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Navidi M, Yadav S, Struts AV, Brown MF, Nesnas N. Synthesis of 9-CD 3-9- cis-Retinal Cofactor of Isorhodopsin. Tetrahedron Lett 2018; 59:4521-4524. [PMID: 30692701 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of 9-CD3-9-cis-retinal via a six-step procedure from β-ionone. The steps involve an initial deuteration of the methyl ketone of β-ionone followed by two consecutive Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) coupling reactions and their corresponding DIBAL reductions. A final oxidation of the allylic alcohol of the retinol leads to the target compound. This deuterium labeled retinoid is an important cofactor for studying protein-retinoid interactions in isorhodopsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Navidi
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering & Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
| | - Shreya Yadav
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering & Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
| | - Andrey V Struts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Michael F Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Nasri Nesnas
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering & Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
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2
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Aydemir G, Kasiri Y, Bartók EM, Birta E, Fröhlich K, Böhm V, Mihaly J, Rühl R. Lycopene supplementation restores vitamin A deficiency in mice and possesses thereby partial pro-vitamin A activity transmitted via RAR signaling. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2413-2420. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Aydemir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Yasamin Kasiri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Emöke-Márta Bartók
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Eszter Birta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Kati Fröhlich
- Institute of Nutrition; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutrition; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Johanna Mihaly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
- Paprika Bioanalytics BT; Debrecen Hungary
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Faculty of Public Health University Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
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Palczewski K. Chemistry and biology of the initial steps in vision: the Friedenwald lecture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:6651-72. [PMID: 25338686 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual transduction is the process in the eye whereby absorption of light in the retina is translated into electrical signals that ultimately reach the brain. The first challenge presented by visual transduction is to understand its molecular basis. We know that maintenance of vision is a continuous process requiring the activation and subsequent restoration of a vitamin A-derived chromophore through a series of chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Diverse biochemical approaches that identified key proteins and reactions were essential to achieve a mechanistic understanding of these visual processes. The three-dimensional arrangements of these enzymes' polypeptide chains provide invaluable insights into their mechanisms of action. A wealth of information has already been obtained by solving high-resolution crystal structures of both rhodopsin and the retinoid isomerase from pigment RPE (RPE65). Rhodopsin, which is activated by photoisomerization of its 11-cis-retinylidene chromophore, is a prototypical member of a large family of membrane-bound proteins called G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). RPE65 is a retinoid isomerase critical for regeneration of the chromophore. Electron microscopy (EM) and atomic force microscopy have provided insights into how certain proteins are assembled to form much larger structures such as rod photoreceptor cell outer segment membranes. A second challenge of visual transduction is to use this knowledge to devise therapeutic approaches that can prevent or reverse conditions leading to blindness. Imaging modalities like optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) applied to appropriate animal models as well as human retinal imaging have been employed to characterize blinding diseases, monitor their progression, and evaluate the success of therapeutic agents. Lately two-photon (2-PO) imaging, together with biochemical assays, are revealing functional aspects of vision at a new molecular level. These multidisciplinary approaches combined with suitable animal models and inbred mutant species can be especially helpful in translating provocative cell and tissue culture findings into therapeutic options for further development in animals and eventually in humans. A host of different approaches and techniques is required for substantial progress in understanding fundamental properties of the visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Palczewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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Rossi R, Bellina F, Lessi M, Manzini C. Development and applications of highly selective palladium-catalyzed monocoupling reactions of (cyclo)alkenes and 1,3-alkadienes bearing two or three electrophilic sites and bis(enol triflates) with terminal alkynes. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Cross-Coupling Reactions of Organosilicon Compounds in the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Retinoids. Chemistry 2012; 18:4401-10. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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OHGANE K, DODO K, HASHIMOTO Y. Structural Development Study of a Novel Pharmacological Chaperone for Folding-defective Rhodopsin Mutants Responsible for Retinitis Pigmentosa. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2011; 131:325-34. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.131.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji OHGANE
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo
| | | | - Yuichi HASHIMOTO
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo
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Ohgane K, Dodo K, Hashimoto Y. Retinobenzaldehydes as proper-trafficking inducers of folding-defective P23H rhodopsin mutant responsible for Retinitis Pigmentosa. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:7022-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Aguilà M, Toledo D, Morillo M, Dominguez M, Vaz B, Alvarez R, de Lera AR, Garriga P. Structural coupling of 11-cis-7-methyl-retinal and amino acids at the ligand binding pocket of rhodopsin. Photochem Photobiol 2009; 85:485-93. [PMID: 19267873 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It was previously shown that opsin can be regenerated with the newly synthesized 11-cis-7-methyl-retinal forming an artificial visual pigment. We now extend this study to include mutants at positions close to the retinal to further dissect the interactions of native and artificial chromophores with opsin. Several mutants at M207, W265 and Y268 have been obtained and regenerated with 11-cis-retinal and the 7-methyl analog. M207 is the site of the point mutation M207R associated with the retinal degenerative disease retinitis pigmentosa. All the studied mutants regenerated with 11-cis-retinal except for M207C which proved to be completely misfolded. The naturally occurring M207R mutant formed a pigment with an unprotonated Schiff base linkage, altered photobleaching and low MetarhodopsinII stability. Mutants regenerated with the 7-methyl analog showed altered photobleaching reflecting a structural perturbation in the vicinity of M207. The newly obtained mutants at M207 also showed reduced levels of transducin activation with M207R showing essentially no transducin activation. Our results highlight the tight coupling of the vicinity of C7 of retinal and M207 and support the involvement of this amino acid residue in the conformational changes associated with rhodopsin photoactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Aguilà
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Centre de Biotecnologia Molecular, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Colom 1, Terrassa, Spain
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The molecular structure of a curl-shaped retinal isomer. J Mol Model 2008; 14:717-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-008-0284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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López S, Montenegro J, Saá C. Highly Convergent, Stereospecific Synthesis of 11-cis-Retinoids by Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of (Z)-1-Alkenylmetals. J Org Chem 2007; 72:9572-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jo701664r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Montenegro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Saá
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Lau PW, Grossfield A, Feller SE, Pitman MC, Brown MF. Dynamic structure of retinylidene ligand of rhodopsin probed by molecular simulations. J Mol Biol 2007; 372:906-917. [PMID: 17719606 PMCID: PMC5233727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rhodopsin is currently the only available atomic-resolution template for understanding biological functions of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. The structural basis for the phenomenal dark state stability of 11-cis-retinal bound to rhodopsin and its ultrafast photoreaction are active topics of research. In particular, the beta-ionone ring of the retinylidene inverse agonist is crucial for the activation mechanism. We analyzed a total of 23 independent, 100 ns all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of rhodopsin embedded in a lipid bilayer in the microcanonical (N,V,E) ensemble. Analysis of intramolecular fluctuations predicts hydrogen-out-of-plane (HOOP) wagging modes of retinal consistent with those found in Raman vibrational spectroscopy. We show that sampling and ergodicity of the ensemble of simulations are crucial for determining the distribution of conformers of retinal bound to rhodopsin. The polyene chain is rigidly locked into a single, twisted conformation, consistent with the function of retinal as an inverse agonist in the dark state. Most surprisingly, the beta-ionone ring is mobile within its binding pocket; interactions are non-specific and the cavity is sufficiently large to enable structural heterogeneity. We find that retinal occupies two distinct conformations in the dark state, contrary to most previous assumptions. The beta-ionone ring can rotate relative to the polyene chain, thereby populating both positively and negatively twisted 6-s-cis enantiomers. This result, while unexpected, strongly agrees with experimental solid-state (2)H NMR spectra. Correlation analysis identifies the residues most critical to controlling mobility of retinal; we find that Trp265 moves away from the ionone ring prior to any conformational transition. Our findings reinforce how molecular dynamics simulations can challenge conventional assumptions for interpreting experimental data, especially where existing models neglect conformational fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pick-Wei Lau
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Alan Grossfield
- IBM TJ Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
| | - Scott E. Feller
- Department of Chemistry, Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Indiana 47933, USA
| | - Michael C. Pitman
- IBM TJ Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
| | - Michael F. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- Corresponding author. Present address: Pick-Wei Lau, Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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