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Kou B, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Yang J, Sun J, Yan Y, Weng L, Xiao C. A Study of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma Class Differences Based on Chemical Composition and Core Efficacy. Molecules 2023; 28:7132. [PMID: 37894611 PMCID: PMC10609378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Establishment of a method for evaluating Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma (GRR) classes based on chemical composition and core efficacy; (2) Methods: Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to determine the chemical constituents of GRR-first class (GF) and GRR-second class (GS). The cell viability, liver function, oxidative stress enzyme activity, and inflammatory factor levels of GF and GS on H2O2-induced HepG2 cells were determined with CCK-8, ELISA, and biochemical methods, and the antioxidant activity of the two was evaluated using bioefficacy; ELISA, biochemical methods, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method, and Western blot (WB) were used to determine the liver function, oxidative stress enzyme activity, inflammatory factor levels, and expression of related genes and proteins in mice with acute liver injury (ALI) model induced with 0.3% CCl4 olive oil solution after gavage administration; (3) Results: GF and GS had the same types of components, but the cyclic enol ether terpenes such as morinlon goside c, loganin, gentiopicroside, and swertiamarin differed significantly between the two; the effect of GF on CCl4-induced acute hepatic injury in C57BL/6 mice was stronger compared to GS. It helped alleviate weight loss, increase hepatic and splenic indices, improve hepatic lobular structure and hepatocyte status, inhibit collagen deposition, enhance oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory-related genes and protein expression, and decrease apoptotic genes and proteins more significantly than GS; (4) Conclusions: In this study, we established a GRR class evaluation method combining chemical composition and core medicinal effects, which can rapidly determine the differential composition of GF and GS, detect the quality of GRR through antioxidant bioefficacy, and validate it with in vivo experiments, which provides references for the evaluation of the class of GRR and the rational use of medication in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lili Weng
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (B.K.); (Y.J.); (Y.C.); (J.Y.); (J.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Chunping Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (B.K.); (Y.J.); (Y.C.); (J.Y.); (J.S.); (Y.Y.)
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De Vita S, Chini MG, Saviano G, Finamore C, Festa C, Lauro G, De Marino S, Russo R, Avagliano C, Casapullo A, Calignano A, Bifulco G, Iorizzi M. Biological Profile of Two Gentiana lutea L. Metabolites Using Computational Approaches and In Vitro Tests. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1490. [PMID: 34680124 PMCID: PMC8533323 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been the main source of bioactive molecules for centuries. We tested the biological profile of two metabolites extracted from Gentiana lutea L. by means of computational techniques and in vitro assays. The two molecules (loganic acid and gentiopicroside) were tested in silico using an innovative technique, named Inverse Virtual Screening (IVS), to highlight putative partners among a panel of proteins involved in inflammation and cancer events. A positive binding with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein emerged from the computational experiments and the outcomes from the promising interaction with COX-2 were confirmed by Western blot, highlighting the reliability of IVS in the field of the natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona De Vita
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.D.V.); (G.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Chini
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Pesche, 86090 Isernia, Italy; (M.G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriella Saviano
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Pesche, 86090 Isernia, Italy; (M.G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Claudia Finamore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.F.); (C.F.); (S.D.M.); (R.R.); (C.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Carmen Festa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.F.); (C.F.); (S.D.M.); (R.R.); (C.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Gianluigi Lauro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.D.V.); (G.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Simona De Marino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.F.); (C.F.); (S.D.M.); (R.R.); (C.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Roberto Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.F.); (C.F.); (S.D.M.); (R.R.); (C.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Carmen Avagliano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.F.); (C.F.); (S.D.M.); (R.R.); (C.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Agostino Casapullo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.D.V.); (G.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.F.); (C.F.); (S.D.M.); (R.R.); (C.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.D.V.); (G.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Iorizzi
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Pesche, 86090 Isernia, Italy; (M.G.C.); (G.S.)
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Jiang M, Cui BW, Wu YL, Nan JX, Lian LH. Genus Gentiana: A review on phytochemistry, pharmacology and molecular mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113391. [PMID: 32931880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As the largest genus of Gentianaceae family, the Gentiana genus harbors over 400 species, widely distributed in the alpine areas of temperate regions worldwide. Plants from Gentiana genus are traditionally used to treat a wide variety of diseases including easing pain dispelling rheumatism, and treating liver jaundice, chronic pharyngitis and arthritis in China since ancient times. In this review, a systematic and constructive overview of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, molecular mechanisms, toxicology and pharmacological activities of the researched species of genus Gentiana is provided. MATERIALS AND METHODS The used information in this review is based on various databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley online library, Wanfang Data, Web of Science) through a search using the keyword "Gentiana" in the period of 1981-2019. Besides, other ethnopharmacological information was acquired from Chinese herbal classic books and Chinese pharmacopoeia 2015 edition. RESULTS The plants from Gentiana genus have a long tradition of various medicinal uses in Europe and Asia. Phytochemical studies showed that the main bioactive components isolated from this genus includes iridoids xanthones and flavonoids. These compounds and extracts isolated from this genus show a wide range of protective activities including hepatic protection, gastrointestinal protection, cardiovascular protection, immunomodulation, joint protection, pulmonary protection, bone protection and reproductive protection. Molecular mechanism studies also indicated several potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of certain diseases by plants from this genus. Besides, natural products from this plant show no significant animal toxicity, cytotoxicity or genotoxicity. CONCLUSION This review summarized the traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and molecular mechanism of genus Gentiana, providing references and research tendency for plant-based drug development and further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Ben-Wen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China; Clinical Research Centre, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
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Yellow gentian root extract provokes concentration- and time-dependent response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 71:320-328. [PMID: 33410776 PMCID: PMC7968512 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea L.), a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine, displays multiple biological effects, ranging from beneficial to toxic. Since many promising applications have been reported so far, our aim was to evaluate its potential concentration- and time- dependent cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in vitro. To that end we exposed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL of yellow gentian root extract (YGRE) to determine its effects on oxidative stress parameters [pro/antioxidant balance (PAB) and lipid peroxidation], DNA damage (alkaline comet assay and chromosome aberrations), and cell viability (trypan blue exclusion test). Cell viability decreased with increasing concentrations and treatment duration. Only the lowest YGRE concentration (0.5 mg/mL) increased oxidative stress but produced minor DNA damage and cytotoxicity. At higher concentrations, redox parameters returned to near control values. The percentage of chromosome aberrations and percentage of DNA in the comet tail increased with increased YGRE concentration after 48 h and declined after 72 h of treatment. This points to the activation of DNA repair mechanism (homologous recombination), evidenced by the formation of chromosomal radial figures after 72 h of treatment with the highest YGRE concentration of 2 mg/mL. Our results suggest that YGRE, despite induction of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, activates cell repair mechanisms that counter oxidative and DNA lesions and induce cell death in highly damaged cells. Therefore, observed protective effects of yellow gentian after longer exposure could be a result of activated repair and removal of cells with irreparable damage.
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Cvetković S, Nastasijević B, Mitić-Ćulafić D, Đukanović S, Tenji D, Knežević-Vukčević J, Nikolić B. New insight into the antigenotoxic activity of Gentiana lutea extracts – Protective effect against food borne mutagens. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 858-860:503251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Yang M, Zhou KY, Li FF, Yang HY, Yin M, Zhang LH, Wang FS. Effects of Gentiana delavayi Flower Extract on APP Processing in APP/PS1 CHO Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:767-773. [PMID: 32378555 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gentiana delavayi Franch. (Gentianaceae) as an ethnomedicinal plant contains a variety of effective active ingredients and exhibits diverse pharmacological actions, such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and central nervous system effects. In this study we investigated the influence of G. delavayi flower extract on amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing at molecular and cellular levels. APP/PS1 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were treated with chloroform extract of G. delavayi flower in different concentrations for 24 h. Concentrations of amyloid β (Aβ) 40 and Aβ42 in the cell supernatant and activity of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), BACE2, and cathepsin D were determined. The expression of APP and neprilysin (NEP) within the cell were further determined. Compared with the control group, the levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 declined notably and the activity of BACE1 was inhibited significantly in the APP/PS1 CHO cells after treatment with the chloroform extract of G. delavayi flower. Although the activities of BACE2 and cathepsin D were not changed, the expression of Aβ degrading enzyme NEP increased remarkably. Our experiments have clearly showed that the chloroform extract of G. delavayi flower inhibits the generation of β-amyloid by specifically inhibiting β-secretase and increases the expression of NEP which fastens the degradation of Aβ, exhibiting the effect of decreasing Aβ accumulation in APP/PS1 CHO cells. These results suggest that the active components from the chloroform extract of G. delavayi flower have a further prospect to be developed as potential anti-Aβ drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University
| | - Kai-Yi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Feng-Feng Li
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University
| | - Hui-Yun Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University
| | - Ming Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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Olennikov DN, Gadimli AI, Isaev JI, Kashchenko NI, Prokopyev AS, Kataeva TN, Chirikova NK, Vennos C. Caucasian Gentiana Species: Untargeted LC-MS Metabolic Profiling, Antioxidant and Digestive Enzyme Inhibiting Activity of Six Plants. Metabolites 2019; 9:E271. [PMID: 31703419 PMCID: PMC6918269 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9110271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of Gentiana genus are widely distributed in the Caucasus region where they are used as phytoremedies, but they still have not been studied for their chemical composition and bioactivity. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and electrospray triple quadrupole mass detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-QQQ-MS) was used to investigate metabolites of herb and roots of six gentians (Gentiana asclepiadea, G. cruciata, G. gelida, G. paradoxa, G. pneumonanthe, G. septemfida) grown in the Caucasus. In total, 137 compounds were found including three carbohydrates, 71 iridoid glycosides (mostly loganic acid), loganin, swertiamarin, gentiopicroside and sweroside derivatives, 40 flavones C-, O-, C,O-glycosides (such as luteolin, apigenin, chrysoeriol, and acacetin derivatives), two phenolic O-glycosides, five hydroxycinnamates, eight xanthones, and seven triterpene glycosides. Most of these compounds were identified in gentian samples for the first time. Quantitative differences were found in levels of seven iridoid glycosides, nine glycosylflavones, and two xanthones obtained by HPLC-DAD assay. The gentian extracts were evaluated for their radical-scavenging properties against DPPH and superoxide anion radicals, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and α-amylase/α-glycosidase inhibition. The herb extracts showed higher activity than root extracts. Positive correlations were found between the content of quantified phenolics and antioxidant and digestive enzymes inhibiting activity. The findings presented in our work suggest that the Caucasian gentians are a good source of bioactive phytocompounds with antioxidant and antidiabetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil N. Olennikov
- Laboratory of Medical and Biological Research, Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Science, 6 Sakh’yanovoy Street, 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russia;
| | - Aydan I. Gadimli
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Azerbaijan Medical University, Anvar Gasimzade Street 14, Baku AZ1022, Azerbaijan; (A.I.G.); (J.I.I.)
| | - Javanshir I. Isaev
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Azerbaijan Medical University, Anvar Gasimzade Street 14, Baku AZ1022, Azerbaijan; (A.I.G.); (J.I.I.)
| | - Nina I. Kashchenko
- Laboratory of Medical and Biological Research, Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Science, 6 Sakh’yanovoy Street, 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russia;
| | - Alexey S. Prokopyev
- Siberian Botanic Garden, Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue 34/1, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.S.P.); (T.N.K.)
| | - Tatyana N. Kataeva
- Siberian Botanic Garden, Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue 34/1, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.S.P.); (T.N.K.)
| | - Nadezhda K. Chirikova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, North-Eastern Federal University, 58 Belinsky Street, 677027 Yakutsk, Russia;
| | - Cecile Vennos
- Regulatory and Medical Scientific Affairs, Padma AG, 30 Haldenstrasse, CH-8620 Wetzikon, Switzerland;
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Gabelova A, Kozics K, Kapka-Skrzypczak L, Kruszewski M, Sramkova M. Nephrotoxicity: Topical issue. Mutat Res 2018; 845:402988. [PMID: 31561894 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced kidney injury is one of the most significant adverse events and dose limiting factor in chemotherapy as well a major cause of prospective drug attrition during pharmaceutical development. Moreover, kidney injury can also occur as a consequence of exposures to environmental xenobiotics such as heavy metals, fungal toxins and nanomaterials. The lack of adequate in vitro human kidney models that mimic more realistically the in vivo conditions and the absence of suitable and robust, cost-effective and predictive cell-based in vitro assays contribute to an underestimation of the kidney toxic potential of new drugs and xenobiotics. Therefore, a rapid screening system capable to detect potential nephrotoxicity at early stages of drug discovery is an urgent need. Here we provide an overview of human cell lines currently used as a surrogate in vitro kidney models in nephrotoxicity studies, including their advantages and limitations. In addition, the capacity of the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/comet assay as a potential tool in kidney toxicants screening is discussed. Despite a limited number of studies using the comet assay to evaluate the drug-induced kidney damage potential, a considerable variability in SCGE methodology (e.g. lysis, unwinding, and electrophoresis conditions) has been observed. Before the comet assay can be included in nephrotoxicity testing, a basic guideline has to be developed. To test its feasibility, additional in vitro experiments including inter-laboratory validation studies based on this guideline have to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Gabelova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Katarina Kozics
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; Department of Medical Biology and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; Department of Medical Biology and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszów, Poland; Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Sramkova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Xu Y, Li Y, Maffucci KG, Huang L, Zeng R. Analytical Methods of Phytochemicals from the Genus Gentiana. Molecules 2017; 22:E2080. [PMID: 29182593 PMCID: PMC6149888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Gentiana comprises approximately 400 species. Many species have a wide range of pharmacological activities and have been used therapeutically for thousands of years. To provide comprehensive guidance, utilization and quality control of Gentiana species, this review presents updated information concerning the recent application and progress of chemical analysis including phytochemical analysis, sample preparation and chemometrics. Detailed and comprehensive data including number of analytes, extraction/separation methods, analytical techniques and chemometrics are shown as corresponding tables. These data illustrate that the development of newly discovered compounds and therapeutic uses, understanding of the structure-activity relationship and establishment of harmonious and effective medicinal herb standards are the direction of advancement in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ying Li
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | | | - Linfang Huang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Rui Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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DNA Protection against Oxidative Damage Using the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Garcinia mangostana and Alpha-Mangostin. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3430405. [PMID: 27042187 PMCID: PMC4799812 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3430405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Garcinia mangostana, popularly known as “mangosteen fruit,” originates from Southeast Asia and came to Brazil about 80 years ago where it mainly grows in the states of Pará and Bahia. Although mangosteen or its extracts have been used for ages in Asian folk medicine, data on its potential genotoxicity is missing. We, therefore, evaluated genotoxicity/mutagenicity of hydroethanolic mangosteen extract [HEGM, 10 to 640 μg/mL] in established test assays (Comet assay, micronucleus test, and Salmonella/microsome test). In the Comet assay, HEGM-exposed human leukocytes showed no DNA damage. No significant HEGM-induced mutation in TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium (with or without metabolic activation) was observed and HEGM-exposed human lymphocytes had no increase of micronuclei. However, HEGM suggested exposure concentration-dependent antigenotoxic potential in leukocytes and antioxidant potential in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. HEGM preloading effectively protected against H2O2-induced DNA damage in leukocytes (Comet assay). Preloading of yeast with HEGM for up to 4 h significantly protected the cells from lethality of chronic H2O2-exposure, as expressed in better survival. Absence of genotoxicity and demonstration of an antigenotoxic and antioxidant potential suggest that HEGM or some substances contained in it may hold promise for pharmaceutical or nutraceutical application.
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Pan Y, Zhao YL, Zhang J, Li WY, Wang YZ. Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of the GenusGentiana(Gentianaceae). Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:107-50. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sponchiado G, Adam ML, Silva CD, Soley BS, de Mello-Sampayo C, Cabrini DA, Correr CJ, Otuki MF. Quantitative genotoxicity assays for analysis of medicinal plants: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 178:289-296. [PMID: 26680588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants are known to contain numerous biologically active compounds, and although they have proven pharmacological properties, they can cause harm, including DNA damage. AIM OF THE STUDY Review the literature to evaluate the genotoxicity risk of medicinal plants, explore the genotoxicity assays most used and compare these to the current legal requirements. MATERIAL AND METHODS A quantitative systematic review of the literature, using the keywords "medicinal plants", "genotoxicity" and "mutagenicity", was undertakenQ to identify the types of assays most used to assess genotoxicity, and to evaluate the genotoxicity potential of medicinal plant extracts. RESULTS The database searches retrieved 2289 records, 458 of which met the inclusion criteria. Evaluation of the selected articles showed a total of 24 different assays used for an assessment of medicinal plant extract genotoxicity. More than a quarter of those studies (28.4%) reported positive results for genotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrates that a range of genotoxicity assay methods are used to evaluate the genotoxicity potential of medicinal plant extracts. The most used methods are those recommended by regulatory agencies. However, based on the current findings, in order to conduct a thorough study concerning the possible genotoxic effects of a medicinal plant, we indicate that it is important always to include bacterial and mammalian tests, with at least one in vivo assay. Also, these tests should be capable of detecting outcomes that include mutation induction, clastogenic and aneugenic effects, and structural chromosome abnormalities. In addition, the considerable rate of positive results detected in this analysis further supports the relevance of assessing the genotoxicity potential of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Sponchiado
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Dadalt Silva
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruna Silva Soley
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Almeida Cabrini
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Michel Fleith Otuki
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
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Ševčovičová A, Šemeláková M, Plšíková J, Loderer D, Imreová P, Gálová E, Kožurková M, Miadoková E, Fedoročko P. DNA-protective activities of hyperforin and aristoforin. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:631-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hani SB, Bayachou M. Salvia fruticosa reduces intrinsic cellular and H2O2-induced DNA oxidation in HEK 293 cells; assessment using flow cytometry. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4:399-403. [PMID: 25182726 DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.2014c1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of water-soluble extract of Salvia fruticosa (Greek sage) (S. fruticosa) leaves in reducing both intrinsic cellular and H2O2-induced DNA oxidation in cultured human embryonic kidney 293 cells. S. fruticosa, native to the Eastern-Mediterranean basin, is widely used as a medicinal herb for treatment of various diseases. METHODS Dried leaves of S. fruticosa were extracted in phosphate buffer saline and purified using both vacuum and high pressure filtrations. Each mL of the preparation contained (7.1±1.0) mg of extract. HEK-293 cells were incubated in one set with S. fruticosa extract in the presence of 0.1 mmol/L H2O2, and in the other set with the addition of the extract alone. The DNA oxidation was measured using fluorescence upon fluorescein isothiocyanate derivatization of 8-oxoguanine moieties. The fluorescence was measured using flow cytometry technique. RESULTS Cells incubated 3 h with 150 µL extract and exposed to 0.1 mmol/L H2O2 showed lower intensity of fluorescence, and thus lower DNA oxidation. Moreover, cells incubated 3 h with 100 µL of the extract showed lower intensity of fluorescence, and thus lower intrinsic cellular DNA oxidation compared to control (without S. fruticosa). CONCLUSIONS The results from this study suggest that the water-soluble extract of S. fruticosa leaves protects against both H2O2-induced and intrinsic cellular DNA oxidation in human embryonic kidney 293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Bani Hani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mekki Bayachou
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, 2399 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
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15
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Gafrikova M, Galova E, Sevcovicova A, Imreova P, Mucaji P, Miadokova E. Extract from Armoracia rusticana and its flavonoid components protect human lymphocytes against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. Molecules 2014; 19:3160-72. [PMID: 24637991 PMCID: PMC6271614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19033160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage prevention is an important mechanism involved in cancer prevention by dietary compounds. Armoracia rusticana is cultivated mainly for its roots that are used in the human diet as a pungent spice. The roots represent rich sources of biologically active phytocompounds, which are beneficial for humans. In this study we investigated the modulation of H₂O₂ genotoxicity using the A. rusticana root aqueous extract (AE) and two flavonoids (kaempferol or quercetin). Human lymphocytes pre-treated with AE, kaempferol and quercetin were challenged with H₂O₂ and the DNA damage was assessed by the comet assay. At first we assessed a non-genotoxic concentration of AE and flavonoids, respectively. In lymphocytes challenged with H₂O₂ we proved that the 0.0025 mg·mL⁻¹ concentration of AE protected human DNA. It significantly reduced H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage (from 78% to 35.75%). Similarly, a non-genotoxic concentration of kaempferol (5 μg·mL⁻¹) significantly diminished oxidative DNA damage (from 83.3% to 19.4%), and the same concentration of quercetin also reduced the genotoxic effect of H₂O₂ (from 83.3% to 16.2%). We conclude that AE, kaempferol and quercetin probably act as antimutagens. The molecular mechanisms underlying their antimutagenic activity might be explained by their antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michala Gafrikova
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava 842 15, Slovakia
| | - Eliska Galova
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava 842 15, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Sevcovicova
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava 842 15, Slovakia
| | - Petronela Imreova
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava 842 15, Slovakia
| | - Pavel Mucaji
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, Bratislava 832 32, Slovakia.
| | - Eva Miadokova
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava 842 15, Slovakia
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Mihailović V, Katanić J, Mišić D, Stanković V, Mihailović M, Uskoković A, Arambašić J, Solujić S, Mladenović M, Stanković N. Hepatoprotective effects of secoiridoid-rich extracts from Gentiana cruciata L. against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in rats. Food Funct 2014; 5:1795-803. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of the methanol extracts of Gentiana cruciata L. dilate against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Mihailović
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Kragujevac
- 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Katanić
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Kragujevac
- 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela Mišić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”
- University of Belgrade
- 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Stanković
- Institute of Pathology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Kragujevac
- Serbia
| | - Mirjana Mihailović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”
- University of Belgrade
- 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Uskoković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”
- University of Belgrade
- 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Arambašić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”
- University of Belgrade
- 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Solujić
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Kragujevac
- 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milan Mladenović
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Kragujevac
- 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Stanković
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Kragujevac
- 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Mihailović V, Mihailović M, Uskoković A, Arambašić J, Mišić D, Stanković V, Katanić J, Mladenović M, Solujić S, Matić S. Hepatoprotective effects of Gentiana asclepiadea L. extracts against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 52:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Hudecová A, Kusznierewicz B, Rundén-Pran E, Magdolenová Z, Hasplová K, Rinna A, Fjellsbø LM, Kruszewski M, Lankoff A, Sandberg WJ, Refsnes M, Skuland T, Schwarze P, Brunborg G, Bjøras M, Collins A, Miadoková E, Gálová E, Dusinská M. Silver nanoparticles induce premutagenic DNA oxidation that can be prevented by phytochemicals from Gentiana asclepiadea. Mutagenesis 2012; 27:759-69. [PMID: 22940646 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have the broadest and most commercial applications due to their antibacterial properties, highlighting the need for exploring their potential toxicity and underlying mechanisms of action. Our main aim was to investigate whether AgNPs exert toxicity by inducing oxidative damage to DNA in human kidney HEK 293 cells. In addition, we tested whether this damage could be counteracted by plant extracts containing phytochemicals such as swertiamarin, mangiferin and homoorientin with high antioxidant abilities. We show that AgNPs (20 nm) are taken up by cells and localised in vacuoles and cytoplasm. Exposure to 1, 25 or 100 µg/ml AgNPs leads to a significant dose-dependent increase in oxidised DNA base lesions (8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine or 8-oxoG) detected by the comet assay after incubation of nucleoids with 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase. Oxidised DNA base lesions and strand breaks caused by AgNPs were diminished by aqueous and methanolic extracts from both haulm and flower of Gentiana asclepiadea.
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Hudecová A, Kusznierewicz B, Hašplová K, Huk A, Magdolenová Z, Miadoková E, Gálová E, Dušinská M. Gentiana asclepiadea exerts antioxidant activity and enhances DNA repair of hydrogen peroxide- and silver nanoparticles-induced DNA damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3352-9. [PMID: 22721983 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to high levels of different environmental pollutants is known to be associated with induction of DNA damage in humans. Thus DNA repair is of great importance in preventing mutations and contributes crucially to the prevention of cancer. In our study we have focused on quantitative analysis of Gentiana asclepiadea aqueous or methanolic extracts obtained from flower and haulm, their antioxidant potency in ABTS post-column derivatisation, and their potential ability to enhance DNA repair in human lymphocytes after hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) treatment (250 μM, 5 min). We also studied DNA repair in human kidney HEK 293 cells after exposure to 20 nm silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (100 μg/ml, 30 min) in the presence and absence of the plant extract. We have found that mangiferin along with unidentified polar compounds are the most pronounced antioxidants in the studied extracts. Extract from haulm exhibited slightly stronger antioxidant properties compared to flower extracts. However, all four extracts showed significant ability to enhance DNA repair in both cell types after H(2)O(2) and AgNP treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hudecová
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava 842 15, Slovakia
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