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Pracht T, Weber K, Fritz H, And LK, Prinzbach H. “Truncated” Pagodanes - Synthesis of Functionalized [1.1.1.1] and [1.1.1.0] Pagodanes. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Density functional theory investigation of electrophilic addition reaction of bromine to tricyclo[4.2.2.2(2,5)]dodeca-1,5-diene. J Mol Model 2008; 15:397-403. [PMID: 19066999 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-008-0388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The geometry and the electronic structure of tricyclo[4.2.2.2(2,5)]dodeca-1,5-diene (TCDD) molecule were investigated by DFT/B3LYP and /B3PW91 methods using the 6-311G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets. The double bonds of TCDD molecule are syn-pyramidalized. The structure of pi-orbitals and their mutual interactions for TCDD molecule were investigated. Potential energy surface (PES) of the TCDD-Br(2) system was studied by B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method and the configurations [molecular charge-transfer (CT) complex, transition states (TS1 and TS2), intermediate (INT) and product (P)] corresponding to the stationary points (minima or saddle points) were determined. Initially, a molecular CT-complex forms between Br(2) and TCDD. With a barrier of 22.336 kcal mol(-1) the CT-complex can be activated to an intermediate (INT) with energy 15.154 kcal mol(-1) higher than that of the CT-complex. The intermediate (INT) then transforms easily (barrier 5.442 kcal mol(-1)) into the final, N-type product. The total bromination is slightly exothermic. Accompanying the breaking of Br-Br bond, C1-Br, C5-Br and C2-C6 bonds are formed, and C1 = C2 and C5 = C6 double bonds transform into single bonds. The direction of the reaction is determined by the direction of intramolecular skeletal rearrangement that is realized by the formation of C2-C6 bond.
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Abbasoglu R. Ab initio and DFT study of the inner mechanism and dynamic stereochemistry of electrophilic addition reaction of bromine to bisbenzotetracyclo[6.2.2.2(3,6).0 (2,7)]tetradeca-4,9,11,13-tetraene. J Mol Model 2007; 13:1215-20. [PMID: 17874151 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-007-0236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The inner mechanism and dynamic stereochemistry of electrophilic addition of bromine to bisbenzotetracyclo[6.2.2.2(3,6).0(2,7)]tetradeca-4,9,11,13-tetraene(BBTT) molecule have been investigated by the methods of quantum chemistry. The structure of the BBTT molecule has been studied by ab initio and DFT/B3LYP methods using the 6-31G(d) and 6-311G(d) basis sets. The double bonds of BBTT molecule are endo-pyramidalized. The structure and stability of the cationic intermediates and products of the addition reaction have been investigated by HF/6-311G(d), HF/6-311G(d,p), B3LYP/6-311G(d) and B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,p)//B3LYP/6-311G(d) methods. The bridged bromonium cation isomerized into the more stable nonclassical delocalized N- and U-type cations and the difference between the stability of these cations is small. For the determination of the direction of addition reaction and the stereochemistry of the products, the stability of nonclassical delocalized N- and U-type ions and the structure of their cationic centres play a vital role. Since the cationic centre of the N-type ion is in interaction with the benzene ring from the exo face, the nucleofilic attackof the bromide anion to this centre occurs from the endo face and the exo,endo-isomer of the N-type product is obtained. The attack of bromide anion, towards the cationic centre of U-type ion from the endo face is sterically hindered by the hydrogen atom therefore the attack occurs from the exo face, which interacts with the benzene ring and the more stable exo,exo-isomer of U-type product is formed. Although, the U-type cation was 2.232 kcal mol(-1) more stable than the N-type cation, the U-type product was 0.587 kcal mol(-1) less stable than the N-type product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rza Abbasoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
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Abbasoglu R. Ab initio and DFT investigation of electrophilic addition reaction of bromine to endo,endo-tetracyclo[4.2.1.1(3,6).0 (2,7)]dodeca-4,9-diene. J Mol Model 2006; 13:425-30. [PMID: 17131135 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-006-0161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2006] [Accepted: 09/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Full geometric optimization of endo,endo-tetracyclo[4.2.1.1(3,6).0(2,7)]dodeca-4,9-diene (TTDD) has been carried out by ab initio and DFT/B3LYP methods and the structure of the molecule investigated. The double bonds of TTDD molecule are endo pyramidalized. The structure of pi-orbitals and their mutual interactions for TTDD molecule were investigated. The cationic intermediates and products obtained as a result of the addition reaction have been studied using the HF/6-311G(d), HF/6-311G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311G(d) methods. The bridged bromonium cation isomerized into the more stable N- and U-type cations and the difference between the stability of these cations is small. The N- and U-type reaction products are obtained as a result of the reaction, which takes place via the cations in question. The stability of exo, exo and exo, endo isomers of N-type product are nearly the same and the formation of both isomers is feasible. The U-type product basically formed from the exo, exo-isomer. Although the U-type cation was 0.68 kcal mol(-1) more stable than the N-type cation, the U-type product was 4.79 kcal mol(-1) less stable than the N-type product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rza Abbasoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
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Sackers E, Osswald T, Weber K, Keller M, Hunkler D, Wörth J, Knothe L, Prinzbach H. Bromination of Unsaturated Dodecahedranes—En Route to C20 Fullerene. Chemistry 2006; 12:6242-54. [PMID: 16927320 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
As part of a study to achieve selective oligo(poly)bromination-ultimately perbromination-of the dodecahedral C(20) skeleton, the extent and direction of the ionic bromination of dodecahedrene and 1,16-dodecahedradiene were explored. Along sequences of Br(+) additions/deprotonations and allylic rearrangements, up to ten hydrogen atoms were substituted (traces of C(20)H(x)Br(10)). Tetrabromododecahedrenes obtained under defined conditions in up to 50 % total yield with three and four allylic bromine substituents protecting the extremely bent C==C bonds, proved highly unreactive even towards oxygen but reacted rapidly with CH(2)N(2). Upon electron impact ionization (MS) of the newly secured oligo(poly)bromododecahedra(e)nes, sequential loss of the substituents ended generally in polyunsaturated dodecahedranes (in the extreme C(20)H(4), "tetrahydro-C(20) fullerenes"). Only subsequently did skeletal fragmentations occur. From X-ray crystal-structure analyses, more information was obtained on the structural response of the dodecahedral skeleton to the strain induced by the voluminous substituents. As Appendix, the forcing radical bromination of 1,6-dibromododecahedrane and exploratory cis-beta-HBr/cis-beta-Br(2) eliminations in bromododecahedranes with [Fe(2)(CO)(9)], P(2)F/[FeCp(2)] and [Fe(tmeda)Cp*Cl] (in situ protection) are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmerich Sackers
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Abbasoglu R. Ab initio and DFT study on the electrophilic addition reaction of bromine to tetracyclo[5.3.0.02,6.03,10]deca–4,8–diene. J Mol Model 2006; 12:991-5. [PMID: 16680412 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-006-0113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 02/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electronic and geometric structures of tetracyclo[5.3.0.0(2,6).0(3,10)]deca-4,8-diene (hypostrophene) have been investigated by ab initio and DFT/B3LYP methods using the 6-31G* and 6-311G* basis sets. The double bonds of hypostrophene are endo-pyramidalized. The cationic intermediates and products formed in the addition reaction have been investigated using the HF/6-311G*, HF/6-311G**, and B3LYP/6-311G* methods. The bridged bromonium cation was more stable than the U-type cation. Considering that the bridged cation does not isomerize to the less stable U-type cation, it is not possible for the U-type product to be obtained in the reaction. The bridged bromonium cation transformed into the more stable N-type cation and the N-type product was obtained via this cation. The thermodynamic stability of the exo, exo and exo, endo isomers of the N-type dibromide molecule were almost identical. The N-type product was 16.6 kcal mol(-1) more stable than the U-type product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rza Abbasoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
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Schwesinger R, Schlemper H, Hasenfratz C, Willaredt J, Dambacher T, Breuer T, Ottaway C, Fletschinger M, Boele J, Fritz H, Putzas D, Rotter HW, Bordwell FG, Satish AV, Ji GZ, Peters EM, Peters K, von Schnering HG, Walz L. Extremely Strong, Uncharged Auxiliary Bases; Monomeric and Polymer-Supported Polyaminophosphazenes (P2-P5). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199619960705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bertau M, Leonhardt J, Weiler A, Weber K, Prinzbach H. The Pagodane → Dodecahedrane Concept-Shorter Routes, Higher Yields. Chemistry 2006; 2:570-579. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19960020517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/1995] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Camps P, Pujol X, Vázquez S, Pericàs MA, Puigjaner C, Solà L. Cross-coupling of a functionalized highly pyramidalized alkene: DSC and NMR study of the [2+2] retrocycloaddition of cyclobutane cross products, hyperstability and pyramidalization of the formed dienes. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Prinzbach H, Reinbold J, Bertau M, Voss T, Martin HD, Mayer B, Heinze J, Neschchadin D, Gescheidt G, Prakash GKS, Olah GA. σ-Bishomokonjugation (σ-Bishomoaromatizität) in 4C/3(2)e-Kationen - Voraussetzungen und Grenzen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010302)113:5<930::aid-ange930>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Prinzbach H, Reinbold J, Bertau M, Voss T, Martin HD, Mayer B, Heinze J, Neschchadin D, Gescheidt G, Prakash GKS, Olah GA. σ-Bishomoconjugation (σ-Bishomoaromaticity) in 4C/3(2)e Cations—Scope and Limitations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:911-914. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010302)40:5<911::aid-anie911>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2000] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wollenweber M, Etzkorn M, Reinbold J, Wahl F, Voss T, Melder JP, Grund C, Pinkos R, Hunkler D, Keller M, Wörth J, Knothe L, Prinzbach H. [2.2.2.2]/[2.1.1.1]Pagodanes and [1.1.1.1]/[2.2.1.1]/[2.2.2.2]Isopagodanes: Syntheses, Structures, Reactivities − Benzo/Ene- and Benzo/Benzo-Photocycloadditions. European J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200012)2000:23<3855::aid-ejoc3855>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Non-pentagonal unsaturated dodecahedranes-in-plane delocalized 4C/3e radical cations and σ-bishomoaromatic 4C/2e dications. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)00721-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Semibullvalenes—Homoaromatic bovines? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1046-5766(98)80016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Pinkos R, Weiler A, Voss T, Weber K, Wahl F, Melder JP, Fritz H, Hunkler D, Prinzbach H. From Pagodanes to Homologous, Non-Pentagonal Dodecahedranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199719971010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Camps P, Pérez F, Vázquez S. Pentacyclo[8.2.1.12,5.14,7.18,11]hexadeca-1,7-diene and its 4,5,10,11-tetramethyl derivative, two highly hyperstable slightly pyramidalized dienes. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sharma V, Keller M, Weiler A, Hunkler D, Prinzbach H. Von Pagodanen zu nichtpentagonalen (Homo)Dodecahedranen – der Undecacyclo[10. 10.10.0.02, 20.03, 10.04, 19.05, 9.− 06, 18.07, 15.08, 13.019, 22.016, 21]docosan-Käfig. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19961082338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kammermeier S, Neumann H, Hampel F, Herges R. Diels-Alder Reactions of Tetradehydrodianthracene with Electron-Rich Dienes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199619961113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Melder JP, Weber K, Weiler A, Sackers E, Fritz H, Hunkler D, Prinzbach H. Unsaturated dodecahedranes—Synthesis of the highly pyramidalized, highly reactive C20H18 and C20H16 olefins. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 1996. [DOI: 10.1163/156856796x00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Martin HD, Mayer B, Weber K, Wahl F, Prinzbach H. PE-spectroscopic investigation of nonconjugated π,π interactions in (seco)dodecahedradienes — on the route to an experimental ethylene/ethylene cycloaddition reaction coordinate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.1995199511283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Schwesinger R, Willaredt J, Schlemper H, Keller M, Schmitt D, Fritz H. Novel, Very Strong, Uncharged Auxiliary Bases; Design and Synthesis of Monomeric and Polymer-Bound Triaminoiminophosphorane Bases of Broadly Varied Steric Demand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19941271215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Prinzbach H, Weber K. Vom Insektizid zu Platons Universum – die Pagodan-Route zu Dodecahedranen: neue Wege und neue Ziele. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19941062204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Voss T, Prinzbach H. Skeletal expansion of (homo) dodecahedranes novel heteropolycyclic cage structures. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)76751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Weber K, Prinzbach H, Schmidlin R, Gerson F, Gescheidt G. Elektronendelokalisierung durch den Dodecahedran-Käfig – ein D2h-symmetrisches 4c-3e-Radikalkation in einer strukturellen Grenzsituation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19931050618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Lutz G, Pinkos R, Murty BARC, Spurr PR, Fessner WD, Wörth J, Fritz H, Knothe L, Prinzbach H. The Pagodane Route to Dodecahedranes Scope and Limitation of the Dehydrocyclization Stratagem. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19921250729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Fessner WD, Murty BARC, Spurr PR, Pinkos R, Melder JP, Fritz H, Prinzbach H. The Pagodane Route to Dodecahedranes Directed Conversions – The Pagodane → Bissecododecahedradiene Stage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19921250727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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