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Chen Z, Chen J, Ni D, Xu W, Zhang W, Mu W. Microbial dextran-hydrolyzing enzyme: Properties, structural features, and versatile applications. Food Chem 2024; 437:137951. [PMID: 37951078 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Dextran, an α-glucan mainly composed of (α1 → 6) linkages, has been widely applied in the food, cosmetic, and medicine industries. Dextranase can hydrolyze dextran to synthesize oligodextrans, which show prominent properties and promising applications in the food industry. Dextranases are widely distributed in bacteria, yeasts, and fungus, and classified into glycoside hydrolase (GH) 13, 15, 31, 49, and 66 families according to their sequence similarity, structural features, and reaction types. Dextranase, as a dextran-hydrolyzing enzyme, displays great application potential in the sugar-making, oral health care, medicine, and biotechnology industries. Here we mainly focused on presenting the enzymatic properties, structural features, and versatile (potential) applications of dextranase. To date, seven crystal structures of dextranases from GH 13, 15, 31, 49, and 66 families have been successfully solved. However, their molecular mechanisms for hydrolyzing dextran, especially on the size determinants of the hydrolysates, remain largely unknown. Additionally, the classification, microbial distribution, and immobilization technology of dextranase were also discussed in detail. This review discussed dextranase from different aspects with the ambition to present how they constitute the groundwork for promising future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Hu X, Xia B, Ru W, Zhang Y, Yang J, Zhang H. Research progress on structure and catalytic mechanism of dextranase. EFOOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐Qin Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
| | - Bing‐Bing Xia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
| | - Wei‐Juan Ru
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
| | - Yu‐Xin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
| | - Jing‐Wen Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
| | - Hong‐Bin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Liu N, Wei Z, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wang S. Purification and characterization of cold-adapted and salt-tolerant dextranase from Cellulosimicrobium sp. THN1 and its potential application for treatment of dental plaque. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1012957. [PMID: 36439846 PMCID: PMC9691899 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1012957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The cold-adapted and/or salt-tolerant enzymes from marine microorganisms were confirmed to be meritorious tools to enhance the efficiency of biocatalysis in industrial biotechnology. We purified and characterized a dextranase CeDex from the marine bacterium Cellulosimicrobium sp. THN1. CeDex acted in alkaline pHs (7.5-8.5) and a broad temperature range (10-50°C) with sufficient pH stability and thermostability. Remarkably, CeDex retained approximately 40% of its maximal activities at 4°C and increased its activity to 150% in 4 M NaCl, displaying prominently cold adaptation and salt tolerance. Moreover, CeDex was greatly stimulated by Mg2+, Na+, Ba2+, Ca2+ and Sr2+, and sugarcane juice always contains K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+, so CeDex will be suitable for removing dextran in the sugar industry. The main hydrolysate of CeDex was isomaltotriose, accompanied by isomaltotetraose, long-chain IOMs, and a small amount of isomaltose. The amino acid sequence of CeDex was identified from the THN1 genomic sequence by Nano LC-MS/MS and classified into the GH49 family. Notably, CeDex could prevent the formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm and disassemble existing biofilms at 10 U/ml concentration and would have great potential to defeat biofilm-related dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiang Xu
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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Barzkar N, Babich O, Das R, Sukhikh S, Tamadoni Jahromi S, Sohail M. Marine Bacterial Dextranases: Fundamentals and Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175533. [PMID: 36080300 PMCID: PMC9458216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dextran, a renewable hydrophilic polysaccharide, is nontoxic, highly stable but intrinsically biodegradable. The α-1, 6 glycosidic bonds in dextran are attacked by dextranase (E.C. 3.2.1.11) which is an inducible enzyme. Dextranase finds many applications such as, in sugar industry, in the production of human plasma substitutes, and for the treatment and prevention of dental plaque. Currently, dextranases are obtained from terrestrial fungi which have longer duration for production but not very tolerant to environmental conditions and have safety concerns. Marine bacteria have been proposed as an alternative source of these enzymes and can provide prospects to overcome these issues. Indeed, marine bacterial dextranases are reportedly more effective and suitable for dental caries prevention and treatment. Here, we focused on properties of dextran, properties of dextran—hydrolyzing enzymes, particularly from marine sources and the biochemical features of these enzymes. Lastly the potential use of these marine bacterial dextranase to remove dental plaque has been discussed. The review covers dextranase-producing bacteria isolated from shrimp, fish, algae, sea slit, and sea water, as well as from macro- and micro fungi and other microorganisms. It is common knowledge that dextranase is used in the sugar industry; produced as a result of hydrolysis by dextranase and have prebiotic properties which influence the consistency and texture of food products. In medicine, dextranases are used to make blood substitutes. In addition, dextranase is used to produce low molecular weight dextran and cytotoxic dextran. Furthermore, dextranase is used to enhance antibiotic activity in endocarditis. It has been established that dextranase from marine bacteria is the most preferable for removing plaque, as it has a high enzymatic activity. This study lays the groundwork for the future design and development of different oral care products, based on enzymes derived from marine bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Barzkar
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 74576, Iran
- Correspondence: or
| | - Olga Babich
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Rakesh Das
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Stanislav Sukhikh
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas 14578, Iran
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Liu N, Li P, Dong X, Lan Y, Xu L, Wei Z, Wang S. Purification, Characterization, and Hydrolysate Analysis of Dextranase From Arthrobacter oxydans G6-4B. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:813079. [PMID: 35223821 PMCID: PMC8867256 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.813079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dextran has aroused increasingly more attention as the primary pollutant in sucrose production and storage. Although enzymatic hydrolysis is more efficient and environmentally friendly than physical methods, the utilization of dextranase in the sugar industry is restricted by the mismatch of reaction conditions and heterogeneity of hydrolysis products. In this research, a dextranase from Arthrobacter oxydans G6-4B was purified and characterized. Through anion exchange chromatography, dextranase was successfully purified up to 32.25-fold with a specific activity of 288.62 U/mg protein and a Mw of 71.12 kDa. The optimum reaction conditions were 55°C and pH 7.5, and it remained relatively stable in the range of pH 7.0-9.0 and below 60°C, while significantly inhibited by metal ions, such as Ni+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, and Co2+. Noteworthily, a distinction of previous studies was that the hydrolysates of dextran were basically isomalto-triose (more than 73%) without glucose, and the type of hydrolysates tended to be relatively stable in 30 min; dextranase activity showed a great influence on hydrolysate. In conclusion, given the superior thermal stability and simplicity of hydrolysates, the dextranase in this study presented great potential in the sugar industry to remove dextran and obtain isomalto-triose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Peiting Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiujin Dong
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yusi Lan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Linxiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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Enhanced Thermostability of D-Psicose 3-Epimerase from Clostridium bolteae through Rational Design and Engineering of New Disulfide Bridges. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810007. [PMID: 34576170 PMCID: PMC8464696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
D-psicose 3-epimerase (DPEase) catalyzes the isomerization of D-fructose to D-psicose (aka D-allulose, a low-calorie sweetener), but its industrial application has been restricted by the poor thermostability of the naturally available enzymes. Computational rational design of disulfide bridges was used to select potential sites in the protein structure of DPEase from Clostridium bolteae to engineer new disulfide bridges. Three mutants were engineered successfully with new disulfide bridges in different locations, increasing their optimum catalytic temperature from 55 to 65 °C, greatly improving their thermal stability and extending their half-lives (t1/2) at 55 °C from 0.37 h to 4−4.5 h, thereby greatly enhancing their potential for industrial application. Molecular dynamics simulation and spatial configuration analysis revealed that introduction of a disulfide bridge modified the protein hydrogen–bond network, rigidified both the local and overall structures of the mutants and decreased the entropy of unfolded protein, thereby enhancing the thermostability of DPEase.
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