1
|
Ranaweera KH, Grainger MNC, French A, Sirimuthu N, Mucalo M. Investigation of the Potential of Repurposing Medium-Density Fiberboard Waste as an Adsorbent for Heavy Metal Ion Removal. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3405. [PMID: 39063696 PMCID: PMC11278311 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Medium-density fiberboard (MDF) waste generation has increased steadily over the past decades, and therefore, the investigation of novel methods to recycle this waste is very important. The potential of repurposing MDF waste as an adsorbent for the treatment of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) ions in water was investigated using MDF offcuts. The highest adsorption potential in single-metal ion solution systems was observed for Pb(II) ions. The experimental data of Pb(II) ions fit well with the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Complexation and electrostatic interactions were identified as the adsorption mechanisms. The adsorption behavior of multi-metal ion adsorption systems was investigated by introducing Cd(II) ions as a competitive metal ion. The presence of the Cd(II) ions reduced the adsorption potential of Pb(II) ions, yet the preference for the Pb(II) ions remained. Regeneration studies were performed by using 0.1 M HCl as a regeneration agent for both systems. Even though a significant amount of adsorbed metal ions were recovered, the adsorption potential of the MDF was reduced in the subsequent adsorption cycles. Based on these results, MDF fines have the potential to be used as an economical adsorbent for remediation of wastewater containing heavy metal ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha H. Ranaweera
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; (K.H.R.); (M.N.C.G.)
| | - Megan N. C. Grainger
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; (K.H.R.); (M.N.C.G.)
| | - Amanda French
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA;
| | - Narayana Sirimuthu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka;
| | - Michael Mucalo
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; (K.H.R.); (M.N.C.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mrozińska Z, Kaczmarek A, Świerczyńska M, Juszczak M, Kudzin MH. Biochemical Behavior, Influence on Cell DNA Condition, and Microbiological Properties of Wool and Wool-Copper Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2878. [PMID: 38930247 PMCID: PMC11204859 DOI: 10.3390/ma17122878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The paper presents the study concerning the preparation and physio-chemical and biological properties of wool-copper (WO-Cu) materials obtained by the sputter deposition of copper onto the wool fibers. The WO-Cu material was subjected to physio-chemical and biological investigations. The physio-chemical investigations included the elemental analysis of materials (C, N, O, S, and Cu), their microscopic analysis, and surface properties analysis (specific surface area and total pore volume). The biological investigations consisted of the antimicrobial activity tests of the WO-Cu materials against colonies of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, and fungal mold species (Chaetomium globosum). Biochemical-hematological tests included the evaluation of the activated partial thromboplastin time and pro-thrombin time. The tested wool-copper demonstrated the ability to interact with the DNA in a time-dependent manner. These interactions led to the DNA's breaking and degradation. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the WO-Cu materials suggest a potential application as an antibacterial/antifungal material. Wool-copper materials may be also used as customized materials where the blood coagulation process could be well controlled through the appropriate copper content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zdzisława Mrozińska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Lodz, Poland; (Z.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Anna Kaczmarek
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Lodz, Poland; (Z.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Małgorzata Świerczyńska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Lodz, Poland; (Z.M.); (M.J.)
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Juszczak
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Lodz, Poland; (Z.M.); (M.J.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin H. Kudzin
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Lodz, Poland; (Z.M.); (M.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pereira L, Castillo V, Calero M, Blázquez G, Solís RR, Ángeles Martín-Lara M. Conversion of char from pyrolysis of plastic wastes into alternative activated carbons for heavy metal removal. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118558. [PMID: 38412913 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The valorization of post-consumer mixed plastics in pyrolysis processes represents an abundant reservoir of carbon that can be effectively converted into useful chars. This process not only holds appeal in terms of improving plastic waste concerns but also contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, thus aligning with the principles of a circular economy paradigm. In this study, the char produced from the pyrolysis of post-consumer mixed plastic waste has been activated with Na2CO3, KOH, NaOH, and K2CO3 to improve the textural, structural, and composition characteristics, leading to improved adsorption capability. These characteristics were studied by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, elemental and immediate analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The developed surface area (SBET) was 573, 939, 704 and 592 m2 g-1 for Na2CO3, KOH, NaOH and K2CO3 activated carbons, respectively. These activated chars (ACs) were tested for the adsorption of heavy metals in both synthetic waters containing Pb, Cd, and Cu and industrial wastewater collected at an agrochemical production plant. Na2CO3-AC was the best performing material. The metal uptake in synthetic waters using a batch set-up was 40, 13 and 12 mg g-1 for Pb, Cd and Cu. Experiments in a column set-up using Na2CO3-AC resulted in a saturation time of 290, 16, and 80 min for Pb, Cd, and Cu synthetic waters, respectively, and metal uptakes of 26.8, 4.1, and 7.9 mg g-1, respectively. The agrochemical effluents, containing mainly Cr, Cu, Mn, and Zn were tested in a plug-flow column. The metal uptake notably decreased compared to synthetic water due to a competition effect for active sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ledicia Pereira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Ventura Castillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Mónica Calero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada Spain.
| | - Gabriel Blázquez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada Spain.
| | - Rafael R Solís
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - M Ángeles Martín-Lara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pereira L, Castillo V, Calero M, González-Egido S, Martín-Lara MÁ, Solís RR. Promoting the circular economy: Valorization of a residue from industrial char to activated carbon with potential environmental applications as adsorbents. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120753. [PMID: 38531130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Pyrolysis of residues enriched with carbon, such as in agroforestry or industrial activities, has been postulated as an emerging technology to promote the production of biofuels, contributing to the circular economy and minimizing waste. However, during the pyrolysis processes a solid fraction residue is generated. This work aims to study the viability of these chars to develop porous carbonaceous materials that can be used for environmental applications. Diverse chars discharged by an industrial pyrolysis factory have been activated with KOH. Concretely, the char residues came from the pyrolysis of olive stone, pine, and acacia splinters, spent residues fuel, and cellulose artificial casings. The changes in the textural, structural, and composition characteristics after the activation process were studied by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, elemental analysis, and XPS. A great porosity was developed, SBET within 776-1186 m2 g-1 and pore volume of 0.37-0.59 cm3 g-1 with 70-90% of micropores contribution. The activated chars were used for the adsorption of CO2, leading to CO2 maximum uptakes of 90-130 mg g-1. There was a good correlation between the CO2 uptake with microporosity and oxygenated surface groups of the activated chars. Moreover, their ability to adsorption of contaminants in aqueous solution was also evaluated. Concretely, there was studied the adsorption of aqueous heavy metals, i.e., Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, and organic pollutants of emerging concern such as caffeine, diclofenac, and acetaminophen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ledicia Pereira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ventura Castillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Mónica Calero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio González-Egido
- Environment and Bioproducts Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Martín-Lara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Rafael R Solís
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jeong D, Kim SC, An T, Lee D, Hwang H, Choi SQ, Park J. Synthesis of Aluminum-Based Metal-Organic Framework (MOF)-Derived Carbon Nanomaterials and Their Water Adsorption Isotherm. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2351. [PMID: 37630937 PMCID: PMC10458837 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of water vapor adsorption depend on the structure, porosity, and functional groups of the material. Metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived carbon (MDC) is a novel material that exhibits a high specific area and tunable pore sizes by exploiting the stable structure and porosity of pure MOF materials. Herein, two types of aluminum-based MOFs were used as precursors to synthesize hydrophobic microporous C-MDC and micro-mesoporous A-MDC via carbonization and activation depending on the type of ligands in the precursors. C-MDC and A-MDC have different pore characteristics and exhibit distinct water adsorption properties. C-MDC with hydrophobic properties and micropores exhibited negligible water adsorption (108.54 mgg-1) at relatively low pressures (P/P0~0.3) but showed a rapid increase in water adsorption ability (475.7 mgg-1) at relative pressures of about 0.6. A comparison with the isotherm model indicated that the results were consistent with the theories, which include site filling at low relative pressure and pore filling at high relative pressure. In particular, the Do-Do model specialized for type 5 showed excellent agreement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dasom Jeong
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea; (D.J.); (S.C.K.); (T.A.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Cheon Kim
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea; (D.J.); (S.C.K.); (T.A.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
| | - Taeseop An
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea; (D.J.); (S.C.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Dongho Lee
- Process R&D Center, Hanwha Solutions R&D Institute, Daejeon 34128, Republic of Korea;
| | - Haejin Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
| | - Siyoung Q. Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
- KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeasung Park
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea; (D.J.); (S.C.K.); (T.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dynamics of Diffusion- and Immobilization-Limited Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes by Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Binary or Ternary Solutions. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12101254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic degradation employing metal oxides, such as TiO2 nanoparticles, as catalysts is an important technique for the removal of synthetic dyes from wastewater under light irradiation. The basic principles of photocatalysis of dyes, the effects of the intrinsic photoactivity of a catalyst, and the conventional non-fundamental factors are well established. Recently reported photocatalysis studies of dyes in single, binary, and ternary solute solutions opened up a new perspective on competitive photocatalytic degradation of the dyes. There has not been a review on the photocatalytic behavior of binary or ternary solutions of dyes. In this regard, this current review article summarizes the photocatalytic behavior of methylene, rhodamine B, and methyl orange in their binary or ternary solutions. This brief overview introduces the importance of the dynamics of immobilization and reactivity of the dyes, the vital roles of molecular conformation and functional groups on their diffusion onto the catalyst surface, and photocatalytic degradation, and provides an understanding of the simultaneous photocatalytic processes of multiple dyes in aqueous systems.
Collapse
|
7
|
Jähnichen T, Hojak J, Bläker C, Pasel C, Mauer V, Zittel V, Denecke R, Bathen D, Enke D. Synthesis of Turbostratic Boron Nitride: Effect of Urea Decomposition. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:33375-33384. [PMID: 36157771 PMCID: PMC9494676 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the recent discovery of the template-free synthesis of porous boron nitride, research on the synthesis and application of the material has steadily increased. Nevertheless, the formation mechanism of boron nitride is not yet fully understood. Especially for the complex precursor decomposition of urea-based turbostratic boron nitride (t-BN), a profound understanding is still lacking. Therefore, in this publication, we investigate the influence of different common pre-heating temperatures of 100, 200, 300, and 400 °C on the subsequent properties of t-BN. We show that the structure and porosity of t-BN can be changed by preheating, where a predominantly mesoporous material can be obtained. Within these investigations, the sample BN-300/2 depicts the highest mesopore surface area of 242 m2 g-1 with a low amount of micropores compared to other BNs. By thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, valid details about the formation of intermediates, types of chemical bonds, and the generation of t-BN are delivered. Hence, we conclude that the formation of a mesoporous material arises due to a more complete decomposition of the urea precursor by pre-heating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Jähnichen
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 3, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Jan Hojak
- Chair
of Thermal Process Engineering, University
of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Christian Bläker
- Chair
of Thermal Process Engineering, University
of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Christoph Pasel
- Chair
of Thermal Process Engineering, University
of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Volker Mauer
- Chair
of Thermal Process Engineering, University
of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Valeria Zittel
- Wilhelm-Ostwald
Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 2, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Reinhard Denecke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald
Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 2, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Dieter Bathen
- Chair
of Thermal Process Engineering, University
of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, Duisburg 47057, Germany
- IUTA
e.V., Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology, Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, Duisburg 47229, Germany
| | - Dirk Enke
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 3, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Steinhaus J, Pasel C, Bläker C, Bathen D. Adsorption of Mercury on Chlorine-Modified Activated Carbon: Breakthrough Curves and Temperature-Programmed Desorption. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23833-23841. [PMID: 35847274 PMCID: PMC9280976 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of elemental mercury (Hg0) on activated carbons modified with 0.2, 0.6, and 1 M HCl is systematically examined. Breakthrough curves are measured, and coupled adsorption and desorption experiments with temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) are performed. The experiments show that impregnation with HCl produces surface-bound chlorine, which significantly increases the capacity of activated carbons for mercury. Physisorptive interactions between elemental mercury and the activated carbon surface dominate on the basic materials. In contrast, on HCl-modified activated carbons, chemisorptive interactions of Hg0 with surface-bound chlorine lead to a complex involving carbon, chlorine, and mercury. Using TPD, two mechanisms could be identified that yield reaction products with different energetic values. By continuously recording Hg0 and Hgtotal concentrations, the formation of Hg0 and Hg x Cl2 during desorption of the complexes from the surface could be studied. It is shown that Hg x Cl2 found in TPD is not present as a solid salt in the pores but is formed by thermal degradation of the mercury chlorine complex on the carbon surface. The mass fraction of Hg measured in TPD which is bound in Hg x Cl2 depends on the Hg loading of the activated carbons, with a maximum mass fraction of 27%. We propose that an important step in the chemisorptive reaction with increasing mercury loading is the conversion of a HgCl2 complex into a Hg2Cl2 complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Steinhaus
- Chair
of Thermal Process Engineering, University
of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Pasel
- Chair
of Thermal Process Engineering, University
of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bläker
- Chair
of Thermal Process Engineering, University
of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Bathen
- Chair
of Thermal Process Engineering, University
of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany
- Institute
of Energy and Environmental Technology, IUTA e. V., Bliersheimer
Straße 60, D-47229 Duisburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hsieh CC, Tsai JS, Chang JR. Effects of Moisture on NH 3 Capture Using Activated Carbon and Acidic Porous Polymer Modified by Impregnation with H 3PO 4: Sorbent Material Characterized by Synchrotron XRPD and FT-IR. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030784. [PMID: 35160732 PMCID: PMC8836875 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The performances of reactive adsorbents, H3PO4/C (activated carbon) and H3PO4/A (Amberlyst 35), in removing NH3 from a waste-gas stream were investigated using a breakthrough column. Accelerated aging tests investigated the effects of the water content on the performance of the adsorbents. Results of breakthrough tests show that the adsorption capacity greatly decreased with the drying time of H3PO4/C preparation. Synchrotron XRPD indicated increased amorphous phosphorus species formation with drying time. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms results further suggested that the evaporation of water accommodated in macropores decreases adsorption capacity besides the formation of the amorphous species. Introducing water moisture to the NH3 stream increases the adsorption capacity concomitant with the conversion of some NH4H2PO4 to (NH4)2HPO4. Due to the larger pore of cylindrical type and more hydrophilic for acidic porous polymer support, as opposed to slit-type for the activated carbon, the adsorption capacity of H3PO4/A is about 3.4 times that of H3PO4/C. XRPD results suggested that NH3 reacts with aqueous H3PO4 to form NH4H2PO4, and no significant macropore-water evaporation was observed when acidic porous polymer support was used, as evidenced by N2 isotherms characterizing used H3PO4/A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chin Hsieh
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University Science and Technology, Douliu 640301, Taiwan;
| | - Jyong-Sian Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621301, Taiwan;
| | - Jen-Ray Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621301, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Steinhaus J, Pasel C, Bläker C, Bathen D. Impact of H 2O on the Adsorption of Hg 0 on Activated Carbon. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:16989-17001. [PMID: 34250357 PMCID: PMC8264938 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the influence of water on the adsorption of mercury is systematically investigated on basic and washed activated carbons. Breakthrough curves were measured and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiments were performed with mercury and water. Both physisorptive and chemisorptive interactions are relevant in the adsorption of mercury. The experiments show that the presence of water in the pores promotes chemisorption of mercury on washed activated carbons while there is little influence on chemisorption on basic materials. Washing exposes or forms oxygen functional groups that are chemisorptive sites for mercury. Obviously, effective chemisorption of mercury requires both the presence of water and of oxygen functional groups. As mercury chemisorption is preceded by a physisorptive step, higher physisorptive mercury loading at lower temperature (30 °C) enhances chemisorption though the reaction rate constant is smaller than at higher temperature (100 °C). Sequential adsorption and partial desorption of water at lower temperature changes the surface chemistry without inhibiting mercury physisorption. Here, the highest chemisorption rates were found. The number of desorption peaks in the TPD experiments corresponds to the number of adsorption and desorption mechanisms with different oxygen functional groups in the presence of water. The results of the TPD experiments were simulated using a transport model extended by an approach for chemisorption. The simulation results provide reaction parameters (activation energy, frequency factor, and reaction order) of each mechanism. As in many heterogeneously catalyzed reactions, the activation energy and the frequency factor are independent of mercury loading and increase with increasing temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Steinhaus
- Chair
of Thermal Process Engineering, University
of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Pasel
- Chair
of Thermal Process Engineering, University
of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bläker
- Chair
of Thermal Process Engineering, University
of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Bathen
- Chair
of Thermal Process Engineering, University
of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany
- Institute
of Energy and Environmental Technology, IUTA e. V., Bliersheimer Straße 60, D-47229 Duisburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu S, Fu X, Xu Y, Lun Z, Zhao C, Wang H, Zhang D. Influence of Water on Nitrous Oxide Adsorption and Desorption on Coals. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c06264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Liu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Xuexiang Fu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Yi Xu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Zengmin Lun
- State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Chunpeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Haitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Dengfeng Zhang
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A multi-stage activated carbon impregnation system: Isotherms, kinetics and multi-objective modeling optimization. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|