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Chraniuk M, Panasiuk M, Hovhannisyan L, Żołędowska S, Nidzworski D, Ciołek L, Woźniak A, Kubiś A, Karska N, Jaegermann Z, Rodziewicz-Motowidło S, Biernat M, Gromadzka B. Assessment of the Toxicity of Biocompatible Materials Supporting Bone Regeneration: Impact of the Type of Assay and Used Controls. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10010020. [PMID: 35051062 PMCID: PMC8778995 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Assessing the toxicity of new biomaterials dedicated to bone regeneration can be difficult. Many reports focus only on a single toxicity parameter, which may be insufficient for a detailed evaluation of the new material. Moreover, published data frequently do not include control cells exposed to the environment without composite or its extract. Here we present the results of two assays used in the toxicological assessment of materials’ extracts (the integrity of the cellular membrane and the mitochondrial activity/proliferation), and the influence of different types of controls used on the obtained results. Results obtained in the cellular membrane integrity assay showed a lack of toxic effects of all tested extracts, and no statistical differences between them were present. Control cells, cells incubated with chitosan extract or chitosan-bioglass extract were used as a reference in proliferation calculations to highlight the impact of controls used on the result of the experiment. The use of different baseline controls caused variability between obtained proliferation results, and influenced the outcome of statistical analysis. Our findings confirm the thesis that the type of control used in an experiment can change the final results, and it may affect the toxicological assessment of biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Chraniuk
- Department of In Vitro Studies, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (L.H.); (S.Ż.); (D.N.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Mirosława Panasiuk
- Department of In Vitro Studies, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (L.H.); (S.Ż.); (D.N.)
| | - Lilit Hovhannisyan
- Department of In Vitro Studies, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (L.H.); (S.Ż.); (D.N.)
| | - Sabina Żołędowska
- Department of In Vitro Studies, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (L.H.); (S.Ż.); (D.N.)
| | - Dawid Nidzworski
- Department of In Vitro Studies, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (L.H.); (S.Ż.); (D.N.)
| | - Lidia Ciołek
- Biomaterials Research Group, Ceramic and Concrete Division in Warsaw, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Kraków, Poland; (L.C.); (A.W.); (Z.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Anna Woźniak
- Biomaterials Research Group, Ceramic and Concrete Division in Warsaw, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Kraków, Poland; (L.C.); (A.W.); (Z.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Kubiś
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (N.K.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Natalia Karska
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (N.K.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Zbigniew Jaegermann
- Biomaterials Research Group, Ceramic and Concrete Division in Warsaw, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Kraków, Poland; (L.C.); (A.W.); (Z.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Sylwia Rodziewicz-Motowidło
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (N.K.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Monika Biernat
- Biomaterials Research Group, Ceramic and Concrete Division in Warsaw, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Kraków, Poland; (L.C.); (A.W.); (Z.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Beata Gromadzka
- Department of In Vitro Studies, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (L.H.); (S.Ż.); (D.N.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (B.G.)
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