1
|
Hilmayanti E, Nurlelasari, Supratman U, Kabayama K, Shimoyama A, Fukase K. Limonoids with anti-inflammatory activity: A review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 204:113469. [PMID: 36228704 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The natural limonoids distributed mainly in the Meliaceae and Rutaceae plants are known for their unique and complex structure with high degree oxidation and cyclic rearrangement. However, these compounds exhibit a broad range of biological activities such as insecticidal, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. There is still limited report about the biological activity of the anti-inflammatory effect of limonoids isolated from plants. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of intact, deformed and rearranged limonoids as anti-inflammatory agents. The majority of anti-inflammatory investigations were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays of the isolated pure compounds and their derivatives. For the in vitro study, intact and C-ring seco limonoids showed a potent inhibitory effect against NO production. The in vivo analysis of Intact, C-seco, and AD-seco limonoids showed a potent effect based on the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression, indicating their potency as anti-inflammatory agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erina Hilmayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Nurlelasari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; Central Laboratory of Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shen J, Ma X, He Y, Wang Y, Zhong T, Zhang Y. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of Melianodiol on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14209. [PMID: 36312760 PMCID: PMC9615967 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis is a unique inflammatory bowel disease with ulcerative lesions of the colonic mucosa. Melianodiol (MN), a triterpenoid, isolated from the fruits of the Chinese medicinal plant Melia azedarach, possesses significant anti-inflammatory properties. Objective The present study investigated the protective effects of MN on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages and DSS-mediated ulcerative colitis in mice. Methods In the study, mice were given MN (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) and 5-ASA (500 mg/kg) daily for 9 days after induction by DSS for 1 week. The progress of the disease was monitored daily by observation of changes in clinical signs and body weight. Results The results showed that MN effectively improved the overproduction of inflammatory factors (IL-6, NO, and TNF-α) and suppressed the activation of the NF-κB signalling cascade in LPS-mediated RAW264.7 cells. For DSS-mediated colitis in mice, MN can reduce weight loss and the disease activity index (DAI) score in UC mice, suppress colon shortening, and alleviate pathological colon injury. Moreover, MN treatment notably up regulated the levels of IL-10 and down regulated those of IL-1β and TNF-α, and inhibited the protein expression of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, iNOS, NF-κB P65, p-P65, p-IKKα/β, and p-IκBα in the colon. After MN treatment, the levels of MDA and NO in colonic tissue were remarkably decreased, whereas the levels of GSH, SOD, Nrf-2, Keap-1, HO-1, IκBα, and eNOS protein expression levels were significantly increased. Conclusion These results indicate that MN can activate the Nrf-2 signalling pathway and inhibit the JAK/STAT, iNOS/eNOS, and NF-κB signalling cascades, enhance intestinal barrier function, and effectively reduce the LPS-mediated inflammatory response in mouse macrophages and DSS-induced intestinal injury in UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinhua Ma
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yubin He
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Tianhua Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Foka FET, Manamela N, Mufamadi SM, Mufhandu HT. Potential of Azadirachta indica as a Capping Agent for Antiviral Nanoparticles against SARS-CoV-2. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5714035. [PMID: 36158879 PMCID: PMC9499809 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5714035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A rare type of pneumonia later on referred to as COVID-19 was reported in China in December 2019. Investigations revealed that this disease is caused by a coronavirus previously identified as SARS-CoV-2, and since then, it has become a global pandemic with new strains emerging rapidly as a result of genetic mutations. Various therapeutic options are being explored in order to eradicate this pandemic even though approved vaccine candidates are being currently rolled out globally. Most medicinal plant extracts have astonishing properties, and they can therefore be used in the biosynthesis of effective antiviral nanoparticles. In this systematic review, we aimed to highlight the specific attributes that make Azadirachta indica (neem plant) a suitable candidate for the biosynthesis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 nanoparticles. A systematic investigation was therefore carried out in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and AJOL databases with the keywords "Nanoparticles," "Biosynthesis," "Antivirals," "SARS-CoV-2," and "Azadirachta indica." 1216 articles were retrieved by the 21st of February 2022, but we screened studies that reported data on biomedical and antimicrobial assessment of Azadirachta indica extracts. We also screened studies that were reporting nanoparticles possessing antiviral properties against SARS-C0V-2, narrowing our results to 98 reports. Herein, the SARS-CoV-2 viral structure is briefly discussed with nanoparticles of biomedical importance in the design of SARS-CoV-2 antivirals. Most importantly, we focused on the biomedical and antiviral properties of Azadirachta indica extracts that could be of importance in the design of potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 nanoformulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Eric Tatsing Foka
- Department of Microbiology, Virology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng, Private Bag, X2046 Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Nanabi Manamela
- Department of Microbiology, Virology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng, Private Bag, X2046 Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Steven Maluta Mufamadi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School, Nelson Mandela University, Missionvale Campus, P.O. Box 77000, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa
| | - Hazel Tumelo Mufhandu
- Department of Microbiology, Virology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng, Private Bag, X2046 Mmabatho, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luo J, Sun Y, Li Q, Kong L. Research progress of meliaceous limonoids from 2011 to 2021. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1325-1365. [PMID: 35608367 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00015f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Covering: July 2010 to December 2021Limonoids, a kind of natural tetranortriterpenoids with diverse skeletons and valuable insecticidal and medicinal bioactivities, are the characteristic metabolites of most plants of the Meliaceae family. The chemistry and bioactivities of meliaceous limonoids are a continuing hot area of natural products research; to date, about 2700 meliaceous limonoids have been identified. In particular, more than 1600, including thirty kinds of novel rearranged skeletons, have been isolated and identified in the past decade due to their wide distribution and abundant content in Meliaceae plants and active biosynthetic pathways. In addition to the discovery of new structures, many positive medicinal bioactivities of meliaceous limonoids have been investigated, and extensive achievements regarding the chemical and biological synthesis have been made. This review summarizes the recent research progress in the discovery of new structures, medicinal and agricultural bioactivities, and chem/biosynthesis of limonoids from the plants of the Meliaceae family during the past decade, with an emphasis on the discovery of limonoids with novel skeletons, the medicinal bioactivities and mechanisms, and chemical synthesis. The structures, origins, and bioactivities of other new limonoids were provided as ESI. Studies published from July 2010 to December 2021 are reviewed, and 482 references are cited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunpeng Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiurong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fan W, Fan L, Wang Z, Yang L. Limonoids From the Genus Melia (Meliaceae): Phytochemistry, Synthesis, Bioactivities, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:795565. [PMID: 35140606 PMCID: PMC8819599 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.795565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Limonoids, as the vital bioactive chemical compounds in genus Melia plants, have attracted significant attention owing to their exclusive structural characteristics and remarkable biological activity. These compounds can be usually classified into two categories, including the ring-intact group and the ring-C-seco group. Benefiting from the development of separation and analysis technology, more than 200 limonoids have been isolated and identified from this genus. There is growing evidence that limonoids from genus Melia possess diverse pharmacological activities, especially anti-cancer effects, insecticidal activities, and anti-botulism effects. Toosendanin, one of the paramount limonoids, was considered as the pivotal bioactive marker in two medicinal herbs, including Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc and Melia azedarach L. In particular, limonoids are found to exhibit non-negligible toxic effects, a finding which needs further research. Besides this, the lack of clinical research data seriously hinders its further development and utilization, and necessary clinical trials should be taken into consideration. In this review, we systematically summarized the phytochemical compounds and their synthesis methods, pharmacological activities, and the structure–activity relationship, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of genus Melia-derived limonoids. We believe that this up-to-date review could provide scientific evidence for the application of limonoids as agents beneficial to health in future clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linhong Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengtao Wang, ; Li Yang,
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengtao Wang, ; Li Yang,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Olatunji TL, Odebunmi CA, Adetunji AE. Biological activities of limonoids in the Genus Khaya (Meliaceae): a review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Limonoids are a class of highly oxygenated modified triterpenoids with a diverse range of biological activities. Although with restricted occurrence in the plant kingdom, these compounds are found extensively in the Meliaceae and Rutaceae families. Limonoids are of great interest in science given that the small number of plant families where they occur exhibit a broad range of medicinal properties that promote health and prevent disease.
Main text
The Meliaceae family includes the genus Khaya and comprises tree species that have been used in traditional medicine to treat several ailments. In recent years, the genus Khaya has attracted much research interest owing to the presence of limonoids in different plant parts of a few species that can serve as therapeutic molecules in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, a literature search over the past two decades (2000–2020) was conducted on the biological activities of limonoids in the genus Khaya using different databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science. The taxonomy, geographical distribution and the various traditional uses of the genus are presented in detail. This study reveals that the currently documented biological activities of limonoids both in vivo and in vitro are limited to four species (K. anthotheca, K. grandifoliola, K. ivorensis and K. senegalensis) in the genus Khaya, and include anticancer, antimalarial, hepatoprotection, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, antimicrobial, antifungal and antifeedant. The most well-researched species, K. senegalensis, has the most notable biological activities and traditional uses in the genus Khaya.
Conclusion
The present detailed and up-to-date review of recent literature on the biological activities in the genus Khaya reveals the potentials of limonoids for drug development in managing several ailments.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sandhir R, Khurana M, Singhal NK. Potential benefits of phytochemicals from Azadirachta indica against neurological disorders. Neurochem Int 2021; 146:105023. [PMID: 33753160 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Azadirachta indica or Neem has been extensively used in the Indian traditional medical system because of its broad range of medicinal properties. Neem contains many chemically diverse and structurally complex phytochemicals such as limonoids, flavonoids, phenols, catechins, gallic acid, polyphenols, nimbins. These phytochemicals possess vast array of therapeutic activities that include anti-feedant, anti-viral, anti-malarial, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer properties. In recent years, many phytochemicals from Neem have been shown to be beneficial against various neurological disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, mood disorders, ischemic-reperfusion injury. The neuroprotective effects of the phytochemicals from Neem are primarily mediated by their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities along with their ability to modulate signaling pathways. However, extensive studies are still required to fully understand the molecular mechanisms involved in neuropotective effects of phytochemicals from Neem. This review is an attempt to cover the neuroprotective properties of various phytochemicals from Neem along with their mechanism of action so that the potential of the compounds could be realized to reduce the burden of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Block-II, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Mehak Khurana
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Block-II, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Singhal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Sector-81 (Knowledge City), PO Manauli, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Y, Ruan J, Sun F, Wang H, Yang S, Zhang Y, Yan J, Yu H, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Wang T. Anti-inflammatory Limonoids From Cortex Dictamni. Front Chem 2020; 8:73. [PMID: 32185157 PMCID: PMC7058982 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The root barks of perennial herb Dictamnus dasycarpus (Cortex Dictamni) were reported to be rich in anti-inflammation activity constituents, limonoids. Then, the investigation of anti-inflammation therapeutic limonoids from this plant was developed in the present study. Through the combination of various chromatographies isolation, six new limonoids, named dictamlimonol A (1), dictamlimonoside B (2), and dictamlimonols C–F (3–6), along with seven known ones (7–13), were obtained. Their structures were ascertained based on the extensive spectroscopic methods and ECD data analysis. Among them, compound 1 was the first 7,19-epoxy limonoid found in natural products. The anti-inflammatory effects of all limonoids were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cell lines. Compounds 5, 7–11, and 13 were found to inhibit LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production. Moreover, dictamlimonol D (5), fraxinellone (11), and dasylactone A (13) were found to reduce the LPS-induced expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. These findings support that the administration of Cortex Dictamni may be beneficial for inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingya Ruan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Institute of TCM, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huimei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengcai Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiejing Yan
- Institute of TCM, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Institute of TCM, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of TCM, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of TCM, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
LC-MS Analysis, 15-Lipoxygenase Inhibition, Cytotoxicity, and Genotoxicity of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana ( Melastomataceae) and Paullinia pinnata Linn ( Sapindaceae). J Trop Med 2020; 2020:5169847. [PMID: 32148525 PMCID: PMC7049448 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5169847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity activities of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana and Paullinia pinnata Linn used traditionally in Cameroon to treat infectious diseases. Phytochemical screening was carried out using the LC-MS procedure. The ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX) assay was used to determine the 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) inhibitory activity of the plant samples. The tetrazolium-based colorimetric (MTT) assay was performed using Vero cells. The Ames test was carried out using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 tester strains. LC-MS chromatogram of D. multiflora led to the identification of four known compounds, namely, 5-(3,5-dinitrophenyl)-2H-tetrazol (2), 2,2'-{[2-(6-amino-9H-purine-9-yl)ethyl]imino}diethanol (14), 1,2,5-oxadiazolo [3,4-b]pyrazine, 5,6-di (3,5-dimethyl-1-piperidyl) (19), and nimbolinin D (20) while four compounds were also identified in P. pinnata known as 2-hydroxycarbamoyl-4-methyl-pentanoic acid (2), pheophorbide A (16), 1-[4-({2-[(1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)amino]-4-pyrimidinyl}oxy)-1-naphthyl]-3-[1-(4 methylphenyl)-3-(2-methyl-2-propanyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]urea (17), and nimbolinin D (18). D. multiflora and P. pinnata inhibited 15-LOX activity in concentration-dependent manner. The LC50 (concentration that kills 50% of cells) values of the extracts ranged from 0.13 ± 00 to 1 ± 00 mg/mL for P. pinnata and D. multiflora, respectively. P. pinnata was cytotoxic at concentrations tested while D. multiflora was not. The selectivity index (SI) values ranged from 0.16 to 10.30 on Vero cell lines. No genotoxic effect was observed against both strains tested. These extracts are sources of compounds which can be used to control infectious diseases and associated inflammation. However, caution should be taken while using P. pinnata for medicinal purposes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Jin Z, Ma J, Zhu G, Zhang H. Discovery of Novel Anti-cryptosporidial Activities From Natural Products by in vitro High-Throughput Phenotypic Screening. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1999. [PMID: 31551955 PMCID: PMC6736568 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is a globally distributed zoonotic protozoan parasite of both medical and veterinary importance. Nitazoxanide is the only FDA-approved drug to treat cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent people, but it is not fully effective. There is no drug approved by FDA for use in immunocompromised patients or in animals. In the present study, we conducted phenotypic screening of 800 nature products with defined chemical structures for potential novel activity against the growth of C. parvum in vitro. We identified a large number of compounds showing low to sub-micromolar anti-cryptosporidial activity, and fully characterized 16 top hits for anti-parasitic efficacies in vitro [EC50 values from 0.122 to 3.940 μM, cytotoxicity (TC50) values from 6.31 to >100 μm] and their safety margins. Among them, 11 compounds were derived from plants with EC50 values from 0.267 to 3.940 μM [i.e., cedrelone, deoxysappanone B 7,4'-dimethyl ether (Deox B 7,4), tanshinone IIA, baicalein, deoxysappanone B 7,3'-dimethyl ether acetate, daunorubicin, dihydrogambogic acid, deacetylgedunin, deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin, dihydrotanshinone I, 2,3,4'-trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, and 3-deoxo-3beta-hydroxy-mexicanolide 16-enol ether]. Three compounds with sub-micromolar EC50 values (i.e., cedrelone, Deox B 7,4, and baicalein) were further investigated for their effectiveness on various parasite developmental stages in vitro. Cedrelone and baicalein were more effective than Dexo B 7,4 when treating parasite for shorter periods of time, but all three compounds could kill the parasite irreversibly. These findings provide us a large selection of new structures derived from natural products to be explored for developing anti-cryptosporidial therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Jin
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jingbo Ma
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.,Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guan Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Haili Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qiu L, Heng L, Xu R, Luo J, Li Y. Two new nimbolinin- and trichilin-class limonoids isolated from the fruits of Melia azedarach. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:227-230. [PMID: 30910059 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Two new furan fragment isomerized limonoids, meliazedalides A and B (compounds 1 and 2), were isolated from the fruits of Melia azedarach Linn.. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of HR-ESI-MS and 1D and 2D NMR data, which belonged to nimbolinin- and trichilin-class, respectively. Compound 2 exhibited weak inhibitory effect on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 being 37.41 μmol·L-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qiu
- Testing & Analysis Center, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Heng
- Testing & Analysis Center, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Testing & Analysis Center, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Li
- Testing & Analysis Center, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ethanolic extract of Melia azedarach L. induces melanogenesis through the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway. Mol Cell Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-019-0009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
13
|
Zhang J, Zhu WF, Zhu WY, Yang PP, Xu J, Manosroi J, Kikuchi T, Abe M, Akihisa T, Feng F. Melanogenesis-Inhibitory and Cytotoxic Activities of Chemical Constituents from the Leaves of Sauropus androgynus L. Merr. (Euphorbiaceae). Chem Biodivers 2017; 15. [PMID: 29144597 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new steroid, 20-hydroxyisofucosterol (stigmasta-5,24(28)-diene-3β,20β-diol) (7), along with six known compounds 1 - 6 were isolated from the MeOH extract of the leaves of Sauropus androgynus L. Merr. (Euphorbiaceae). The structure of new steroid was determined by HR-APCI-MS and various NMR techniques in combination with literature data. Subsequently, their anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic activities against five human cell lines, as well as inhibitory activities against the α-MSH induced melanogenesis on the B16 cell line were evaluated. As the results, steroid compounds, 6 and 7 exhibited moderate cytotoxic to HL60, AZ521, SKBR3, and A549 tumor cell lines (IC50 26.9 - 45.1 μm) with high tumor selectivity for A549 relative to WI38 cell lines (SI 2.6 and 3.0, resp.). And, flavonoid compounds, 4 and 5 exhibited superior inhibitory activities against melanogenesis (67.0 - 94.7% melanin content), even with no or low toxicity to the cells (90.1 - 99.6% cell viability) at the concentrations from 10 to 100 μm. Furthermore, Western blot analysis suggested that compound 5 could inhibit melanogenesis by suppressing the protein expressions of MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicine Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Fang Zhu
- Department of Natural Medicine Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Natural Medicine Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Pan Pan Yang
- Department of Natural Medicine Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Natural Medicine Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jiradej Manosroi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Masahiko Abe
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akihisa
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicine Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, 223003, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Toonaciliatin K against Adjuvant Arthritis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9436280. [PMID: 29181410 PMCID: PMC5664280 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9436280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Toonaciliatin K is a natural limonoid purified from the Toona ciliata Roem. var. ciliata (Meliaceae). This study is to reveal the inflammatory suppression effect of toonaciliatin K and further the intrinsic mechanism. Firstly, anti-inflammatory effect of toonaciliatin K was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced RAW264.7 cells. RT-PCR results indicated that the mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were downregulated by toonaciliatin K. The toonaciliatin K inhibited TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels stimulated by LPS. Furthermore, LPS elicited the excess iNOS and COX-2 mRNA and protein production and toonaciliatin K attenuated the excess production. Western blot assay demonstrated that MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways play critical roles in the toonaciliatin K's anti-inflammatory activity. Secondly, toonaciliatin K inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Thirdly, toonaciliatin K alleviated the paw swelling and improved arthritis clinical scores in the adjuvant arthritis rats. Toonaciliatin K decreased the proinflammatory cytokines levels and Mankin scores in adjuvant arthritis rats. The HE staining, safranin O-fast green, and toluidine blue staining results demonstrated that toonaciliatin K alleviated the histological changes of paw, for example, pannus formation, focal loss of cartilage, bone erosion, and presence of extra-articular inflammation. Hence, toonaciliatin K is a promising agent for treatment of arthritis.
Collapse
|