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Abstract
Intermolecular attractive forces that are considerably weaker than hydrogen bonding and coordination complexation may be used in the design of new molecules that function as host molecules in the solid-state. Known literature examples of accidentally discovered hosts (clathrands), which do not involve strong interactions in their crystals, are identified and discussed. Their molecular symmetry and supramolecular interactions are analysed in order to identify structural features that facilitate and promote molecular inclusion. The solid-state properties of a family of designed compounds that embody these principles are then described. Prediction of their inclusion behaviour was 95 % successful and a wide variety of crystal packing arrangements were encountered. This is an inevitable consequence of competition between many different molecular interactions of comparable energy during the crystallisation process. The lowest energy combination of these host–host and host–guest associations generates the observed outcome. One consequence of this behaviour is that detailed prediction of a new clathrate crystal packing arrangement is extremely difficult. However, a second consequence is that crystal structure analysis provides a rich source of information about weak intermolecular forces and new supramolecular synthons that previously had remained hidden.
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Alcarazo M. On the metallic nature of carbon in allenes and heterocumulenes. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:1839-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01555e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Inés B, Holle S, Goddard R, Alcarazo M. Heterolytic SS Bond Cleavage by a Purely Carbogenic Frustrated Lewis Pair. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:8389-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201004149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Inés B, Holle S, Goddard R, Alcarazo M. Heterolytic SS Bond Cleavage by a Purely Carbogenic Frustrated Lewis Pair. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201004149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Omran Z, Specht A. Short-length dimethoxynitrophenyl photo-cleavable crosslinkers, synthesis and photolysis. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Schneider N, Bellemin-Laponnaz S, Wadepohl H, Gade LH. A New Class of Modular Oxazoline-NHC Ligands and Their Coordination Chemistry with Platinum Metals. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Weber E, Hens T, Li Q, Mak TCW. Crystalline Hosts Based on the Assembly of Anthracene and Bulky Alcoholic Groups – Host Synthesis, Complex Formation, and X-ray Crystal Structures of Several Inclusion Compounds. European J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199905)1999:5<1115::aid-ejoc1115>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kolotuchin SV, Fenlon EE, Wilson SR, Loweth CJ, Zimmerman SC. Selbstorganisation von 1,3,5-Benzoltricarbonsäure (Trimesinsäure) und einigen Analoga im Festkörper. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19951072313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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V�gtle F, Weber E. Consequences of the ?Pedersen papers? on crown type chemistry at W�rzburg and Bonn Universities: From heteroaromatic crowns and podands to large molecular and crystalline cavities including multisite receptors, cascade molecules, chromoionophores, siderophores, surfactant-type, and extreme ligands. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01053856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Johnson L, Nassimbeni L, Weber E, Skobridis K. Complexation with diol host compounds. Part 11. Structures and thermal analyses of the inclusion compounds of 4,4′-bis(diphenylhydroxymethyl)biphenyl, C38H30O2, with acetone, acetophenone, 1,4-dioxane and p-xylene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1039/p29920002131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Clathrates of allene dimers. X-ray crystal structures of two inclusion compounds withp-xylene and phenyloxirane. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01066210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Weber E, Seichter W, Wang RJ, Mak TCW. Cumulene Hosts: Synthesis and Inclusion Property of Tetraaryl-Substituted Butatrienes. X-Ray Crystal Structures of an Unsolvated Host and Its 1 : 2 Inclusion Compounds witho- andp-Xylene. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1991. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.64.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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