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Hussein BA, Karimi I, Yousofvand N. Chemo- and bio-informatics insight into anti-cholinesterase potentials of berries and leaves of Myrtus communis L., Myrtaceae: an in vitro/in silico study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:421. [PMID: 37990185 PMCID: PMC10664585 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myrtus communis L. (MC) has been used in Mesopotamian medicine. Here, the cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitory potential of its methyl alcohol extracts has been investigated and computationally dissected. METHOD The ChE inhibition has been measured based on usual Ellman's colorimetric method compared to a canonical ChE inhibitor, eserine. Through a deep text mining, the structures of phytocompounds (= ligands) of MC were curated from ChemSpider, PubChem, and ZINC databases and docked into protein targets, AChE (PDB 1EVE) and BChE (PDB 1P0I) after initial in silico preparedness and binding affinity (BA; kcal/mol) reported as an endpoint. The calculation of ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) features of phytocompounds were retrieved from SwissADME ( http://www.swissadme.ch/ ) and admetSAR software to predict the drug-likeness or lead-likeness fitness. The Toxtree v2.5.1, software platforms ( http://toxtree.sourceforge.net/ ) have been used to predict the class of toxicity of phytocompounds. The STITCH platform ( http://stitch.embl.de ) has been employed to predict ChE-chemicals interactions. RESULTS The possible inhibitory activities of AChE of extracts of leaves and berries were 37.33 and 70.00%, respectively as compared to that of eserine while inhibitory BChE activities of extracts of leaves and berries of MC were 19.00 and 50.67%, respectively as compared to that of eserine. Phytochemicals of MC had BA towards AChE ranging from -7.1 (carvacrol) to -9.9 (ellagic acid) kcal/mol. In this regard, alpha-bulnesene, (Z)-gamma-Bisabolene, and beta-bourbonene were top-listed low toxic binders of AChE, and (Z)-gamma-bisabolene was a more specific AChE binder. Alpha-cadinol, estragole, humulene epoxide II, (a)esculin, ellagic acid, patuletin, juniper camphor, linalyl anthranilate, and spathulenol were high class (Class III) toxic substances which among others, patuletin and alpha-cadinol were more specific AChE binders. Among intermediate class (Class II) toxic substances, beta-chamigrene was a more specific AChE binder while semimyrtucommulone and myrtucommulone A were more specific BChE binders. CONCLUSION In sum, the AChE binders derived from MC were categorized mostly as antiinsectants (e.g., patuletin and alpha-cardinal) due to their predicted toxic classes. It seems that structural amendment and stereoselective synthesis like adding sulphonate or sulphamate groups to these phytocompounds may make them more suitable candidates for considering in preclinical investigations of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baydaa Abed Hussein
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67149-67346, Iran
| | - Isaac Karimi
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67149-67346, Iran.
| | - Namdar Yousofvand
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67149-67346, Iran
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Yogi AK, Bana RS, Godara S, Sangwan S, Choudhary AK, Nirmal RC, Bamboriya SD, Shivay YS, Singh D, Singh T, Yadav A, Nagar S, Singh N. Elucidating the interactive impact of tillage, residue retention and system intensification on pearl millet yield stability and biofortification under rainfed agro-ecosystems. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1205926. [PMID: 37671196 PMCID: PMC10475997 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1205926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition and suboptimal yields pose significant challenges in rainfed cropping systems worldwide. To address these issues, the implementation of climate-smart management strategies such as conservation agriculture (CA) and system intensification of millet cropping systems is crucial. In this study, we investigated the effects of different system intensification options, residue management, and contrasting tillage practices on pearl millet yield stability, biofortification, and the fatty acid profile of the pearl millet. ZT systems with intercropping of legumes (cluster bean, cowpea, and chickpea) significantly increased productivity (7-12.5%), micronutrient biofortification [Fe (12.5%), Zn (4.9-12.2%), Mn (3.1-6.7%), and Cu (8.3-16.7%)], protein content (2.2-9.9%), oil content (1.3%), and fatty acid profile of pearl millet grains compared to conventional tillage (CT)-based systems with sole cropping. The interactive effect of tillage, residue retention, and system intensification analyzed using GGE statistical analysis revealed that the best combination for achieving stable yields and micronutrient fortification was residue retention in both (wet and dry) seasons coupled with a ZT pearl millet + cowpea-mustard (both with and without barley intercropping) system. In conclusion, ZT combined with residue recycling and legume intercropping can be recommended as an effective approach to achieve stable yield levels and enhance the biofortification of pearl millet in rainfed agroecosystems of South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay K. Yogi
- Division of Agronomy, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ram Swaroop Bana
- Division of Agronomy, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Samarth Godara
- Division of Computer Applications, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Sangwan
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil K. Choudhary
- Division of Agronomy, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Division of Crop Production, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi C. Nirmal
- Division of Agronomy, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shanti D. Bamboriya
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Maize Research Institute, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Yashbir S. Shivay
- Division of Agronomy, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Singh
- Division of Computer Applications, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Teekam Singh
- Division of Agronomy, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Achchhelal Yadav
- Division of Agricultural Physics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivani Nagar
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nirupma Singh
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Puranik S, Shukla L, Kundu A, Kamil D, Paul S, Venkadasamy G, Salim R, Singh SK, Kumar D, Kumar A. Exploring Potent Fungal Isolates from Sanitary Landfill Soil for In Vitro Degradation of Dibutyl Phthalate. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010125. [PMID: 36675946 PMCID: PMC9860837 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most extensively used plasticizers for providing elasticity to plastics. Being potentially harmful to humans, investigating eco-benign options for its rapid degradation is imperative. Microbe-mediated DBP mineralization is well-recorded, but studies on the pollutant's fungal catabolism remain scarce. Thus, the present investigation was undertaken to exploit the fungal strains from toxic sanitary landfill soil for the degradation of DBP. The most efficient isolate, SDBP4, identified on a molecular basis as Aspergillus flavus, was able to mineralize 99.34% dibutyl phthalate (100 mg L-1) within 15 days of incubation. It was found that the high production of esterases by the fungal strain was responsible for the degradation. The strain also exhibited the highest biomass (1615.33 mg L-1) and total soluble protein (261.73 µg mL-1) production amongst other isolates. The DBP degradation pathway scheme was elucidated with the help of GC-MS-based characterizations that revealed the formation of intermediate metabolites such as benzyl-butyl phthalate (BBP), dimethyl-phthalate (DMP), di-iso-butyl-phthalate (DIBP) and phthalic acid (PA). This is the first report of DBP mineralization assisted with A. flavus, using it as a sole carbon source. SDBP4 will be further formulated to develop an eco-benign product for the bioremediation of DBP-contaminated toxic sanitary landfill soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriniketan Puranik
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Livleen Shukla
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (A.K.); Tel.: +91-880-093-3066 (L.S.); +91-896-063-9724 (A.K.)
| | - Aditi Kundu
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Deeba Kamil
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sangeeta Paul
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Govindasamy Venkadasamy
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rajna Salim
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | | | - Ajay Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (A.K.); Tel.: +91-880-093-3066 (L.S.); +91-896-063-9724 (A.K.)
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Phytochemical Analysis and Binding Interaction of Cotton Seed Cake Derived Compounds with Target Protein of Meloidogyne incognita for Nematicidal Evaluation. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122109. [PMID: 36556474 PMCID: PMC9784384 DOI: 10.3390/life12122109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes and is responsible for significant crop losses worldwide. Rising human health and environmental concerns have led to the withdrawal of commonly used chemical nematicides. There has been a tremendous demand for eco-friendly bio-nematicides with beneficial properties to the nematode hosting plants, which encourages the need for alternative nematode management practices. The current study was undertaken to determine the nematicidal potential of cotton seed cake (CSC) against second-stage juvenile (J2) hatching, J2 mortality, and J2 penetration of M. incognita in tomato plants in vitro. J2s and egg masses of M. incognita were exposed to four concentrations (250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/L) of CSC extracts. The higher J2 mortality and inhibition of J2 hatching were found at 1000 mg/L, while the least effective result was observed at 250 mg/L of the CSC extract. The CSC extract applied with the concentrations mentioned above also showed inhibition of J2 penetration in tomato roots; 1000 mg/L showed the highest inhibition of penetration, while 250 mg/L displayed the least inhibition. Using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, we identified 11 compounds, out of which 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, and Tetradecanoic acid were found as major compounds. Subsequently, in silico molecular docking was conducted to confirm the nematicidal behavior of CSC based on binding interactions of the above three major compounds with the targeted protein acetylcholine esterase (AChE) of M. incognita. The values of binding free energy are -5.3, -4.5, and -4.9 kcal/mol, observed for 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, and Tetradecanoic acid, respectively, suggesting that 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid binds with the receptor AChE more efficiently than the other two ligands. This study indicates that CSC has nematicidal potential that can be used to control M. incognita for sustainable agriculture.
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Pradhan PC, Mukhopadhyay A, Kumar R, Kundu A, Patanjali N, Dutta A, Kamil D, Bag TK, Aggarwal R, Bharadwaj C, Singh PK, Singh A. Performance appraisal of Trichoderma viride based novel tablet and powder formulations for management of Fusarium wilt disease in chickpea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:990392. [PMID: 36275506 PMCID: PMC9585344 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.990392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In developing a Trichoderma viride-based biocontrol program for Fusarium wilt disease in chickpea, the choice of the quality formulation is imperative. In the present study, two types of formulations i.e. powder for seed treatment (TvP) and tablet for direct application (TvT), employing T. viride as the biocontrol agent, were evaluated for their ability to control chickpea wilt under field conditions at three dosages i.e. recommended (RD), double of recommended (DD) and half of recommended (1/2 RD). A screening study for the antagonistic fungi strains based on volatile and non-volatile bioassays revealed that T. viride ITCC 7764 has the most potential among the five strains tested (ITCC 6889, ITCC 7204, ITCC 7764, ITCC 7847, ITCC 8276), which was then used to develop the TvP and TvT formulations. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of T. viride strain confirmed the highest abundance of compositions comprising octan-3-one (13.92%), 3-octanol (10.57%), and 1-octen-3-ol (9.40%) in the most potential T. viride 7764. Further Physico-chemical characterization by standard Collaborative International Pesticides Analytical Council (CIPAC) methods revealed the optimized TvP formulation to be free flowing at pH 6.50, with a density of 0.732 g cm-3. The TvT formulation showed a pH value of 7.16 and density of 0.0017 g cm-3 for a complete disintegration time of 22.5 min. The biocontrol potential of TvP formulation was found to be superior to that of TvT formulation in terms of both seed germination and wilt incidence in chickpea under field conditions. However, both the developed formulations (TvP and TvT) expressed greater bioefficacy compared to the synthetic fungicide (Carbendazim 50% WP) and the conventional talc-based formulation. Further research should be carried out on the compatibility of the developed products with other agrochemicals of synthetic or natural origin to develop an integrated disease management (IDM) schedule in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Chandra Pradhan
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Arkadeb Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Randeep Kumar
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Kundu
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeraj Patanjali
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Deeba Kamil
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Tusar Kanti Bag
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi Aggarwal
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Chellapilla Bharadwaj
- Division of Genetics, (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - P. K. Singh
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anupama Singh
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Kundu A, Mandal A, Dutta A, Saha S, Raina AP, Kumar R, Ghosh A. Nanoemulsification of Kaempferia galanga essential oil: Characterizations and molecular interactions explaining fungal growth suppression. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Elsharkawy MM, Al-Askar AA, Behiry SI, Abdelkhalek A, Saleem MH, Kamran M, Derbalah A. Resistance induction and nematicidal activity of certain monoterpenes against tomato root-knot caused by Meloidogyne incognita. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:982414. [PMID: 36204064 PMCID: PMC9530745 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.982414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This research was performed to evaluate the potential of carvone, cuminaldehyde, cineole, and linalool for the control of root-knot of tomato. The tested control agents were evaluated for their ability to stimulate systemic resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in tomato by monitoring the transcription levels of defense-related genes. Moreover, the ability of the tested agents to induce nematicidal activity concerning second-stage juveniles (J2) hatching and mortality was evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of the tested agents on certain tomato growth and yield parameters was assessed. The tested monoterpenes showed high nematicidal activity against M. incognita concerning J2 hatching inhibition and mortality. Carvone, cuminaldhyde, linalool, and cineole had LC50 values of 123.5, 172.2, 354.9, 466.4, and 952.3 μg/mL, respectively. Carvone was found to be the most efficient hatching inhibitor. The tested monoterpenes showed a high potential against root-knot under greenhouse and field conditions with respect to root-galling, egg masses, and the number of J2. Carvone was the most effective treatment. The growth and yield characters of treated tomato were significantly increased in monoterpenes treatments compared to untreated control. Treated tomato plants showed expression of defense-related genes (PR1 and PAL) 5-8 folds higher than the control. The results also showed that cuminaldhyde, followed by carvone, linalool, and cineole, had the greatest levels of expression in tomato plants. Taken together, the selected monoterpenes could be used as alternatives to control the root-knot of tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Said I. Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelkhalek
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, ALCRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System Core in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Aly Derbalah
- Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
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Direct and Indirect Effects of Essential Oils for Sustainable Crop Protection. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162144. [PMID: 36015446 PMCID: PMC9416161 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant essential oils (EOs) are gaining interest as biopesticides for crop protection. EOs have been recognized as important ingredients of plant protection products including insecticidal, acaricidal, fungicidal, and nematicidal agents. Considering the growing importance of EOs as active ingredients, the domestication and cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) to produce chemically stable EOs contributes to species conservation, provides the sustainability of production, and decreases the variations in the active ingredients. In addition to these direct effects on plant pests and diseases, EOs can induce plant defenses (priming effects) resulting in better protection. This aspect is of relevance considering that the EU framework aims to achieve the sustainable use of new plant protection products (PPPs), and since 2020, the use of contaminant PPPs has been prohibited. In this paper, we review the most updated information on the direct plant protection effects of EOs, focusing on their modes of action against insects, fungi, and nematodes, as well as the information available on EOs with plant defense priming effects.
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Ahmad A, Faizi S, Siddiqui PJA, Fayyaz S, Khan K, Iqbal EY, Rasheed M, Muzafar W. Bioassay Directed Fractionation of Petroleum Ether Extract of Aerial Parts of Ceriops tagal: Isolation of Lupeol as the Nematicidal Agent against Cyst Nematode Heterodera zeae. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100759. [PMID: 35001512 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Plant parasitic cyst nematode Heterodera zeae is a pest, causing substantial economic losses in agriculture. Organic pesticides, based on plant products have emerged as eco-benign nematicidal agents. Ceriops tagal is a well-known marine medicinal plant which has not been evaluated against any nematode. Petroleum ether extract of the aerial parts of the plant (CTP), exhibited promising activity against infective stage larvae of H. zeae . On subjecting to classical solvent-solvent separation, it afforded petroleum ether soluble (CTP-S), methanol soluble ( CTPMS-1 , CTPMS-2) and insoluble (CTPM-IN-2) fractions, which exhibited activity against the cyst nematode within 24 h exposure. GC, GCMS and ESI-HRMS analyses of CTPMS-1 and CTPMS-2 fractions resulted in the identification of a number of compounds, including pentacyclic triterpenoids, lupeol ( 1 ), betunal ( 2 ), betulin ( 3 ), lupenone ( 4 ), betulonaldehyde ( 5 ), betulonic acid ( 7 ), methyl-3-acetoxy-27- O -(3,4-dihydroxy- E -cinnamoyl)-20(29)-lupen-28-oate ( 8 ) and β -amyrin, along with phenylpropanoid esters, fatty acids and their derivatives, benzamide, and indole derivatives. CTPM-IN-2 which mainly contained lupeol ( 1 ) exhibited maximum nematicidal activity, with 91% and 93% mortality of the larvae of H. zeae , after exposure for 72 h at the concentration of 0.5% and 1%, respectively. Its fractionation and purification through column chromatography resulted in the isolation and identification of four lupane-type triterpenoids 1 , 3 , 4 and betulinic acid ( 6 ). One of its most abundant column fractions CC-9-18 (145 mg) which exhibited substantial activity, with 81% mortality at the lowest concentration of 0.125% after 48 h of incubation mainly contained lupeol. It seems lupeol, a wide spread bio-privileged triterpenoid is the nematicidal principle of the plant as its authentic sample showed LC 50 value of 0.061 after 72 h exposure. It is for the first time that nematicidal activity is reported for any part of C. tagal and that of lupeol against H. zeae. Pentacyclic triterpenoids 1 - 8 are biosynthetically related. Of the twenty-four compounds isolated or identified in the present investigation only five constituents 1 , 3 , 6 , 7 and palmitic acid have been isolated previously from C. tagal .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateeq Ahmad
- University of Karachi, Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, Center of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, PAKISTAN
| | - Shaheen Faizi
- University of Karachi, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, PAKISTAN
| | - Pirzada J A Siddiqui
- Bahria University, National Institute of Maritime Affairs, National Institute of Maritime Affairs, Bahria University, 13 National Stadium Road, 75260, Karachi, PAKISTAN
| | - Shahina Fayyaz
- University of Karachi, National Nematological Research Centre, National Nematological Research Centre (NNRC), University of Karachi, Karachi, PAKISTAN
| | - Kehkashan Khan
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Science Campus, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, 75300, Karachi, PAKISTAN
| | - Erum Y Iqbal
- University of Karachi, National Nematological Research Centre, National Nematological Research Centre (NNRC), University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, PAKISTAN
| | - Munawwer Rasheed
- University of Karachi, Center of Excellence in Marine Biology, Center of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, PAKISTAN
| | - Wajeeha Muzafar
- University of Karachi, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, PAKISTAN
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Manjesh K, Kundu A, Dutta A, Saha S, Neelakanthaiah BS. Bio-Insecticidal Nanoemulsions of Essential Oil and Lipid-Soluble Fractions of Pogostemon cablin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:874221. [PMID: 35574070 PMCID: PMC9101049 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.874221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop nanoemulsions (NEs) of essential oil (EO) and lipid-soluble extract (HE) of Pogostemon cablin leaves using biosurfactant, saponin. Hydro-distilled EO and fat-soluble HE were analyzed using GC-MS, which revealed 38.7 ± 2.7% and 37.5 ± 2.1% patchoulol, respectively. EO and HE were formulated with saponin to prepare corresponding coarse emulsions (CEs); furthermore, high-speed homogenization for 2 min was followed by ultrasonication for 3 min with constant frequency of 50 kHz. of the CEs resulted in respective NEs. NEs were characterized for the physico-chemical properties such as emulsion intrinsic stability, particle size distribution, polydispersity index (PDI), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for morphology and accurate nanodroplet diameters. CEs and NEs were investigated for insecticidal efficacy against adults of Tetranychus urticae and larvae of Spodoptera litura. Stable NEs of EO and HE at 500 μg mL-1 concentration exhibited corresponding average particle size of 51.7 and 89.9 nm, while TEM image revealed spherical-shaped droplets with the average droplet diameters of 15.3 and 29.4 nm, respectively. NEs of EO and HE displayed highest efficacy in contact toxicity (LC50 43.2 and 58.4 μg mL-1) after 48 h and fumigant toxicity (LC50 9.3 and 13.6 μg mL-1) after 24 h against T. urticae. In addition, NEs of EO showed considerable antifeedant and feeding deterrent action (AI 99.21 ± 0.74 and FI 99.73 ± 1.24) against S. litura larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthiraj Manjesh
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Kundu
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Aditi Kundu ;
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Supradip Saha
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Mwamba S, Kihika-Opanda R, Murungi LK, Losenge T, Beck JJ, Torto B. Identification of Repellents from Four Non-Host Asteraceae Plants for the Root Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15145-15156. [PMID: 34882384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory cues guide plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) to their host plants. We tested the hypothesis that non-host plant root volatiles repel PPNs. To achieve this, we compared the olfactory responses of infective juveniles (J2s) of the PPN Meloidogyne incognita to four non-host Asteraceae plants, namely, black-jack (Bidens pilosa), pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium), marigold (Tagetes minuta), and sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua), traditionally used in sub-Saharan Africa for the management of PPNs. Chemical analysis by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) combined with random forest analysis, followed by behavioral assays, identified the repellents in the root volatiles of B. pilosa, T. minuta, and A. annua as (E)-β-farnesene and 1,8-cineole, whereas camphor was attractive. In contrast, random forest analysis predicted repellents for C. cinerariifolium and A. annua as β-patchoulene and isopropyl hexadecanoate. Our results suggested that terpenoids generally account for the repellency of non-host Asteraceae plants used in PPN management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Mwamba
- Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
- Ministry of Agriculture, Seed Control and Certification Institute, P.O. Box 350199, Chilanga 00100, Zambia
| | - Ruth Kihika-Opanda
- Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Lucy K Murungi
- Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Turoop Losenge
- Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - John J Beck
- Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
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