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Arnold RE, Saska J, Mesquita-Ribeiro R, Dajas-Bailador F, Taylor L, Lewis W, Argent S, Shao H, Houk KN, Denton RM. Total synthesis, biological evaluation and biosynthetic re-evaluation of Illicium-derived neolignans. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11783-11793. [PMID: 39092111 PMCID: PMC11290413 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03232b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the first total syntheses of simonsol F (3), simonsinol (5), fargenin (4), and macranthol (6) in addition to syntheses of simonsol C (2), simonsol G (1), and honokiol (14). The syntheses are based upon a phosphonium ylide-mediated cascade reaction and upon natural product isomerization reactions which proceed through Cope rearrangements of putative biosynthetic dienone intermediates. As a corollary of the natural product isomerization reactions, we propose an alternative biosynthesis of honokiol (14), simonsinol (5), and macranthol (6) which unites the natural products in this family under a single common precursor, chavicol (7). Finally, we demonstrate that simonsol C (2) and simonsol F (3) promote axonal growth in primary mouse cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Arnold
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU UK
| | - Jan Saska
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU UK
| | | | | | - Laurence Taylor
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU UK
| | - William Lewis
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU UK
| | - Stephen Argent
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU UK
| | - Huiling Shao
- University of California, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Box 951569 Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 UK
| | - Kendall N Houk
- University of California, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Box 951569 Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 UK
| | - Ross M Denton
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU UK
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2
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Ahmed BH, Desta MA, Wami AA, Beyene GT, Bedane KG. Sesquiterpene Acids and Lactones from Inula Confertiflora with their Antibacterial Activities. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400265. [PMID: 38470349 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Inula confertiflora, a medicinal plant endemic to Ethiopia, led to the isolation of 15 terpenoids; 1β-hydroxy-α-costic acid (1), 3α-hydroxycostic acid (2), isotelekin (3), asperilin (4), carabrone (5), carpesioline (6), graveolide (7), inuviscolide (8), 8-epi-inuviscolide (9), 1β,4β-dihydroxy-5α(H)-guaia-10(14),11(13)-dien-8α,12-olide (10), isoinuviscolide (11), 4β,10β-dihydroxy-5α(H)-1,11(13)-guaidien-8α,12-olide (12), 4β,10β-dihydroxy-1β(H)-5α(H)-guai-11(13)-en-8α,12-olide (13), 4β,10α-dihydroxy-1β(H)-5α(H)-guai-11(13)-en-8α,12-olide (14), 4β,10α-dihydroxy-1α(H)-5α(H)-guai-11(13)-en-8α,12-olide (15). Herein, structural elucidation and full NMR data for compound 1 are presented for the first time. The structures were elucidated using NMR, HRESIMS, and by comparison with literature data. The relative configurations were defined by NOESY correlations and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Herein, crystallography data of 6 and 7 were reported for the first time. The antibacterial efficacy of some of the isolated compounds was evaluated against two commonly dispersed environmental strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Compounds 1, 3, 6, 7, and 8 exhibited moderate antibacterial activities against the tested organisms. The chemotaxonomic significance of compounds is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonsa Hussein Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box, 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mekonnen Abebayehu Desta
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box, 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ashenafi Alemu Wami
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Kibrom Gebreheiwot Bedane
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box, 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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3
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Xu JB, Miao SX, Gao F, Wan LX. Palladium-catalyzed synthesis and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity evaluation of 1-arylhuperzine A derivatives. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2023; 25:1097-1109. [PMID: 37098899 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2196619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A series of arylated huperzine A (HPA) derivatives (1-24) were efficiently synthesized in good yields (45-88% yields) through the late-stage modification of structurally complex natural anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug huperzine A (HPA), using the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity of all synthesized compounds was evaluated to screen the potential anti-AD bioactive molecules. The results showed that introducing the aryl groups to C-1 position of HPA resulted in the unsatisfactory AChE inhibitory activity. The present study demonstrably verifies pyridone carbonyl group could be the necessary and unchangeable pharmacophore for maintaining HPA's anti-AChE potency, and provides the helpful information on the further research for developing anti-AD HPA analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Bu Xu
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shi-Xing Miao
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin-Xi Wan
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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4
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Huperzine A and Its Neuroprotective Molecular Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216531. [PMID: 34770940 PMCID: PMC8587556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Huperzine A (HupA), an alkaloid found in the club moss Huperzia serrata, has been used for centuries in Chinese folk medicine to treat dementia. The effects of this alkaloid have been attributed to its ability to inhibit the cholinergic enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acting as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI). The biological functions of HupA have been studied both in vitro and in vivo, and its role in neuroprotection appears to be a good therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer´s disease (AD). Here, we summarize the neuroprotective effects of HupA on AD, with an emphasis on its interactions with different molecular signaling avenues, such as the Wnt signaling, the pre- and post-synaptic region mechanisms (synaptotagmin, neuroligins), the amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) accumulation, and mitochondrial protection. Our goal is to provide an integrated overview of the molecular mechanisms through which HupA affects AD.
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Chen X, Drew J, Berney W, Lei W. Neuroprotective Natural Products for Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:1309. [PMID: 34070275 PMCID: PMC8225186 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the number one neurovegetative disease, but its treatment options are relatively few and ineffective. In efforts to discover new strategies for AD therapy, natural products have aroused interest in the research community and in the pharmaceutical industry for their neuroprotective activity, targeting different pathological mechanisms associated with AD. A wide variety of natural products from different origins have been evaluated preclinically and clinically for their neuroprotective mechanisms in preventing and attenuating the multifactorial pathologies of AD. This review mainly focuses on the possible neuroprotective mechanisms from natural products that may be beneficial in AD treatment and the natural product mixtures or extracts from different sources that have demonstrated neuroprotective activity in preclinical and/or clinical studies. It is believed that natural product mixtures or extracts containing multiple bioactive compounds that can work additively or synergistically to exhibit multiple neuroprotective mechanisms might be an effective approach in AD drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Joshua Drew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Wren Berney
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Presbyterian College, Clinton, SC 29325, USA
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Zhang ZJ, Zhu QF, Wu XD, Zhao QS. Phlegmadines B and C, two Lycopodium alkaloids with 6/5/5/5/7 pentacyclic skeleton from Phlegmariurus phlegmaria. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ma Y, Yang MW, Li XW, Yue JW, Chen JZ, Yang MW, Huang X, Zhu LL, Hong FF, Yang SL. Therapeutic Effects of Natural Drugs on Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1355. [PMID: 31866858 PMCID: PMC6904940 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized as a chronic neurodegenerative disease associated with aging. The clinical manifestations of AD include latent episodes of memory and cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms and behavioral disorders, as well as limited activities in daily life. In developed countries, AD is now acknowledged as the third leading cause of death, following cardiovascular disease and cancer. The pathogenesis and mechanism of AD remain unclear, although some theories have been proposed to explain AD, such as the theory of β-amyloid, the theory of the abnormal metabolism of tau protein, the theory of free radical damage, the theory of the inflammatory response, the theory of cholinergic damage, etc. Effective methods to predict, prevent or reverse AD are unavailable, and thus the development of new, efficient therapeutic drugs has become a current research hot spot worldwide. The isolation and extraction of active components from natural drugs have great potential in treating AD. These drugs possess the advantages of multiple targets in multiple pathways, fewer side effects and a long duration of curative effects. This article summaries the latest research progress regarding the mechanisms of natural drugs in the treatment of AD, providing a review of the literature and a theoretical basis for improving the clinical treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Man-Wen Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin-Wei Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian-Wei Yue
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun-Zong Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mei-Wen Yang
- Department of Nurse, Nanchang University Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lian-Lian Zhu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Department of Experimental Teaching Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Kim Thu D, Vui DT, Ngoc Huyen NT, Duyen DK, Thanh Tung B. The use of Huperzia species for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0159/jbcpp-2019-0159.xml. [PMID: 31778363 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), which relates to nervous degeneration, is the most popular form of memory loss. The pathogenesis of AD is not fully understood, and there are no therapies for this disorder. Some drugs have been used in clinical applications for preventing and treating AD, but they have significant adverse reactions. Therefore, there is a need to develop treatment for AD. Traditional medicine has used many medicinal plants to alleviate the symptoms of AD. Medicinal plants may reduce neurodegenerative disorders with fewer side effects than chemical drugs, and they are promising drug candidates for AD therapy. This review is the summary of the pathogenesis and treatments of AD and includes information about the chemistry and bioactivities of some medicinal plants from the Huperzia species, such as Huperzia saururus, Huperzia selago, Huperzia phlegmaria, Huperzia fargesii, Huperzia serrata, Huperzia reflexa and Huperzia quadrifariata, that are used for the treatment of AD. We searched literature, including Medline, Embase, Google Scholar and PubMed database, and did a bibliographic review of relevant articles. Key words included Huperzia species, huperzine, huperin, Huperzia and Alzheimer's disease. We found that the main bioactive compounds of the Huperzia species are alkaloids, which have shown significant effects on preventing the development of AD. They are new promising compounds against AD due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities in the neural system. Our conclusion from this review is that the Huperzia species are potential source containing various pharmaceutical compounds for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Kim Thu
- VNU School of Medicine and Pharmacy Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dao Thi Vui
- Ha Noi University of Pharmacy, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | | | - Duong Ky Duyen
- VNU School of Medicine and Pharmacy Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Bui Thanh Tung
- VNU School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay Ha Noi, Viet Nam
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Vallejo MG, Corzo ME, Ortega MG, Agnese AM. 12α-hydroxy- N-demethyl-sauroxine, a lycodane type alkaloid from Phlegmariurus saururus. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:1270-1275. [PMID: 30856017 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1560287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
12α-hydroxy-N-demethyl-sauroxine (1), another new Lycopodium alkaloid from the Lycodane group, was isolated from Phlegmariurus saururus (Lam.) B. Øllg. (Lycopodiaceae). Elucidation of the chemical structure and relative stereochemistry were stated by spectroscopic data and chemical correlation. In addition, the inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase for 1 was determined as well as for N-methyllycodine (2), a derivative with the same nucleus, previously identified in P. saururus (IC50 = 33.8 ± 0.8 μM and 547.5 ± 0.5 μM, respectively) and N-demethylsauroxine (3) whose inhibition in the actual conditions was better than the previously informed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Vallejo
- IMBIV-CONICET and Farmacognosia, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre
| | - Marcos E Corzo
- IMBIV-CONICET and Farmacognosia, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre
| | - María Gabriela Ortega
- IMBIV-CONICET and Farmacognosia, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre
| | - Alicia Mariel Agnese
- IMBIV-CONICET and Farmacognosia, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre
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Nguyen HT, Doan HT, Ho DV, Pham KT, Raal A, Morita H. Huperphlegmines A and B, two novel Lycopodium alkaloids with an unprecedented skeleton from Huperzia phlegmaria, and their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Fitoterapia 2018; 129:267-271. [PMID: 30056186 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two novel Lycopodium alkaloids, huperphlegmines A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Huperzia phlegmaria collected in Vietnam, together with the five known compounds lycophlegmariol A (3), phlegmariurine B (4), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5), rhemanone C (6), and loliolide (7). The chemical structures of the present compounds were elucidated by means of 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopy, and by comparisons to the reported data in the literature. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities, with IC50 values of 25.95 ± 0.67 and 29.14 ± 0.77 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoai Thi Nguyen
- Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 06 Ngo Quyen, Hue City, Viet Nam
| | - Huong Thi Doan
- National Institute of Medicinal Materials, 3B Quang Trung, Hoan Kiem District, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Duc Viet Ho
- Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 06 Ngo Quyen, Hue City, Viet Nam
| | - Ky Thanh Pham
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem District, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Ain Raal
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, 1 Nooruse str., 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani-2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Odorcyk FK, Sanches EF, Nicola FC, Moraes J, Pettenuzzo LF, Kolling J, Siebert C, Longoni A, Konrath EL, Wyse A, Netto CA. Administration of Huperzia quadrifariata Extract, a Cholinesterase Inhibitory Alkaloid Mixture, has Neuroprotective Effects in a Rat Model of Cerebral Hypoxia–Ischemia. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:552-562. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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