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Page MJ, Pretorius E. A Champion of Host Defense: A Generic Large-Scale Cause for Platelet Dysfunction and Depletion in Infection. Semin Thromb Hemost 2020; 46:302-319. [PMID: 32279287 PMCID: PMC7339151 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1708827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is commonly associated with sepsis and infections, which in turn are characterized by a profound immune reaction to the invading pathogen. Platelets are one of the cellular entities that exert considerable immune, antibacterial, and antiviral actions, and are therefore active participants in the host response. Platelets are sensitive to surrounding inflammatory stimuli and contribute to the immune response by multiple mechanisms, including endowing the endothelium with a proinflammatory phenotype, enhancing and amplifying leukocyte recruitment and inflammation, promoting the effector functions of immune cells, and ensuring an optimal adaptive immune response. During infection, pathogens and their products influence the platelet response and can even be toxic. However, platelets are able to sense and engage bacteria and viruses to assist in their removal and destruction. Platelets greatly contribute to host defense by multiple mechanisms, including forming immune complexes and aggregates, shedding their granular content, and internalizing pathogens and subsequently being marked for removal. These processes, and the nature of platelet function in general, cause the platelet to be irreversibly consumed in the execution of its duty. An exaggerated systemic inflammatory response to infection can drive platelet dysfunction, where platelets are inappropriately activated and face immunological destruction. While thrombocytopenia may arise by condition-specific mechanisms that cause an imbalance between platelet production and removal, this review evaluates a generic large-scale mechanism for platelet depletion as a repercussion of its involvement at the nexus of responses to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Page
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Zhou SH, Liang XH, Shao LN, Yu WJ, Zhao C, Liu M. Association of human platelet antigens polymorphisms with susceptibility to hepatitis C virus infection in Chinese population. Int J Immunogenet 2017; 44:337-342. [PMID: 28929626 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis. Previous studies have identified a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms that are associated with HCV infection. Human platelet antigens (HPAs) polymorphisms play an important role in several diseases. Here, we demonstrated the association of the HPA-2, HPA-3, HPA-5 and HPA-15 polymorphisms with susceptibility to HCV infection in Chinese population. Overall, 118 patients with HCV and 167 controls were genotyped for HPAs. There were no significant differences in the allele and genotype frequency distribution for the HPA-3, HPA-5 and HPA-15 systems between the patients with chronic HCV infection and the healthy controls (p > .05). However, the genotype frequency of HPA-2aa was significantly lower, while HPA-2ab/bb was significantly higher in patients than that in the controls (p = .006). The allele frequency of HPA-2a in patients was significantly lower than that in the control group (p = .005). In contrast, HPA-2b in patients was significantly higher than that in the control group (p = .005). We conclude that HPA-2 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to HCV infection, and individuals carrying the HPA-2b allele may have a higher risk of HCV infection compared with individuals carrying HPA-2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Zhou
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - X-H Liang
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - L-N Shao
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - W-J Yu
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - C Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anshan Municipal Central Hospital, Anshan, China
| | - M Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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3
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Abstract
Virus–platelet interplay is complex. Diverse virus types have been shown to associate with numerous distinct platelet receptors. This association can benefit the virus or the host, and thus the platelet is somewhat of a renegade. Evidence is accumulating to suggest that viruses are capable of entering platelets. For at least one type of RNA virus (dengue virus), the platelet has the necessary post-translational and packaging machinery required for production of replicative viral progeny. As a facilitator of immunity, the platelet also participates in eradicating the virus by direct and indirect mechanisms involving presentation of the pathogen to the innate and adaptive immune systems, thus enhancing inflammation by release of cytokines and other agonists. Virus-induced thrombocytopenia is caused by tangential imbalance of thrombopoeisis, autoimmunity, and loss of platelet function and integrity.
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Grotto RMT, Cantão NM, Padovani JL, Souza LDRD, Silva GF, Ferrasi AC, Pardini MIDMC. Human platelets antigens influence the viral load of platelets after the interaction of the platelets with HCV and HIV in vitro. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2016; 49:491-3. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0105-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Grotto RMT, Picelli N, de Souza LDR, Silva GF, Ferrasi AC, Silveira LVDA, Pardini MIDMC. Human Platelet Polymorphism can be a genetic marker associated with HIV/HCV coinfection. J Med Virol 2015; 87:1677-81. [PMID: 25976501 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the associations of HPA polymorphisms -1, -3, and -5 with HIV/HCV coinfection were included in this study 60 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients from the Sao Paulo State health service centers. Data reported by Verdichio-Moraes et al. (2009: J. Med Virol 81:757-759) were used as the non-infected and HCV monoinfected groups. Human Platelet Polymorphism genotyping was performed in 60 Patients co-infected with HIV/HCV by PCR-SSP or PCR-RFLP. HIV subtyping and HCV genotyping was performed by RT-PCR followed sequencing. The data analyses were performed using the χ2 test or Fisher's Exact Test and the logistic regression model. Patients coinfected with HIV/HCV presented HCV either genotype 1 (78.3%) or non-1 (21.7%) and HIV either subtype B (85.0%) or non-B (15%). The Human Platelet Polymorphism-1a/1b genotype was more frequent (P < 0.05) in HIV/HCV coinfection than in HCV monoinfection and the allelic frequency of Human Platelet Polymorphism-5b in the Patients coinfected with HIV/HCV was higher (P < 0.05) than in HCV monoinfected cases and non-infected individuals. These data suggest that the presence of specific HPA allele on platelets could favor the existence of coinfection. On the other hand, Human Platelet Polymorphism-5a/5b was more frequent (P < 0.05) in HIV/HCV coinfected and HCV monoinfected groups than in the non-infected individuals, suggesting that this platelet genotype is related to HCV infection, regardless of HIV presence. Results suggest that the Human Platelet Polymorphism profile in HIV/HCV coinfected individuals differs from the one of both HCV monoinfected and non-infected population. So, the Human Platelet Polymorphism can be a genetic marker associated with HIV/HCV coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejane Maria Tommasini Grotto
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Blood Transfusion Center, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Lageado Experiment Station. Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Picelli
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Blood Transfusion Center, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lenice do Rosário de Souza
- Tropical Diseases Department, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Faria Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Camargo Ferrasi
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Blood Transfusion Center, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Inês de Moura Campos Pardini
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Blood Transfusion Center, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Stokol T, Yeo WM, Burnett D, DeAngelis N, Huang T, Osterrieder N, Catalfamo J. Equid herpesvirus type 1 activates platelets. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122640. [PMID: 25905776 PMCID: PMC4407896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Equid herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) causes outbreaks of abortion and neurological disease in horses. One of the main causes of these clinical syndromes is thrombosis in placental and spinal cord vessels, however the mechanism for thrombus formation is unknown. Platelets form part of the thrombus and amplify and propagate thrombin generation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that EHV-1 activates platelets. We found that two EHV-1 strains, RacL11 and Ab4 at 0.5 or higher plaque forming unit/cell, activate platelets within 10 minutes, causing α-granule secretion (surface P-selectin expression) and platelet microvesiculation (increased small events double positive for CD41 and Annexin V). Microvesiculation was more pronounced with the RacL11 strain. Virus-induced P-selectin expression required plasma and 1.0 mM exogenous calcium. P-selectin expression was abolished and microvesiculation was significantly reduced in factor VII- or X-deficient human plasma. Both P-selectin expression and microvesiculation were re-established in factor VII-deficient human plasma with added purified human factor VIIa (1 nM). A glycoprotein C-deficient mutant of the Ab4 strain activated platelets as effectively as non-mutated Ab4. P-selectin expression was abolished and microvesiculation was significantly reduced by preincubation of virus with a goat polyclonal anti-rabbit tissue factor antibody. Infectious virus could be retrieved from washed EHV-1-exposed platelets, suggesting a direct platelet-virus interaction. Our results indicate that EHV-1 activates equine platelets and that α-granule secretion is a consequence of virus-associated tissue factor triggering factor X activation and thrombin generation. Microvesiculation was only partly tissue factor and thrombin-dependent, suggesting the virus causes microvesiculation through other mechanisms, potentially through direct binding. These findings suggest that EHV-1-induced platelet activation could contribute to the thrombosis that occurs in clinically infected horses and provides a new mechanism by which viruses activate hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Stokol
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Wee Ming Yeo
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Deborah Burnett
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicole DeAngelis
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Teng Huang
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - James Catalfamo
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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7
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Padovani JL, Corvino SM, Drexler JF, Silva GF, Pardini MIDMC, Grotto RMT. In vitro detection of hepatitis C virus in platelets from uninfected individuals exposed to the virus. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2013; 46:154-5. [PMID: 23559343 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-1627-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite hepatocytes being the target cells of hepatitis C virus (HCV), viral ribonucleic acid RNA has been detected in other cells, including platelets, which have been described as carriers of the virus in the circulation of infected patients. Platelets do not express cluster differentiation 81 CD81, the main receptor for the virus in hepatocytes, although this receptor protein has been found in megakaryocytes. Still, it is not clear if HCV interacts with platelets directly or if this interaction is a consequence of its association with megakaryocytes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction of HCV with platelets from non-infected individuals, after in vitro exposure to the virus. METHODS Platelets obtained from 50 blood donors not infected by HCV were incubated in vitro at 37°C for 48h with serum containing 100,000IU∕mL of genotype 1 HCV. After incubation, RNA extracted from the platelets was assayed for the presence of HCV by reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR. RESULTS After incubation in the presence of virus, all samples of platelets showed HCV RNA. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that, in vitro, the virus interacts with platelets despite the absence of the receptor CD81, suggesting that other molecules could be involved in this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Lara Padovani
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Hemocentro de Botucatu, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista -UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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9
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Chancey C, Winkelman V, Foley JB, Silberstein E, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Taylor DR, Rios M. Distribution of hepatitis C virus in circulating blood components from blood donors. Vox Sang 2012; 103:99-106. [PMID: 22404907 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2012.01598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Current nucleic acid tests (NAT) for blood donor screening use plasma as the test sample and, consequently, cannot detect virions bound to blood cells of infected donors. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and infectious virions have been detected in association with the cellular components of blood of patients with active liver disease; however, studies comparing HCV viral loads in whole blood and plasma have generated contradictory results. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of HCV in different compartments of the peripheral blood from HCV-infected blood donors, which may differ from that observed in patients with HCV-associated liver disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatitis C virus-positive donor specimens were identified by NAT and antibody testing. HCV RNA was extracted from samples of whole blood and their corresponding components (RBC and plasma). Viral RNA was quantified by real-time qRT-PCR. RESULTS Hepatitis C virus was present in all blood components from infected donors from which RNA could be amplified. For the majority of samples, plasma (34/46) had the highest detectable concentration of HCV RNA, and RBC (37/46) had the lowest. Specimens with negative NAT and positive antibody assays also produced qRT-PCR negative results. CONCLUSION These results indicate that including the RBC fraction in the tested sample will not increase assay sensitivity. Although 10% of the specimens had a higher viral load in whole blood, there was no significant overall increase in sensitivity to justify changes in the specimen format. Thus, plasma specimens are well suited for blood donor screening for HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chancey
- DETTD/OBRR/CBER/FDA, Bethesda, MD, USA
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10
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Silva GF, Grotto RMT, Verdichio-Moraes CF, Corvino SM, Ferrasi AC, Silveira LVDA, Pardini MIDMC. Human platelet antigen genotype is associated with progression of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. J Med Virol 2012; 84:56-60. [PMID: 22095535 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although progression of fibrosis in the chronic hepatitis C depends on environmental, viral, and host factors, genetic polymorphisms have been associated recently with this progression, including the expression of integrins, adhesion proteins. Some integrins expressed on the platelet membrane show polymorphic antigenic determinants called human platelet antigens (HPA), where the major ones are HPA-1, -3, -5. The association between HCV infection and HPA-5b has been demonstrated. Similarly, the HPA profile could determine if HPA is related to progression of fibrosis. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between the frequencies of HPA-1, -3, and -5 and degree of fibrosis in HCV-infected patients. Genomic DNA from 143 HCV-infected patients was used as the source for HPA genotyping by PCR-SSP or PCR-RFLP. Progression of fibrosis was evaluated using the METAVIR scoring system, and the patients were grouped according to degree of fibrosis into G1 (n = 81, with F1, portal fibrosis without septa or F2, few septa) and G2 (n = 62, with F3, numerous septa, or F4, cirrhosis). Statistical analysis was performed using the proportional odds model. The genotypic frequency of HPA-1a/1b was significantly higher in the patients in G2. To evaluate the influence of the time of infection to the development of fibrosis and its effect on the genetic factor HPA-1, 96 patients from 143 studied were evaluated considering the time of HCV infection, and these results suggest that the HPA-1a/1b genotype promotes the development of fibrosis in HCV infection with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Faria Silva
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil
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Vieira-de-Abreu A, Campbell RA, Weyrich AS, Zimmerman GA. Platelets: versatile effector cells in hemostasis, inflammation, and the immune continuum. Semin Immunopathol 2011; 34:5-30. [PMID: 21818701 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-011-0286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are chief effector cells in hemostasis. In addition, however, their specializations include activities and intercellular interactions that make them key effectors in inflammation and in the continuum of innate and adaptive immunity. This review focuses on the immune features of human platelets and platelets from experimental animals and on interactions between inflammatory, immune, and hemostatic activities of these anucleate but complex and versatile cells. The experimental findings and evidence for physiologic immune functions include previously unrecognized biologic characteristics of platelets and are paralleled by new evidence for unique roles of platelets in inflammatory, immune, and thrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Vieira-de-Abreu
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Verdichio-Moraes CF, Toralles-Pereira C, Grotto RMT, Silva GF, Pardini MIDMC. Allelic frequencies of HPA-1 to 5 human platelet antigens in patients infected with hepatitis C virus. J Med Virol 2009; 81:757-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Boisbrun M, Vanderesse R, Engrand P, Olié A, Hupont S, Regnouf-de-Vains JB, Frochot C. Design and photophysical properties of new RGD targeted tetraphenylchlorins and porphyrins. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.01.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chaipan C, Soilleux EJ, Simpson P, Hofmann H, Gramberg T, Marzi A, Geier M, Stewart EA, Eisemann J, Steinkasserer A, Suzuki-Inoue K, Fuller GL, Pearce AC, Watson SP, Hoxie JA, Baribaud F, Pöhlmann S. DC-SIGN and CLEC-2 mediate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capture by platelets. J Virol 2006; 80:8951-60. [PMID: 16940507 PMCID: PMC1563896 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00136-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets can engulf human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and a significant amount of HIV-1 in the blood of infected individuals is associated with these cells. However, it is unclear how platelets capture HIV-1 and whether platelet-associated virus remains infectious. DC-SIGN and other lectins contribute to capture of HIV-1 by dendritic cells (DCs) and facilitate HIV-1 spread in DC/T-cell cocultures. Here, we show that platelets express both the C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) and low levels of DC-SIGN. CLEC-2 bound to HIV-1, irrespective of the presence of the viral envelope protein, and facilitated HIV-1 capture by platelets. However, a substantial fraction of the HIV-1 binding activity of platelets was dependent on DC-SIGN. A combination of DC-SIGN and CLEC-2 inhibitors strongly reduced HIV-1 association with platelets, indicating that these lectins are required for efficient HIV-1 binding to platelets. Captured HIV-1 was maintained in an infectious state over several days, suggesting that HIV-1 can escape degradation by platelets and might use these cells to promote its spread. Our results identify CLEC-2 as a novel HIV-1 attachment factor and provide evidence that platelets capture and transfer infectious HIV-1 via DC-SIGN and CLEC-2, thereby possibly facilitating HIV-1 dissemination in infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawaree Chaipan
- Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstrasse 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Panzer S, Seel E, Brunner M, Körmöczi GF, Schmid M, Ferenci P, Peck-Radosavljevic M. Platelet autoantibodies are common in hepatitis C infection, irrespective of the presence of thrombocytopenia. Eur J Haematol 2006; 77:513-7. [PMID: 17042765 DOI: 10.1111/j.0902-4441.2006.t01-1-ejh2888.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the generation of platelet antibodies in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected individuals and their relation to the development to thrombocytopenia with the aim of using their detection as a diagnostic aid of immune thrombocytopenia in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested by the monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of platelet antigen assay (MAIPA) for the presence of platelet antibodies against specific glycoprotein (GP) targets (GPIIb/IIIa, GPIb/IX, GPIa/IIa, GPIIIb, GPV, and FcRgammaIIa) in 48 HCV-infected individuals of various stages of disease and compared the results with those from 35 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. RESULTS Thirty-two HCV-infected individuals (66%) had detectable platelet antibodies. The most common target was GPIIb/IIIa, but all other GP were also targets. Results were not different from patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. There was no correlation between antibodies and platelet counts, or the stage of disease, or the viral genotype, or a discernible influence of treatment with alpha-interferon. CONCLUSION While platelet autoantibodies are common in individuals with HCV infection, their detection does not assist in the diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Panzer
- Clinic for Blood Group Serology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Zahn A, Jennings N, Ouwehand WH, Allain JP. Hepatitis C virus interacts with human platelet glycoprotein VI. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:2243-2251. [PMID: 16847120 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.81826-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) interacts with human platelets in vivo as a potential transport of infectious virions to the target liver. The binding of native viral particles with the platelet membrane glycoprotein VI (GPVI) was analysed. A consistent interaction between HCV from plasma or after purification by two different methods and the recombinant extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains of human GPVI (hD1D2) was observed with two independent experimental approaches: pull-down and ELISA assays. Between 2 and 7 % of HCV particles were specifically bound to hD1D2. The binding was inhibited by an anti-hD1D2 in a dose-dependent manner. Human D1D2 interaction with HCV was significantly higher than the murine D1D2, supporting the specificity of the interaction and to the single human domains (D1 and D2), suggesting that both Ig-like domains of the molecule are required for efficient binding. GPVI may be a platelet surface ligand for HCV playing a role in viral transport and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Zahn
- National Blood Service, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 2PT, UK
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2PT, UK
| | - Nicola Jennings
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2PT, UK
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- National Blood Service, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 2PT, UK
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2PT, UK
| | - Jean-Pierre Allain
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2PT, UK
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