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Three Chemically Distinct Floral Ecotypes in Drakaea livida, an Orchid Pollinated by Sexual Deception of Thynnine Wasps. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030260. [PMID: 35161242 PMCID: PMC8840651 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sexually deceptive orchids are unusual among plants in that closely related species typically attract different pollinator species using contrasting blends of floral volatiles. Therefore, intraspecific variation in pollinator attraction may also be underpinned by differences in floral volatiles. Here, we tested for the presence of floral ecotypes in the sexually deceptive orchid Drakaea livida and investigated if the geographic range of floral ecotypes corresponded to variation in pollinator availability. Pollinator choice trials revealed the presence of three floral ecotypes within D. livida that each attracts a different species of thynnine wasp as a pollinator. Surveys of pollinator distribution revealed that the distribution of one of the ecotypes was strongly correlated with that of its pollinator, while another pollinator species was present throughout the range of all three ecotypes, demonstrating that pollinator availability does not always correlate with ecotype distribution. Floral ecotypes differed in chemical volatile composition, with a high degree of separation evident in principal coordinate analysis. Some compounds that differed between ecotypes, including pyrazines and (methylthio)phenols, are known to be electrophysiologically active in thynnine wasp antennae. Based on differences in pollinator response and floral volatile profile, the ecotypes represent distinct entities and should be treated as such in conservation management.
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Ruraż K, Piwowarczyk R, Gajdoš P, Krasylenko Y, Čertík M. Fatty acid composition in seeds of holoparasitic Orobanchaceae from the Caucasus region: Relation to species, climatic conditions and nutritional value. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 179:112510. [PMID: 33002658 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The specialization of parasitic plants from the Orobanchaceae family to the heterotrophic lifestyle caused several morphological, physiological and molecular changes. One of the adaptations to the parasitic lifestyle is the production of a large number of the smallest seeds in world flora, also called "dust-seeds". Seeds of 34 holoparasitic species from the Cistanche, Orobanche, Phelipanche, and Phelypaea genera were collected in the Caucasus region (54 samples) and their fatty acid content and compositions analysed. Of these seeds, 28 were investigated for the first time, and 12 are endemic to the Caucasus (one of the most important biodiversity hotspots in the world). The influence of different hosts, populations, habitats, and climatic conditions on the fatty acid content and composition, as well as some connections of taxonomic classification are discussed. The fatty acid content in the species varied between 0.9 and 42.5%, and showed quantitative differences at generic and infrageneric levels, while displaying uniform fatty acid composition. Thirteen fatty acids were identified, of which nine were undescribed for Orobanchaceae. The fatty acid composition of the Orobanchaceae seeds represented a mixture of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (average 7.8%) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) (average 92.2%). The fatty acid content in the Orobanchaceae seeds was directly unrelated to taxonomy, while the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio supported the clear separation of the Orobanche and Phelipanche genera. Orobanchaceae seeds contained mainly linoleic and oleic acids, thus they could be a potential nutritional source of the unsaturated fatty acids. Additionally, the studies confirmed the hypothesis that the degree of seed oil fatty acid unsaturation increased in colder climatic conditions, especially for the Orobanche genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Ruraż
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, PL-25-406, Kielce, Poland.
| | - Renata Piwowarczyk
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, PL-25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Peter Gajdoš
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Yuliya Krasylenko
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-83 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Čertík
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Guerin C, Serret J, Montúfar R, Vaissayre V, Bastos-Siqueira A, Durand-Gasselin T, Tregear J, Morcillo F, Dussert S. Palm seed and fruit lipid composition: phylogenetic and ecological perspectives. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:157-172. [PMID: 31665224 PMCID: PMC7080222 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Palms are vital to worldwide human nutrition, in particular as major sources of vegetable oils. However, our knowledge of seed and fruit lipid diversity in the family Arecaceae is limited. We therefore aimed to explore relationships between seed and fruit lipid content, fatty acid composition in the respective tissues, phylogenetic factors and biogeographical parameters. METHODS Oil content and fatty acid composition were characterized in seeds and fruits of 174 and 144 palm species respectively. Distribution, linear regression and multivariate analyses allowed an evaluation of the chemotaxonomic value of these traits and their potential relationship with ecological factors. KEY RESULTS A considerable intra-family diversity for lipid traits was revealed. Species with the most lipid-rich seeds belonged to the tribe Cocoseae, while species accumulating oil in the mesocarp occurred in all subfamilies and two-thirds of the tribes studied. Seed and fruit lipid contents were not correlated. Fatty acid composition of mesocarp oil was highly variable within tribes. By contrast, within-tribe diversity for seed lipid traits was low, whereas between-tribe variability was high. Consequently, multivariate analyses of seed lipid traits produced groupings of species belonging to the same tribe. Medium-chain fatty acids predominated in seeds of most palm species, but they were also accumulated in the mesocarp in some cases. Seed unsaturated fatty acid content correlated with temperature at the coldest latitude of natural occurrence. CONCLUSION Several previously uncharacterized palms were identified as potential new sources of vegetable oils for comestible or non-food use. Seed lipid traits reflect genetic drift that occurred during the radiation of the family and therefore are highly relevant to palm chemotaxonomy. Our data also suggest that seed unsaturated fatty acids may provide an adaptive advantage in the coldest environments colonized by palms by maintaining storage lipids in liquid form for efficient mobilization during germination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rommel Montúfar
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Barbosa MO, Coutinho DJG, Santos J, Cordeiro RP, Muniz LR, Alves RC, Bessa CMAS, da Silva MV, Oliveira MBPP, de Oliveira AFM. Composition of fatty acids, tocopherols, tocotrienols and β-carotene content in oils of seeds of Brazilian Sapindaceae and Meliaceae species. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 56:3164-3169. [PMID: 31205372 PMCID: PMC6542901 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzes the lipid composition and the oxidative stability of oils of Sapindaceae and Meliaceae seeds. The oil content ranged from 14.7% (Guarea guidonia) to 30.1% (Allophylus puberulus and Paullinia elegans). Ten fatty acids were identified in seed oils. Guarea guidonia seeds accumulated mainly oleic (44.9%) and linoleic (24.1%) acid, whereas the unusual gondoic and paullinic acids were identified in A. puberulus (15.8%; 8.9%) and P. elegans (14.4%; 44.2%), respectively. The oil of P. elegans had the highest oxidative stability (16.2 h.). Tocopherol predominated in A. puberulus (10.4 mg/100 g) and tocotrienol predominated in G. guidonea and P. elegans (2.6 mg/100 g). The vitamers α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and γ-tocotrienol were found in the studied oils. β-carotene was predominantly detected in the oil of A. puberulus seeds (22.4 μg/g). Guarea guidonia seed oil has a high potential in food due to richness in essential fatty acids. In turn, A. puberulus and P. elegans oils could be suggested for other industrial purposes (e.g., biodiesel, varnishes, paints, soaps, or oleochemicals) due to their content of long-chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. O. Barbosa
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50.670-901 Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste (CETENE – MCTIC), Av. Prof. Luís Freire, 1 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50.740-540 Brazil
| | - D. J. G. Coutinho
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50.670-901 Brazil
| | - J. Santos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - R. P. Cordeiro
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50.670-901 Brazil
| | - L. R. Muniz
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50.670-901 Brazil
| | - R. C. Alves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - C. M. A. S. Bessa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50.670-901 Brazil
| | - M. V. da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50.670-901 Brazil
| | - M. B. P. P. Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - A. F. M. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50.670-901 Brazil
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Matthäus B, Li P, Ma F, Zhou H, Jiang J, Özcan MM. Is the Profile of Fatty Acids, Tocopherols, and Amino Acids Suitable to Differentiate Pinus armandii
Suspicious to Be Responsible for the Pine Nut Syndrome from Other Pinus
Species? Chem Biodivers 2017; 15. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peiwu Li
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Oil Crops Research Institute; Xu Dong 2nd Road Wuhan P. R. China
- Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops; Xu Dong 2nd Road Wuhan P. R. China
- Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins; Xu Dong 2nd Road Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Fei Ma
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Oil Crops Research Institute; Xu Dong 2nd Road Wuhan P. R. China
- Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops; Xu Dong 2nd Road Wuhan P. R. China
- Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins; Xu Dong 2nd Road Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Oil Crops Research Institute; Xu Dong 2nd Road Wuhan P. R. China
- Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops; Xu Dong 2nd Road Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Oil Crops Research Institute; Xu Dong 2nd Road Wuhan P. R. China
- Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops; Xu Dong 2nd Road Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Mehmet Musa Özcan
- Department of Food Engineering; Faculty of Agriculture; Selcuk University; 42031 Konya Turkey
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Silva FL, Silva JLD, Silva JM, Marcolin LS, Nouailhetas VL, Yoshida M, Vendramini PH, Eberlin MN, Barbosa-Filho JM, Moreno PR. Antispasmodic activity from Serjania caracasana fractions and their safety. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhang XX, Zhang YL, Niu LX, Sun JY, Li LH, Zhang J, Li J. Chemometric Classification of Different Tree Peony Species Native to China Based on the Assessment of Major Fatty Acids of Seed Oil and Phenotypic Characteristics of the Seeds. Chem Biodivers 2016; 14. [PMID: 27451016 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we quantitatively measured five major fatty acids (FA) in seed oil using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and examined four phenotypic characteristics of the seeds from 19 populations from nine wild tree peony species native to China. The results showed that the unsaturated FAs contents were dominant, of which α-linolenic acid (ALA), linoleic acid, and oleic acid (OA) contents ranged from 14.84 to 42.54 g/100 g, 7.33 to 19.66 g/100 g, and 15.07 - 35.31 g/100 g crude oil, respectively. The phenotypic seed characteristics, such as thousand seed weight (244.01 - 1772.91 g), seed volume (91.31 - 1000.79 mm3 ), weight rate of kernel and coat (1.29 - 3.62) and oil extraction ratio (20.32 - 34.69%), dramatically varied. Based on the contents of the five FAs, the nine species were classified into two groups. The species belonging to subsection Vaginatae were arranged in cluster I and were characterized by high ALA content. Cluster II, consistent with subsection Delavayanae, had a high OA content. From horizontal and vertical perspectives, the natural distribution areas of these two groups were different, reflecting differences in the FA contents and phenotypic seed characteristics. In conclusion, the FAs composition could be used as a chemotaxonomic marker for tree peony species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Long Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xin Niu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yi Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Hao Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
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