotective properties. To better understand the biological mechanisms of iridoid compounds in this species, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of P. rotata leaves from four different regions (3540-4270 m). Global metabolome profiling detected 575 metabolites, and 455 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected in P. rotata leaves from the four regions. Eight major DAMs related to iridoid metabolism in P. rotata leaves were investigated: shanzhiside methyl ester, 8-epideoxyloganic acid, barlerin, shanzhiside, geniposide, agnuside, feretoside, and catalpin. In addition, five soil physical and chemical indicators in P. rotata rhizosphere soils were analyzed. Four significant positive correlations were observed between alkaline nitrogen and geniposide, exchangeable calcium and geniposide, available potassium and shanzhiside, and available phosphorus and shanzhiside methyl ester. The transcriptome data showed 12 P. rotata cDNA libraries with 74.46 Gb of clean data, which formed 29,833 unigenes. Moreover, 78.91% of the unigenes were annotated using the eight public databases. Forty-one candidate genes representing 23 enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of iridoid compounds were identified in P. rotata leaves. Moreover, the DXS1, IDI1, 8-HGO1, and G10H2 genes associated with iridoid biosynthesis were specifically expressed in P. rotata. The integration of transcriptome and metabolome analyses highlights the crucial role of soil physical and chemical indicators and major gene expression related to iridoid metabolism pathways in P. rotata from different areas. Our findings provide a theoretical foundation for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying iridoid compound accumulation in P. rotata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (L.W.); (H.X.); (L.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Guigong Geng
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
| | - Huichun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (L.W.); (H.X.); (L.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.)
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
| | - Lianyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (L.W.); (H.X.); (L.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.)
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
| | - Yujiao He
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (L.W.); (H.X.); (L.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zuxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (L.W.); (H.X.); (L.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Feng Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (L.W.); (H.X.); (L.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.)
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
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Habibi P, Ostad SN, Heydari A, Aliebrahimi S, Montazeri V, Foroushani AR, Monazzam MR, Ghazi-Khansari M, Golbabaei F. Effect of heat stress on DNA damage: a systematic literature review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:2147-2158. [PMID: 36178536 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02351-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Thermal stress has a direct effect on various types of DNA damage, which depends on the stage of the cell cycle when the cell is exposed to different climate conditions. A literature review was conducted to systematically investigate and assess the overall effect of heat stress and DNA damage following heat exposure. In this study, electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to find relevant literature on DNA damage in different ambient temperatures. Outcomes included (1) measurement of DNA damage in heat exposure, (2) three different quantification methods (comet assay, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and γ-H2AX), and (3) protocols used for moderate (31) and high temperatures (42). The evidence shows that long exposure and very high temperature can induce an increase in DNA damage through aggregate in natural proteins, ROS generation, cell death, and reproductive damage in hot-humid and hot-dry climate conditions. A substantial increase in DNA damage occurs following acute heat stress exposure, especially in tropical and subtropical climate conditions. The results of this systematic literature review showed a positive association between thermal stress exposure and inhibition of repair of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peymaneh Habibi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Naser Ostad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Heydari
- Department of Health in Disaster and Emergencies, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shima Aliebrahimi
- Artificial Intelligence Department, Smart University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Montazeri
- Artificial Intelligence Department, Smart University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimi Foroushani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Monazzam
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Golbabaei
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tang JJ, Zhao N, Gao YQ, Han R, Wang XY, Tian JM, Gao JM. Phytosterol profiles and iridoids of the edible Eucommia ulmoides Oliver seeds and their anti-inflammatory potential. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li A, Yuan JF, Gong Q, Zhang N, Chen LY, Luo YY, Cui YR, Wang HL, Liu RH. Effects of Eucommia ulmoides extract against renal injury caused by long-term high purine diets in rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:5607-5620. [PMID: 34018492 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02802a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diets of overloaded purine-rich foods for a long time are one of the important reasons to cause renal lesions. Eucommia ulmoides is one of the traditional Chinese medicine herbs, which has been used to recover functions of the kidney. However, its mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the effects and protective mechanism of Eucommia ulmoides extract on renal injury caused by long-term high purine diets in rats. SD rats underwent an intragastric adenine (200 mg kg-1 d-1) administration for 9 weeks and were treated for 15 weeks. The results demonstrated that Eucommia ulmoides extract significantly reduced serum Cre and BUN levels in rats. H&E and Masson's trichrome stains showed notable lowering of the infiltration of inflammatory cells, the formation of fibrous tissues and collagen fibers, and improvement in the pathological morphology of kidneys. It also suppressed the protein and mRNA expressions of TGF-β1 and α-SMA and enhanced E-cadherin expression. Meanwhile, Eucommia ulmoides extract prominently inhibited the mRNA expression of Col I, Col III, Col IV, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 and promoted expressions of MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Through our study, it is the first time to prove that Eucommia ulmoides extract could ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis and may involve in the regulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation enzyme (MMPs/TIMPs) system, promotion of the expression of E-cadherin, and suppression of expressions of TGF-β1 and α-SMA. The results provide a significant implication for the utilization of Eunomia Ulmoides extract as functional foods to enhance renal functions and improve renal injury caused by high purine diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Li
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.
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Siu WS, Shum WT, Cheng W, Wong CW, Shiu HT, Ko CH, Leung PC, Lam CWK, Wong CK. Topical application of Chinese herbal medicine DAEP relieves the osteoarthritic knee pain in rats. Chin Med 2019; 14:55. [PMID: 31827595 PMCID: PMC6902578 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potential adverse effects of conventional oral pharmacotherapy of osteoarthritis (OA) restrict their long-term use. Topical application of a Chinese herbal paste for relieving OA knee pain can be effective and safe. However, evidence-based scientific research is insufficient to support its application worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo efficacy of a topical Chinese herbal paste on relieving OA knee pain and its underlying mechanism. Methods An OA rat model was developed by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) followed by treadmill running. A herbal paste including Dipsaci Radix, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, Eucommiae Cortex and Psoraleae Fructus, named as DAEP, was applied topically on the knee joint of the rats (DAEP). The rats without DAEP treatment served as Control. Rats with surgery but without ACLT, treadmill running and DAEP treatment acted as Sham. The morphologic change of the knee joint was observed radiographically. Nociception from the knee of the rats was assessed using Incapacitent test and CatWalk gait system. The therapeutic mechanism was investigated by analyzing the gene and protein expression of inflammatory markers via qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Results Radiographic images showed less destruction at the posterior tibial plateau of the DAEP group compared with the Control after 2 weeks of treatment. The static weight ratio and the gait parameters of the Control were reduced significantly via Incapacitance test and CatWalk gait analysis, respectively. DAEP treatment increased the Print Area and Maximum Intensity significantly compared with the Control. DAEP significantly suppressed the upregulation of gene expression of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Conclusions DAEP exhibited its effect via the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway by suppressing the phosphorylation of IκB kinase αβ (p-IKKαβ) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression. This study provides scientific evidence to support the clinical application of the Chinese herbal paste on reliving OA pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Sum Siu
- 1Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong SAR, China.,2State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Ting Shum
- 1Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong SAR, China.,2State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- 1Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong SAR, China.,2State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Wai Wong
- 1Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong SAR, China.,2State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hoi Ting Shiu
- 1Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Hay Ko
- 1Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- 1Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong SAR, China.,2State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christopher Wai Kei Lam
- Faculty of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- 1Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong SAR, China.,2State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT Hong Kong SAR, China.,5Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Chen PC, Zhang H, Zheng P. Direct biodegradation of eugenol to coniferyl aldehyde and other higher value-added products by Gibberella fujikuroi ZH-34. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most efficient ways to treat cancer. However, deleterious effects, such as acute and chronic toxicities that reduce the quality of life, may result. Naturally occurring compounds have been shown to be non-toxic over wide dose ranges and are inexpensive and effective. Additionally, pharmacological strategies have been developed that use radioprotectors to inhibit radiation-induced toxicities. Currently available radioprotectors have several limitations, including toxicity. In this review, we present the mechanisms of proven radioprotectors, ranging from free radical scavenging (the best-known mechanism of radioprotection) to molecular-based radioprotection (e.g., upregulating expression of heat shock proteins). Finally, we discuss naturally occurring compounds with radioprotective properties in the context of these mechanisms.
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Heat Shock Protein-Inducing Property of Diarylheptanoid Containing Chalcone Moiety from Alpinia katsumadai. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101750. [PMID: 29039794 PMCID: PMC6151646 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A new diarylheptanoid containing a chalcone moiety, katsumain H (1), was isolated from the seeds of Alpinia katsumadai. The structure was elucidated using a combination of 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry data analysis. The absolute configurations of C-3, C-5, and C-7 in 1 were assigned based on its optical rotation and after comparing its NMR chemical shifts with those of its diastereoisomers, katsumain E and katsumain F, which were previously isolated from this plant and characterized. In this study, the stimulatory effects of compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated on heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), and HSP70. Compounds 1 and 2 increased the expression of HSF1 (1.056- and 1.200-fold, respectively), HSP27 (1.312- and 1.242-fold, respectively), and HSP70 (1.234- and 1.271-fold, respectively), without increased cytotoxicity.
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Vasconcelos AL, Santos AV, Padilha RJ, Alves LC, Randau KP. Anatomical characterization of ultra-structures, biominerals and histolocalization of metabolites in leaves of Genipa americana. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Choi SK, Mun GI, Choi E, Kim SY, Kwon Y, Na Y, Lee YS. The Conjugated Double Bond of Coniferyl Aldehyde Is Essential for Heat Shock Factor 1 Mediated Cytotoprotection. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2379-2383. [PMID: 28737916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coniferyl aldehyde (1) is previously reported as a potent inducer of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). Here, we further examined the active pharmacophore of 1 for activation of HSF1 using the derivatives coniferyl alcohol (2), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylpropanal (3), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylpropanol (4). Both 1 and 2 resulted in increased survival days after a lethal radiation (IR) dose. The decrease in bone marrow (BM) cellularity and Ki67-positive BM cells by IR was also significantly restored by 1 or 2 in mice. These results suggested that the vinyl moiety of 1 and 2 is necessary for inducing HSF1, which may be useful for developing small molecules for cytoprotection of normal cells against damage by cytotoxic drugs and radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Ki Choi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Gil-Im Mun
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Eun Choi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Seo-Young Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Younghwa Na
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University , Pocheon 487-010, Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea
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12
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Kil YS, Choi SK, Lee YS, Jafari M, Seo EK. Chalcones from Angelica keiskei: Evaluation of Their Heat Shock Protein Inducing Activities. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2481-2487. [PMID: 26431394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Five new chalcones, 4,2',4'-trihydroxy-3'-[(2E,5E)-7-methoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,5-octadienyl]chalcone (1), (±)-4,2',4'-trihydroxy-3'-[(2E)-6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl]chalcone (2), 4,2',4'-trihydroxy-3'-[(2E)-3-methyl-5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-2-pentenyl]chalcone (3), 2',3'-furano-4-hydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone (4), and (±)-4-hydroxy-2',3'-(2,3-dihydro-2-methoxyfurano)-4'-methoxychalcone (5), were isolated from the aerial parts of Angelica keiskei Koidzumi together with eight known chalcones, 6-13, which were identified as (±)-4,2',4'-trihydroxy-3'-[(6E)-2-hydroxy-7-methyl-3-methylene-6-octenyl]chalcone (6), xanthoangelol (7), xanthoangelol F (8), xanthoangelol G (9), 4-hydroxyderricin (10), xanthoangelol D (11), xanthoangelol E (12), and xanthoangelol H (13), respectively. Chalcones 1-13 were evaluated for their promoter activity on heat shock protein 25 (hsp25, murine form of human hsp27). Compounds 1 and 6 activated the hsp25 promoter by 21.9- and 29.2-fold of untreated control at 10 μM, respectively. Further protein expression patterns of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), HSP70, and HSP27 by 1 and 6 were examined. Compound 6 increased the expression of HSF1, HSP70, and HSP27 by 4.3-, 1.5-, and 4.6-fold of untreated control, respectively, without any significant cellular cytotoxicities, whereas 1 did not induce any expression of these proteins. As a result, 6 seems to be a prospective HSP inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Seo Kil
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Mahtab Jafari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Eun-Kyoung Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea
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Preparative Purification of Liriodendrin from Sargentodoxa cuneata by Macroporous Resin. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:861256. [PMID: 26236742 PMCID: PMC4508389 DOI: 10.1155/2015/861256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The preparative purification of liriodendrin from Sargentodoxa cuneata using macroporous resin combined with crystallization process was evaluated. The properties of adsorption/desorption of liriodendrin on eight macroporous resins were investigated systematically. X-5 resin was selected as the most suitable medium for liriodendrin purification. The adsorption of liriodendrin on X-5 resin fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. Dynamic adsorption/desorption tests were performed using a glass column packed with X-5 resin to optimize the separation process of liriodendrin. After one treatment with X-5 resin, the content of liriodendrin in the product was increased 48.73-fold, from 0.85% to 41.42%, with a recovery yield of 88.9%. 97.48% liriodendrin was obtained by further crystallization and determined by HPLC. The purified product possessed strong antioxidant activity. In conclusion, purification of liriodendrin might expend its further pharmacological researches and further applications in pharmacy.
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Jeong YJ, Jung MG, Son Y, Jang JH, Lee YJ, Kim SH, Ko YG, Lee YS, Lee HJ. Coniferyl aldehyde attenuates radiation enteropathy by inhibiting cell death and promoting endothelial cell function. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128552. [PMID: 26029925 PMCID: PMC4452689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation enteropathy is a common complication in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether radiation-induced intestinal injury could be alleviated by coniferyl aldehyde (CA), an HSF1-inducing agent that increases cellular HSP70 expression. We systemically administered CA to mice with radiation enteropathy following abdominal irradiation (IR) to demonstrate the protective effects of CA against radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury. CA clearly alleviated acute radiation-induced intestinal damage, as reflected by the histopathological data and it also attenuated sub-acute enteritis. CA prevented intestinal crypt cell death and protected the microvasculature in the lamina propria during the acute and sub-acute phases of damage. CA induced HSF1 and HSP70 expression in both intestinal epithelial cells and endothelial cells in vitro. Additionally, CA protected against not only the apoptotic cell death of both endothelial and epithelial cells but also the loss of endothelial cell function following IR, indicating that CA has beneficial effects on the intestine. Our results provide novel insight into the effects of CA and suggest its role as a therapeutic candidate for radiation-induced enteropathy due to its ability to promote rapid re-proliferation of the intestinal epithelium by the synergic effects of the inhibition of cell death and the promotion of endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ji Jeong
- Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Gu Jung
- Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonghoon Son
- Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Jang
- Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Jin Lee
- Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Gyo Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Division of Life & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (HJL); (YSL)
| | - Hae-June Lee
- Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (HJL); (YSL)
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Coniferyl aldehyde reduces radiation damage through increased protein stability of heat shock transcriptional factor 1 by phosphorylation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 91:807-16. [PMID: 25752395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously screened natural compounds and found that coniferyl aldehyde (CA) was identified as an inducer of HSF1. In this study, we further examined the protective effects of CA against ionizing radiation (IR) in normal cell system. METHODS AND MATERIALS Western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction tests were performed to evaluate expression of HSF1, HSP27, and HSP70 in response to CA. Cell death and cleavage of PARP and caspase-3 were analyzed to determine the protective effects of CA in the presence of IR or taxol. The protective effects of CA were also evaluated using animal models. RESULTS CA increased stability of the HSF1 protein by phosphorylation at Ser326, which was accompanied by increased expression of HSP27 and HSP70. HSF1 phosphorylation at Ser326 by CA was mediated by EKR1/2 activation. Cotreatment of CA with IR or taxol in normal cells induced protective effects with phosphorylation- dependent patterns at Ser326 of HSF1. The decrease in bone marrow (BM) cellularity and increase of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive BM cells by IR were also significantly inhibited by CA in mice (30.6% and 56.0%, respectively). A549 lung orthotopic lung tumor model indicated that CA did not affect the IR-mediated reduction of lung tumor nodules, whereas CA protected normal lung tissues from the therapeutic irradiation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CA may be useful for inducing HSF1 to protect against normal cell damage after IR or chemotherapeutic agents.
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Kil YS, Park JY, Kim Y, Nam SJ, Kim SJ, Kim YS, Seo EK. Utilization of circular dichroism experiment to distinguish acanthoside D and eleutheroside E. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:1921-5. [PMID: 25802110 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two lignan glycosides, acanthoside D (1) (=liriodendrin, (+)-syringaresinol di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) and eleutheroside E (2) have been confused each other for so long time, and hard to be distinguished each other. Now, this two compounds need to be defined properly so that all the commercial mistakes and confusions should not be made. They have identical planar structures except for the configurations at C-7 and C-8 in each structure according to the chemistry database, SciFinder(®). The systematic name of acanthoside D is [(1S,3aR,4S,6aR)-tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan-1,4-diyl]bis(2,6-dimethoxy-4,1-phenylene) bis-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), and the name of eleutheroside E is [(1R,3aR,4S,6aS)-tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan-1,4-diyl]bis(2,6-dimethoxy-4,1-phenylene) bis-β-D-glucopyranoside (2). The differences at two chiral centers do not make any differences in the NMR spectra. Thus, the circular dichroism were utilized to dissolve this difficult problem. Acanthoside D (1) showed a positive Cotton effect at 200 nm, whereas eleutheroside E (2) exhibited a negative cotton effect at 200 nm. The absolute structure of acanthoside D was also confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Seo Kil
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Global Top5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Global Top5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - Youngmee Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Global Top5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Global Top5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Global Top5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - Yeong Shik Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 156-742, Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Global Top5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea.
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