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Mulvey RE, Robertson SD. Synthetically important alkali-metal utility amides: lithium, sodium, and potassium hexamethyldisilazides, diisopropylamides, and tetramethylpiperidides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11470-87. [PMID: 24133015 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Most synthetic chemists will have at some point utilized a sterically demanding secondary amide (R2 N(-) ). The three most important examples, lithium 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS), lithium diisopropylamide (LiDA), and lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide (LiTMP)-the "utility amides"-have long been indispensible particularly for lithiation (Li-H exchange) reactions. Like organolithium compounds, they exhibit aggregation phenomena and strong Lewis acidity, and thus appear in distinct forms depending on the solvents employed. The structural chemistry of these compounds as well as their sodium and potassium congeners are described in the absence or in the presence of the most synthetically significant donor solvents tetrahydrofuran (THF) and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) or closely related solvents. Examples of hetero-alkali-metal amides, an increasingly important composition because of the recent escalation of interest in mixed-metal synergic effects, are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL (UK).
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Mulvey RE, Robertson SD. Nützliche Alkalimetallamide für die Synthese: Lithium-, Natrium- und Kaliumhexamethyldisilazide, -diisopropylamide und -tetramethylpiperidide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mongin F, Harrison-Marchand A. Mixed AggregAte (MAA): A Single Concept for All Dipolar Organometallic Aggregates. 2. Syntheses and Reactivities of Homo/HeteroMAAs. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7563-727. [DOI: 10.1021/cr3002966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Mongin
- Equipe Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Bât. 10A, Case 1003, Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Laboratoire COBRA de l′Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cédex, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Saavedra
- a NCI-Frederick Cancer Research Facility , BRI-Basic Research Program , Frederick, MD, 21701
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Seebach
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule ETH‐Zentrum, Universitätstr. 16, CH‐8092 Zürich (Schweiz)
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Seebach
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule, ETH‐Zentrum Universitätstrasse 16, CH‐8092 Zürich (Switzerland)
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Shono T, Matsumura Y, Onomura O, Kanazawa T, Habuka M. ACETOXYLATION OF PIPERIDINE DERIVATIVES AT THE 3-POSITION. STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF PSEUDOCONHYDRINE ANDN-METHYLPSEUDOCONHYDRINE. CHEM LETT 1984. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1984.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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