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Mahala S, Gupta N, Singh S, Sharma AK, Bhuvanesh N, Joshi H. Designing Cobalt(II) Complex for Chemoselective Synthesis of 2-Aryl-3-Formyl Indoles from Amino Alcohols and Alcohols †. Chemistry 2024:e202401698. [PMID: 38899378 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
An air-stable, inexpensive, and isolable cobalt(II) complex (C1) of N-((1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)-2-(phenylselanyl)ethan amine (L1) was synthesized and characterized. The complex was used to catalyze a one-pot cascade reaction between 2-(2-aminophenyl)ethanols and benzyl alcohol derivatives. Interestingly, 2-aryl-3-formylindole derivatives were formed instead of N-alkylated or C-3 alkylated indoles. A broad substrate scope can be activated using this protocol with only 5.0 mol % catalyst loading to achieve up to 87 % yield of 2-aryl-3-formylindole derivatives. The mechanistic studies suggested that the reaction proceeds through tandem imine formation followed by cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Mahala
- ISC Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Navya Gupta
- ISC Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Sohan Singh
- ISC Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Alpesh K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Hemant Joshi
- ISC Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
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Erdoğan M, Serdar Çavuş M, Muğlu H, Yakan H, Türkeş C, Demir Y, Beydemir Ş. Synthesis, Theoretical, in Silico and in Vitro Biological Evaluation Studies of New Thiosemicarbazones as Enzyme Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301063. [PMID: 37769192 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Eleven new thiosemicarbazone derivatives (1-11) were designed from nine different biologically and pharmacologically important isothiocyanate derivatives containing functional groups such as fluorine, chlorine, methoxy, methyl, and nitro at various positions of the phenyl ring, in addition to the benzyl unit in the molecular skeletal structure. First, their substituted-thiosemicarbazide derivatives were synthesized from the treatment of isothiocyanate with hydrazine to synthesize the designed compounds. Through a one-step easy synthesis and an eco-friendly process, the designed compounds were synthesized with yields of up to 95 % from the treatment of the thiosemicarbazides with aldehyde derivatives having methoxy and hydroxy groups. The structures of the synthesized molecules were elucidated with elemental analysis and FT-IR, 1 H-NMR, and 13 C-NMR spectroscopic methods. The electronic and spectroscopic properties of the compounds were determined by the DFT calculations performed at the B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) level of theory, and the experimental findings were supported. The effects of some global reactivity parameters and nucleophilic-electrophilic attack abilities of the compounds on the enzyme inhibition properties were also investigated. They exhibited a highly potent inhibition effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) (KI values are in the range of 23.54±4.34 to 185.90±26.16 nM, 103.90±23.49 to 325.90±77.99 nM, and 86.15±18.58 to 287.70±43.09 nM for AChE, hCA I, and hCA II, respectively). Furthermore, molecular docking simulations were performed to explain each enzyme-ligand complex's interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Erdoğan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kafkas University, 36100, Kars, Turkey
| | - M Serdar Çavuş
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37200, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Halit Muğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kastamonu University, 37200, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Hasan Yakan
- Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Education, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55200, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 24002, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, 75700, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey, Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Education, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, 55200, Turkey
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Goel B, Jaiswal S, Jain SK. Indole derivatives targeting colchicine binding site as potential anticancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300210. [PMID: 37480173 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are appealing as intracellular targets for anticancer activity due to their importance in cell division. Three important binding sites are present on the tubulin protein: taxane, vinca, and colchicine binding sites (CBS). Many USFDA-approved drugs such as paclitaxel, ixabepilone, vinblastine, and combretastatin act by altering the dynamics of the microtubules. Additionally, a large number of compounds have been synthesized by medicinal chemists around the globe that target different tubulin binding sites. Although CBS inhibitors have proved their cytotoxic potential, no CBS-targeting drug had been able to reach the market. Several studies have reported design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of indole derivatives as potential anticancer agents. These compounds have been shown to inhibit cancer cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and disrupt microtubule formation. Moreover, the binding affinity of these compounds to the CBS has been demonstrated using molecular docking studies and competitive binding assays. The present work has reviewed indole derivatives as potential colchicine-binding site inhibitors. The structure-activity relationship studies have revealed the crucial pharmacophoric features required for the potent and selective binding of indole derivatives to the CBS. The development of these compounds with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity could potentially lead to the development of novel and effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivani Jaiswal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shreyans K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kumar A, Mishra R, Mazumder A, Mazumder R, Varshney S. Exploring Synthesis and Chemotherapeutic Potential of Thiosemicarbazide Analogs. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2023; 23:60-75. [PMID: 35658880 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220603090626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. Researchers are continually finding new and more effective medications to battle the diseases. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to identify the emerging role of Thiosemicarbazide analogs for different types of cancer targets with a glance at different novel synthetic routes reported for their synthesis. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted from various sources over the last 15 years with the inclusion of published research and review articles that involves the synthesis and use of thiosemicarbazide analogs for different targets of cancer. Data from the literature review for synthesis and anticancer potential for specific targets for cancer studies of thiosemicarbazide analogs are summarized in the paper. RESULTS There are several emerging studies for new synthetic routes of thiosemicarbazide derivatives with their role in various types of cancers. The main limitation is the lack of clinical trial of the key findings for the emergence of new anticancer medication with thiosemicarbazide moiety. CONCLUSION Emerging therapies exist for use of a limited number of medications for the treatment of cancer; results of the ongoing studies will provide more robust evidence in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhalesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge park-2, Plot 19, Greater Noida, India
| | - Rakhi Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge park-2, Plot 19, Greater Noida, India
| | - Avijit Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge park-2, Plot 19, Greater Noida, India
| | - Rupa Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge park-2, Plot 19, Greater Noida, India
| | - Shruti Varshney
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge park-2, Plot 19, Greater Noida, India
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Mirahmad M, Sabourian R, Mahdavi M, Larijani B, Safavi M. In vitro cell-based models of drug-induced hepatotoxicity screening: progress and limitation. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:161-193. [PMID: 35403528 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2064487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the major causes of post-approval withdrawal of therapeutics. As a result, there is an increasing need for accurate predictive in vitro assays that reliably detect hepatotoxic drug candidates while reducing drug discovery time, costs, and the number of animal experiments. In vitro hepatocyte-based research has led to an improved comprehension of the underlying mechanisms of chemical toxicity and can assist the prioritization of therapeutic choices with low hepatotoxicity risk. Therefore, several in vitro systems have been generated over the last few decades. This review aims to comprehensively present the development and validation of 2D (two-dimensional) and 3D (three-dimensional) culture approaches on hepatotoxicity screening of compounds and highlight the main factors affecting predictive power of experiments. To this end, we first summarize some of the recognized hepatotoxicity mechanisms and related assays used to appraise DILI mechanisms and then discuss the challenges and limitations of in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mirahmad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Sabourian
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Safavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Target-based anticancer indole derivatives and insight into structure‒activity relationship: A mechanistic review update (2018‒2021). Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3006-3027. [PMID: 35865090 PMCID: PMC9293743 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer, which is the uncontrolled growth of cells, is the second leading cause of death after heart disease. Targeting drugs, especially to specific genes and proteins involved in growth and survival of cancer cells, is the prime need of research world-wide. Indole moiety, which is a combination of aromatic-heterocyclic compounds, is a constructive scaffold for the development of novel leads. Owing to its bioavailability, high unique chemical properties and significant pharmacological behaviours, indole is considered as the most inquisitive scaffold for anticancer drug research. This is illustrated by the fact that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved several indole-based anticancer agents such as panobinostat, alectinib, sunitinib, osimertinib, anlotinib and nintedanib for clinical use. Furthermore, hundreds of studies on the synthesis and activity of the indole ring have been published in the last three years. Taking into account the facts stated above, we have presented the most recent advances in medicinal chemistry of indole derivatives, encompassing hot articles published between 2018 and 2021 in anticancer drug research. The recent advances made towards the synthesis of promising indole-based anticancer compounds that may act via various targets such as topoisomerase, tubulin, apoptosis, aromatase, kinases, etc., have been discussed. This review also summarizes some of the recent efficient green chemical synthesis for indole rings using various catalysts for the period during 2018–2021. The review also covers the synthesis, structure‒activity relationship, and mechanism by which these leads have demonstrated improved and promising anticancer activity. Indole molecules under clinical and preclinical stages are classified into groups based on their cancer targets and presented in tabular form, along with their mechanism of action. The goal of this review article is to point the way for medicinal chemists to design and develop effective indole-based anticancer agents.
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Chen GR, Chang ML, Chang ST, Ho YT, Chang HT. Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction of 6,7-Dehydroroyleanone from Taiwania cryptomerioides Bark Essential Oil in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020351. [PMID: 35214084 PMCID: PMC8880271 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Taiwania cryptomerioides essential oil and its phytochemical on the Hep G2 cell line (human hepatocellular carcinoma). Bark essential oil has significant cytotoxicity to Hep G2 cells, and S3 fraction is the most active fraction in cytotoxicity to Hep G2 cells among the six fractions. The diterpenoid quinone, 6,7-dehydroroyleanone, was isolated from the active S3 fraction by bioassay-guided isolation. 6,7-Dehydroroyleanone exhibited significant cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, and the efficacy of 6,7-dehydroroyleanone was better than the positive control, etoposide. Apoptosis analysis of Hep G2 cells with different treatments was characterized via flow cytometry to confirm the cell death situation. Etoposide and 6,7-dehydroroyleanone could induce the apoptosis in Hep G2 cells using flow cytometric assay. Results revealed 6,7-dehydroroyleanone from T. cryptomerioides bark essential oil can be a potential phytochemical to develop the anticancer chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of the human hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Rong Chen
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (G.-R.C.); (S.-T.C.); (Y.-T.H.)
| | - Mei-Ling Chang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei 104, Taiwan;
| | - Shang-Tzen Chang
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (G.-R.C.); (S.-T.C.); (Y.-T.H.)
| | - Yu-Tung Ho
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (G.-R.C.); (S.-T.C.); (Y.-T.H.)
| | - Hui-Ting Chang
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (G.-R.C.); (S.-T.C.); (Y.-T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-3366-5880
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Bakherad Z, Bakherad H, Sepehri S, Faramarzi MA, Mahnam K, Mojtabavi S, Mahdavi M. In silico and in vitro studies of thiosemicarbazone-indole hybrid compounds as potent α-glycosidase inhibitors. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 97:107642. [PMID: 35183819 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Seen SB, Gong Y, Ashton M. The application of the Fischer indole synthesis in medicinal chemistry. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Zhao J, Roy P, Tang H, Ma X, Di Q, Quan J, Guan Y, Li X, Xiao W, Chen W. Indole derivative XCR-5a alleviates LPS-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 44:157-167. [PMID: 34958291 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.2020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Few studies on anti-inflammatory drugs with indole groups have been published. This is the first study that demonstrates the anti-inflammatory effects of indole derivative XCR-5a in vitro and in vivo. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to discover more anti-inflammatory drugs with indole groups and investigate their anti-inflammatory mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, a series of indole derivatives was synthesized, then screened for XCR-5a, a compound with anti-inflammatory effects. Second, the in vitro production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary cells of mice pretreated with XCR-5a was determined using qPCR and ELISA. Finally, the effect of XCR-5a on LPS-induced NF-κB signaling activation was determined by Western blotting. An in vivo mouse sepsis model was established. In mouse lung tissue, the production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was determined and H&E staining was performed. RESULTS Our findings showed that XCR-5a could suppress the production of LPS-induced IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2. Pretreatment with XCR-5a inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory response in septic mice in vivo by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines production in serum and reducing immune cell infiltration. Mechanistically, XCR-5a suppressed LPS-induced activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS XCR-5a has anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, XCR-5a could be a potential drug candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Prasanta Roy
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Haimei Tang
- Department of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xingyu Ma
- Department of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Qianqian Di
- Department of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jiazheng Quan
- Department of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yonghong Guan
- Department of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Weilie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Department of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
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Kim B, Ahn S, Lee Y, Koh D, Lim Y. 1 H and 13 C NMR spectral assignments of nineteen 5-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-pyrazoline derivatives. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:478-488. [PMID: 33527501 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beomsoo Kim
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BMIC, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seunghyun Ahn
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngshim Lee
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BMIC, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongsoo Koh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoongho Lim
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BMIC, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Mir RH, Mohi-ud-din R, Wani TU, Dar MO, Shah AJ, Lone B, Pooja C, Masoodi MH. Indole: A Privileged Heterocyclic Moiety in the Management of Cancer. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666210208142108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic are a class of compounds that are intricately entwined into life processes.
Almost more than 90% of marketed drugs carry heterocycles. Synthetic chemistry, in
turn, allocates a cornucopia of heterocycles. Among the heterocycles, indole, a bicyclic structure
consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered pyrrole ring with
numerous pharmacophores that generate a library of various lead molecules. Due to its profound
pharmacological profile, indole got wider attention around the globe to explore it fully
in the interest of mankind. The current review covers recent advancements on indole in the
design of various anti-cancer agents acting by targeting various enzymes or receptors, including
(HDACs), sirtuins, PIM kinases, DNA topoisomerases, and σ receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Roohi Mohi-ud-din
- Pharmacognosy Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Taha Umair Wani
- Pharmaceutics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Mohammad Ovais Dar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Abdul Jaleel Shah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Bashir Lone
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Chawla Pooja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, India
| | - Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir, India
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