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Silva Júnior AQ, Rodrigues GDS, Alcântara de Sousa K, Maduro Bouillet LE, Bianchi dos Santos G, de Sousa Barroso A, Veras Mourão RH. Molecular modelling and anticholinesterase activity of the essential oil from three chemotypes of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P. Wilson (Verbenaceae). Heliyon 2024; 10:e29063. [PMID: 38644857 PMCID: PMC11031784 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown (Verbenaceae), popularly known as "erva cidreira", is one of the most used plants in Brazilian folk medicine. The species has several chemotypes and its volatile constituents have already been characterized, and present different chemical markers with known pharmacological properties, such as analgesic, sedative and antifungal properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anticholinesterase activity (AChE) of the essential oil of three chemotypes of Lippia alba and, by using molecular anchoring, determine the best receptor-ligand interaction energies of the main constituents present in the samples of oil. The essential oils were obtained via hydrodistillation (LA1 and LA2) and steam drag (LA3), and their volatile constituents determined using GC-MS. For the determination of anticholinesterase activity, direct bioautography and colorimetry assays based on Ellman's method were used. Molecular docking was performed using a multiple solution genetic algorithm and Merck molecular force field 94 (MMFF94) as the scoring function. In the main constituents of the oil samples, three chemotypes were identified for L. alba: LA1 is rich in citral, LA2 is rich in carvone and LA3 is rich in linalool. All L. alba chemotypes showed AChE enzyme inhibition with an IC50 of 3.57 μg/mL (LA1), 0.1 μg/mL (LA2) and 4.34 μg/mL (LA3). The molecular docking study complemented the results of the experiment and demonstrated significant interactions between the main constituents of the oils and the amino acid residues of the AChE enzyme. Irrespective of the chemotype, Lippia alba presents biotechnological potential for the discovery of anticholinesterase substances, with the chemotype LA2 (rich in carvone) being the most active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Quaresma Silva Júnior
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Karina Alcântara de Sousa
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - Leoneide Erica Maduro Bouillet
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Adenilson de Sousa Barroso
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - Rosa Helena Veras Mourão
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA, Brazil
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Antibacterial, Antiparasitic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Chemical Characterized Essential Oil of Chrysopogon zizanioides Roots. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080967. [PMID: 36015115 PMCID: PMC9415812 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition as well as the antibacterial, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic potentialities of the Brazilian Chrysopogon zizanioides root essential oil (CZ-EO) In addition, CZ-EO cytotoxicity to LLCMK2 adherent epithelial cells was assessed. The major compounds identified in CZ-EO were khusimol (30.0 ± 0.3%), β-eudesmol (10.8 ± 0.3%), α-muurolene (6.0 ± 0.1%), and patchouli alcohol (5.6 ± 0.2%). CZ-EO displayed optimal antibacterial activity against Prevotella nigrescens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella melaninogenica, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values between 22 and 62.5 µg/mL and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values between 22 and 400 µg/mL. CZ-EO was highly active against the L. amazonensis promastigote and amastigote forms (IC50 = 7.20 and 16.21 µg/mL, respectively) and the T. cruzi trypomastigote form (IC50 = 11.2 µg/mL). Moreover, CZ-EO showed moderate cytotoxicity to LLCMK2 cells, with CC50 = 565.4 µg/mL. These results revealed an interesting in vitro selectivity of CZ-EO toward the L. amazonensis promastigote and amastigote forms (Selectivity Index, SI = 78.5 and 34.8, respectively) and the T. cruzi trypomastigote form (SI = 50.5) compared to LLCMK2 cells. These results showed the promising potential of CZ-EO for developing new antimicrobial, antileishmanial, and antitrypanosomal drugs.
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