1
|
Guo Q, Shi M, Sarengaowa, Xiao Z, Xiao Y, Feng K. Recent Advances in the Distribution, Chemical Composition, Health Benefits, and Application of the Fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii. Foods 2024; 13:2278. [PMID: 39063362 PMCID: PMC11275593 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii (S. grosvenorii) have attracted a lot of scientific interest as part of the current healthy diet. S. grosvenorii has diverse health-promoting effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, respiratory modulation, metabolic modulation, antitumor, and neuroprotective effects, as well as gastrointestinal function modulation. As a plant resource, S. grosvenorii has broad application prospects, which promotes the development of the horticultural industry. Moreover, Mogroside has attracted much attention as an important active ingredient of S. grosvenorii. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the distribution, chemical composition, health benefits, and application of S. grosvenorii, particularly Mogroside. This comprehensive exploration highlights the important therapeutic potential of S. grosvenorii, prompting further research into its applications. As value-added functional ingredients, S. grosvenorii and its constituents have significant potential for disease prevention and are widely used in the development of food and health supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qihan Guo
- Medical Science Division, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China (M.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.X.)
| | - Minke Shi
- Medical Science Division, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China (M.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.X.)
| | - Sarengaowa
- College of Life Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Zhewen Xiao
- Medical Science Division, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China (M.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.X.)
| | - Ying Xiao
- Medical Science Division, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China (M.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.X.)
| | - Ke Feng
- Medical Science Division, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China (M.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang H, Peng Z, Zhan S, Li W, Liu D, Huang S, Zhu Y, Wang W. A comprehensive review of Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey: chemical composition, pharmacology, toxicology, status of resources development, and applications. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1388747. [PMID: 38638866 PMCID: PMC11024725 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1388747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey (S. grosvenorii), a perennial indigenous liana from the Cucurbitaceae family, has historically played a significant role in southern China's traditional remedies for various ailments. Its dual classification by the Chinese Ministry of Health for both medicinal and food utility underscores its has the potential of versatile applications. Recent research has shed light on the chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and toxicity of S. grosvenorii. Its active ingredients include triterpenoids, flavonoids, amino acids, volatile oils, polysaccharides, minerals, vitamins, and other microconstituents. Apart from being a natural sweetener, S. grosvenorii has been found to have numerous pharmacological effects, including alleviating cough and phlegm, preventing dental caries, exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects, anti-aging and anti-oxidative, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, anti-depression, anti-fatigue, anti-schizophrenic, anti-Parkinson, anti-fibrotic, and anti-tumor activities. Despite its versatile potential, there is still a lack of systematic research on S. grosvenorii to date. This paper aims to address this gap by providing an overview of the main active components, pharmacological efficacy, toxicity, current status of development and application, development dilemmas, and strategies for intensive exploitation and utilization of S. grosvenorii. This paper aims to serve as a guide for researchers and practitioners committed to exploiting the biological resources of S. grosvenorii and further exploring its interdisciplinary potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaxue Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research and Development Institute of Hunan Huacheng Biotech, Inc., Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Natural Sweetener Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Peng
- Research and Development Institute of Hunan Huacheng Biotech, Inc., Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Natural Sweetener Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Zhan
- Research and Development Institute of Hunan Huacheng Biotech, Inc., Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Natural Sweetener Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Research and Development Institute of Hunan Huacheng Biotech, Inc., Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Natural Sweetener Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dai Liu
- Research and Development Institute of Hunan Huacheng Biotech, Inc., Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Natural Sweetener Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sirui Huang
- Research and Development Institute of Hunan Huacheng Biotech, Inc., Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Natural Sweetener Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yizhun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu J, Jian Y, Wang H, Huang H, Gong L, Liu G, Yang Y, Wang W. A Review of the Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of the Fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle): A Traditional Chinese Medicinal Food. Molecules 2022; 27:6618. [PMID: 36235155 PMCID: PMC9572582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey ex Lu et Z. Y. Zhang is a unique economic and medicinal plant of Cucurbitaceae in Southern China. For hundreds of years, Chinese people have used the fruit of S. grosvenorii as an excellent natural sweetener and traditional medicine for lung congestion, sore throat, and constipation. It is one of the first species in China to be classified as a medicinal food homology, which has received considerable attention as a natural product with high development potential. Various natural products, such as triterpenoids, flavonoids, amino acids, and lignans, have been released from this plant by previous phytochemical studies. Phar- macological research of the fruits of S. grosvenorii has attracted extensive attention, and an increasing number of extracts and compounds have been demonstrated to have antitussive, expectorant, antiasthmatic, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, immunologic, hepatoprotective, antibacte- rial, and other activities. In this review, based on a large number of previous studies, we summarized the related research progress of the chemical components and pharmacological effects of S. grosvenorii, which provides theoretical support for further investigation of its biological functions and potential clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juanjiang Wu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yuqing Jian
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Huizhen Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Huaxue Huang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- Hunan Huacheng Biotech, Inc., High-Tech Zone, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Liming Gong
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Genggui Liu
- Hunan Huacheng Biotech, Inc., High-Tech Zone, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Yupei Yang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hong HJ, Yang Q, Liu Q, Leong F, Chen XJ. Chemical Comparison of Monk Fruit Products Processed by Different Drying Methods Using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Combined With Chemometric Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:887992. [PMID: 35586734 PMCID: PMC9108421 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.887992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monk fruit, also named Luo Han Guo, is the fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey ex A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang and has been used as both food and traditional Chinese medicine. Due to preservation concerns, monk fruit is usually processed by hot-air drying or using low-temperature techniques after harvest. In this study, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed for the analysis of 13 mogrosides, 1 flavonoid, and 3 sugars in monk fruit products. Then chemometric analysis was applied to investigate the chemical characteristics in the samples dried by different methods. The results showed that the contents of mogroside V, 11-oxo-mogroside V, isomogroside V, and sucrose in monk fruits dried at low temperature were much higher than those in traditional hot-air drying samples, which was also confirmed by HPTLC-scanning. These findings indicate that HPTLC combined with chemometric analysis provides a reliable tool to understand the chemical differences between the monk fruit products processed by different drying methods, which will be helpful for their quality evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jie Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Fong Leong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Zhuhai UM Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Jia Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Neuroprotective Properties of Kempferol Derivatives from Maesa membranacea against Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Damage: An Association with Cathepsin D Inhibition and PI3K/Akt Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910363. [PMID: 34638702 PMCID: PMC8509010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As components of the human diet with potential health benefits, flavonols are the subject of numerous studies, confirming their antioxidant, free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activity. Taking into consideration the postulated pathogenesis of certain CNS dysfunctions characterized by neuronal degradation, flavonols may prevent the decay of neurons in multiple pathways. Leaves of Maesa membranacea yielded several flavonol glycosides including α-rhamnoisorobin (kaempferol 7-O-α-rhamnoside) and kaempferitrin (kaempferol 3,7-di-O-α-rhamnoside). The latter compound was a major constituent of the investigated plant material. Neuroprotective effects of kaempferitrin and α-rhamnoisorobin were tested in vitro using H2O2-, 6-OHDA- and doxorubicin-induced models of SH-SY5Y cell damage. Both undifferentiated and differentiated neuroblastoma cells were used in the experiments. α-Rhamnoisorobin at a concentration range of 1–10 µM demonstrated cytoprotective effects against H2O2-induced cell damage. The compound (at 1–10 µM) was also effective in attenuating 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity. In both H2O2- and 6-OHDA-induced cell damage, kaempferitrin, similar to isoquercitrin, demonstrated neuroprotective activity at the highest of the tested concentrations (50 µM). The tested flavonols were not effective in counteracting doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity. Their caspase-3- and cathepsin D-inhibitory activities appeared to be structure dependent. Inhibition of the PI3-K/Akt pathway abolished the neuroprotective effect of the investigated flavonols.
Collapse
|
6
|
Patel DK. Pharmacological activities and Therapeutic potential of kaempferitrin in medicine for the treatment of human disorders: A review of medicinal importance and health benefits. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:104-114. [PMID: 34387174 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x21666210812111931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal drugs and their derived phytochemicals are valuable for human being as a source of vital component of food material and drugs. Flavonoids are naturally occurring phytochemical produced in plants through metabolisms and they are having anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic activity. Flavonoids have been identified in the fruits, nuts, vegetables, seeds, stem, flowers and tea. Kaempferol is a natural flavonoidal compound present in edible plants such as apples, broccoli, strawberries, beans, grapefruit, propolis and medicinal plants such as Aloe vera, Ginkgo biloba, Rosmarinus officinalis, Crocus sativus L., Hypericum perforatum L. Kaempferol have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, pro-apoptotic, cardio-protective and anti-cancer activities. METHODS Glycosides of kaempferol such as kaempferitrin also called kaempferol 3,7-dirhamnoside are known to be more abundant than their flavonoid monomers in plants. Various literature databases have been searched to collect all the scientific information of kaempferitrin in the present investigation and analyzed in order to know the therapeutic benefit and biological potential of kaempferitrin. Moreover all the information has been presented here in two broad sections i.e. pharmacological and analytical. RESULTS From the analysis of all the collected and presented information, it was found that kaempferitrin has potent insulin-mimetic potential and could be used for the treatment of diabetes and related complication. However, it has also shown anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant, anti-osteoporotic, anti-depressant, anthelmintic, immunostimulatory and natriuretic properties and inhibits cell proliferation and apoptosis. Kaempferitrin also improves meat quality of broiler chickens. CONCLUSIONS The presented information in this work will be valuable to justify the biological importance and therapeutic potential of kaempferitrin in the scientific field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences Naini, Prayagraj, 211007, Uttar Pradesh. India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu Y, Zhu S, He Y, Mo C, Wu C, Zhang R, Zheng X, Tang Q. Systematic characterization of flavonoids from Siraitia grosvenorii leaf extract using an integrated strategy of high-speed counter-current chromatography combined with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:852-864. [PMID: 31773887 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The chemical constituents of the Siraitia grosvenorii leaf extract were studied. Firstly, high-speed counter-current chromatography was applied to the one-step separation of four compounds from S. grosvenorii leaf extract with the solvent system composed of 0.01% acetic acid water/n-butanol/n-hexane/methanol (5:3:1:1, v/v/v/v). In this work, 270 mg of crude sample yielded four compounds, a new kaempferol O-glycoside derivative, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-[4-O-(4-carboxy-3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoyl)]-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, named kaempferitrin A (2.1 mg, 90%), and three known compounds, grosvenorine (3.4 mg, 93%), kaempferitrin (14.4 mg, 99%) and afzelin (4 mg, 98%), and the structures of these compounds were identified by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Then, ultra high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to illustrate the dominant flavonoids in S. grosvenorii leaf extract. 34 flavonoids including 19 kaempferol O-glycosides, 4 quercetin O-glycosides, 6 flavanone derivatives, and 5 polymethoxyflavones, were accurately or tentatively identified by carefully comparing their retention times, UV data, precise masses, the typical fragments of the standards and literature data. Most of these compounds were reported for the first time. This study establishes a foundation for the further development and utilization of S. grosvenorii leaves in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Shihao Zhu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Changming Mo
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Changqiao Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Ruiying Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xueyuan Zheng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Qi Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stavropoulou MI, Angelis A, Aligiannis N, Kalpoutzakis E, Mitakou S, Duke SO, Fokialakis N. Phytotoxic triterpene saponins from Bellis longifolia, an endemic plant of Crete. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 144:71-77. [PMID: 28892660 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In a study of 62 plant species of the Cretan flora for their phytotoxic activity, plants were extracted successively with CH2Cl2, MeOH and H2O. Phytotoxicity evaluation of the 240 extracts was performed against Lactuca sativa L. and Agrostis stolonifera L.. The MeOH extract of Bellis longifolia was the most phytotoxic. Bioassay-guided fractionation revealed that a fraction consisting mainly of saponins was the most effective. Separation of the saponins was performed using initially a step-gradient Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC). Investigation of the active fraction led to the isolation and structure elucidation of three previously undescribed triterpene saponins, 3-O-β-D-fucopyranosyl polygalacic acid, 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-fucopyranosyl polygalacic acid and 3-O-β-D-fucopyranosyl-2α,3β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, which were present as the main phytotoxic compounds of the methanol extract. Two triterpenes, polygalacic acid and bellisonic acid and four kaempferol glucosides, as well as chlorogenic acid were also isolated. 3-O-β-D-fucopyranosyl polygalacic acid and 3-O-β-D-fucopyranosyl-2α,3β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid had phytotoxic activity similar to some commercial herbicides (IC50 values of ca. 25 μM) against duckweed (Lemna paucicostata).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Stavropoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Apostolis Angelis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Nektarios Aligiannis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Kalpoutzakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Sofia Mitakou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Stephen O Duke
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA/ARS, National Center for Natural Products Research, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Nikolas Fokialakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu N, Meng H, Liu T, Feng Y, Qi Y, Zhang D, Wang H. Blueberry Phenolics Reduce Gastrointestinal Infection of Patients with Cerebral Venous Thrombosis by Improving Depressant-Induced Autoimmune Disorder via miR-155-Mediated Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:853. [PMID: 29230173 PMCID: PMC5712003 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) often causes human depression, whereas depression-induced low immunity makes the patients susceptible to gastrointestinal infection. Blueberry possesses antidepressant properties which may improve autoimmunity and reduce gastrointestinal infection. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) performs antidepressant function and can be regulated by miR-155, which may be affected by blueberry. To explore the possible molecular mechanism, blueberry compounds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Activity of compounds was tested by using HT22 cells. The present study tested 124 patients with CVT-induced mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression Scale [CES-D] ≥16) and gastrointestinal infection. Patients were randomly assigned to blueberry extract group (BG, received 10 mg blueberry extract daily) and placebo group (PG, received 10 mg placebo daily). After 3 months, depression, gastrointestinal infection and lipid profiles were investigated. Serum miR-155 and BDNF were measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and or Western Blot. Blueberry treatment improved depressive symptoms and lipid profiles, and also reduced gastrointestinal infection in the BG group (P < 0.05) but those of the PG group (P = 1). These changes were paralleled by increase in serum levels of BDNF and miR-155 (P < 0.05). HPLC analysis showed that blueberry extracts were the main phenolic acids with 0.18, 0.85, 0.26, 0.72, 0.66, 0.4,1, and 1.92 mg/g of gentisic acid, chlorogenic acid, [2]-epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, benzoic acid, p-anisic acid, and quercetin in blueberry extracts, respectively. Phenolics in blueberry are possible causal agents in improving antidepressant activity and reducing gastrointestinal infection. Administration of blueberry increased BDNF expression and miR-155. Blueberry cannot affect BDNF level when miR-155 is overexpressed or inhibited. Phenolics from blueberry reduced gastrointestinal infection of patients with CVT by improving antidepressant activity via upregulation of miR-155-mediated BDNF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingli Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Donghuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|