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Onizuka K, Hazemi ME, Thomas JM, Monteleone LR, Yamada K, Imoto S, Beal PA, Nagatsugi F. Synthesis of native-like crosslinked duplex RNA and study of its properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2191-2199. [PMID: 28268052 PMCID: PMC5969911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A variety of enzymes have been found to interact with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in order to carry out its functions. We have endeavored to prepare the covalently crosslinked native-like duplex RNA, which could be useful for biochemical studies and RNA nanotechnology. In this study, the interstrand covalently linked duplex RNA was formed by a crosslinking reaction between vinylpurine (VP) and the target cytosine or uracil in RNA. We measured melting temperatures and CD spectra to identify the properties of the VP crosslinked duplex RNA. The crosslinking formation increased the thermodynamic stability without disturbing the natural conformation of dsRNA. In addition, a competitive binding experiment with the duplex RNA binding enzyme, ADAR2, showed the crosslinked dsRNA bound the protein with nearly the same binding affinity as the natural dsRNA, confirming that it has finely preserved the natural traits of duplex RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumitsu Onizuka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Madoka E Hazemi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Justin M Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Leanna R Monteleone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ken Yamada
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shuhei Imoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Peter A Beal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Fumi Nagatsugi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
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Peacock H, Fostvedt E, Beal PA. Minor-groove-modulating adenosine replacements control protein binding and RNAi activity in siRNAs. ACS Chem Biol 2010; 5:1115-24. [PMID: 20863128 DOI: 10.1021/cb100245u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are common tools in molecular biology; however, the development of RNAi-based therapeutics is limited by immunostimulatory and nonspecific effects mediated by off-target RNA-binding proteins. The RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) and adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA 1 (ADAR1) are two proteins implicated in RNAi off-target effects and share a common means of interaction with siRNAs through double-stranded RNA binding motifs (dsRBMs). Here we report the site-specific introduction of N²-propargyl 2-aminopurine into siRNAs and subsequent conversion to two bulky products via copper-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) with either N-azidoacetyl-mannosamine azide or N-ethylpiperidine azide. We observed position-specific effects on RNAi activity for modifications made to both the passenger and guide strands. These findings are rationalized in light of recent structural studies of components of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and RISC-loading complex (RLC). The most active siRNAs were assayed for binding affinity to PKR and ADAR1. PKR binding was significantly reduced by multiple modifications, regardless of size, and ADAR1 binding was reduced in a position- and size-sensitive manner. Our findings present a strategy for designing siRNAs that reduce off-target dsRBM-protein binding while retaining native RNAi activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Peacock
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Erik Fostvedt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Peter A. Beal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Homann M. Editing Reactions from the Perspective of RNA Structure. NUCLEIC ACIDS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-73787-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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