1
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Gao TN, Huang S, Nooijen R, Zhu Y, Kociok-Köhn G, Stuerzer T, Li G, Bitter JH, Salentijn GIJ, Chen B, Miloserdov FM, Zuilhof H. Rim-Based Binding of Perfluorinated Acids to Pillararenes Purifies Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403474. [PMID: 38506404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose a rapidly increasing global problem as their widespread use and high stability lead worldwide to water contamination, with significant detrimental health effects.[1] Supramolecular chemistry has been invoked to develop materials geared towards the specific capture of PFAS from water,[2] to reduce the concentration below advisory safety limits (e.g., 70 ng/L for the sum of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, PFOS and perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOA). Scale-up and use in natural waters with high PFAS concentrations has hitherto posed a problem. Here we report a new type of host-guest interaction between deca-ammonium-functionalized pillar[5]arenes (DAF-P5s) and perfluoroalkyl acids. DAF-P5 complexes show an unprecedented 1 : 10 stoichiometry, as confirmed by isothermal calorimetry and X-ray crystallographic studies, and high binding constants (up to 106 M-1) to various polyfluoroalkyl acids. In addition, non-fluorinated acids do not hamper this process significantly. Immobilization of DAF-P5s allows a simple single-time filtration of PFAS-contaminated water to reduce the PFOS/PFOA concentration 106 times to 15-50 ng/L level. The effective and fast (<5 min) orthogonal binding to organic molecules without involvement of fluorinated supramolecular hosts, high breakthrough capacity (90 mg/g), and robust performance (>10 regeneration cycles without decrease in performance) set a new benchmark in PFAS-absorbing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu-Nan Gao
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Si Huang
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Rick Nooijen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yumei Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Materials and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC2), University of Bath Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Stuerzer
- Bruker AXS GmbH, Östliche Rheinbrückenstraße 49, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Guanna Li
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H Bitter
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert I J Salentijn
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, 6700AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Fedor M Miloserdov
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, Jiaxing University, 314001, Jiaxing, China
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2
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Duca M, Haksar D, van Neer J, Thies-Weesie DM, Martínez-Alarcón D, de Cock H, Varrot A, Pieters RJ. Multivalent Fucosides Targeting β-Propeller Lectins from Lung Pathogens with Promising Anti-Adhesive Properties. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:3515-3526. [PMID: 36414265 PMCID: PMC9764287 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fungal and bacterial pathogens causing lung infections often use lectins to mediate adhesion to glycoconjugates at the surface of host tissues. Given the rapid emergence of resistance to the treatments in current use, β-propeller lectins such as FleA from Aspergillus fumigatus, SapL1 from Scedosporium apiospermum, and BambL from Burkholderia ambifaria have become appealing targets for the design of anti-adhesive agents. In search of novel and cheap anti-infectious agents, we synthesized multivalent compounds that can display up to 20 units of fucose, the natural ligand. We obtained nanomolar inhibitors that are several orders of magnitude stronger than their monovalent analogue according to several biophysical techniques (i.e., fluorescence polarization, isothermal titration calorimetry, and bio-layer interferometry). The reason for high affinity might be attributed to a strong aggregating mechanism, which was examined by analytical ultracentrifugation. Notably, the fucosylated inhibitors reduced the adhesion of A. fumigatus spores to lung epithelial cells when administered 1 h before or after the infection of human lung epithelial cells. For this reason, we propose them as promising anti-adhesive drugs for the prevention and treatment of aspergillosis and related microbial lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Duca
- Department
of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands,Department
of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands,Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Diksha Haksar
- Department
of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacq van Neer
- Department
of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique M.E. Thies-Weesie
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hans de Cock
- Department
of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands,
| | | | - Roland J. Pieters
- Department
of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands,
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3
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Young TD, Liau WT, Lee CK, Mellody M, Wong GCL, Kasko AM, Weiss PS. Selective Promotion of Adhesion of Shewanella oneidensis on Mannose-Decorated Glycopolymer Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:35767-35781. [PMID: 32672931 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using glycopolymer surfaces, we have stimulated Shewanella oneidensis bacterial colonization and induced where the bacteria attach on a molecular pattern. When adherent bacteria were rinsed with methyl α-d-mannopyranoside, the glycopolymer-functionalized surfaces retained more cells than self-assembled monolayers terminated by a single mannose unit. These results suggest that the three-dimensional multivalency of the glycopolymers both promotes and retains bacterial attachment. When the methyl α-d-mannopyranoside competitor was codeposited with the cell culture, however, the mannose-based polymer was not significantly different from bare gold surfaces. The necessity for equilibration between methyl α-d-mannopyranoside and the cell culture to remove the enhancement suggests that the retention of cells on glycopolymer surfaces is kinetically controlled and is not a thermodynamic result of the cluster glycoside effect. The MshA lectin appears to facilitate the improved adhesion observed. Our findings that the surfaces studied here can induce stable initial attachment and influence the ratio of bacterial strains on the surface may be applied to harness useful microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Young
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Walter T Liau
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Calvin K Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Michael Mellody
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Andrea M Kasko
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paul S Weiss
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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4
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Yamini G, Nestorovich EM. Multivalent Inhibitors of Channel-Forming Bacterial Toxins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 406:199-227. [PMID: 27469304 PMCID: PMC6814628 DOI: 10.1007/82_2016_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rational design of multivalent molecules represents a remarkable modern tool to transform weak non-covalent interactions into strong binding by creating multiple finely-tuned points of contact between multivalent ligands and their supposed multivalent targets. Here, we describe several prominent examples where the multivalent blockers were investigated for their ability to directly obstruct oligomeric channel-forming bacterial exotoxins, such as the pore-forming bacterial toxins and B component of the binary bacterial toxins. We address problems related to the blocker/target symmetry match and nature of the functional groups, as well as chemistry and length of the linkers connecting the functional groups to their multivalent scaffolds. Using the anthrax toxin and AB5 toxin case studies, we briefly review how the oligomeric toxin components can be successfully disabled by the multivalent non-channel-blocking inhibitors, which are based on a variety of multivalent scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goli Yamini
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., 20064, USA
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5
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Haksar D, de Poel E, van Ufford LQ, Bhatia S, Haag R, Beekman J, Pieters RJ. Strong Inhibition of Cholera Toxin B Subunit by Affordable, Polymer-Based Multivalent Inhibitors. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:785-792. [PMID: 30629410 PMCID: PMC6429436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cholera is a potentially
fatal bacterial infection that affects
a large number of people in developing countries. It is caused by
the cholera toxin (CT), an AB5 toxin secreted by Vibrio cholera. The toxin comprises a toxic A-subunit
and a pentameric B-subunit that bind to the intestinal cell surface.
Several monovalent and multivalent inhibitors of the toxin have been
synthesized but are too complicated and expensive for practical use
in developing countries. Meta-nitrophenyl α-galactoside (MNPG)
is a known promising ligand for CT, and here mono- and multivalent
compounds based on MNPG were synthesized. We present the synthesis
of MNPG in greatly improved yields and its use while linked to a multivalent
scaffold. We used economical polymers as multivalent scaffolds, namely,
polyacrylamide, dextran, and hyperbranched polyglycerols (hPGs). Copper-catalyzed
alkyne azide cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) produced the inhibitors
that were tested in an ELISA-type assay and an intestinal organoid
swelling inhibition assay. The inhibitory properties varied widely
depending on the type of polymer, and the most potent conjugates showed
IC50 values in the nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Haksar
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Eyleen de Poel
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht , University Medical Centre Utrecht , Lundlaan 6 , 3508 GA Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Linda Quarles van Ufford
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Sumati Bhatia
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Organische Chemie , Freie Universität at Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Organische Chemie , Freie Universität at Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Jeffrey Beekman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht , University Medical Centre Utrecht , Lundlaan 6 , 3508 GA Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands
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6
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Mahon CS, Wildsmith GC, Haksar D, de Poel E, Beekman JM, Pieters RJ, Webb ME, Turnbull WB. A ‘catch-and-release’ receptor for the cholera toxin. Faraday Discuss 2019; 219:112-127. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00017h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive receptors for the recognition unit of the cholera toxin (CTB) can recognise the protein with nanomolar affinity. An increase in temperature can drastically reduce their avidity, enabling on-demand release of CTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare S. Mahon
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Gemma C. Wildsmith
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
| | - Diksha Haksar
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Eyleen de Poel
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology
- Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital and Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht
- University Medical Centre Utrecht
- Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M. Beekman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology
- Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital and Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht
- University Medical Centre Utrecht
- Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Roland J. Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Michael E. Webb
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
| | - W. Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
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7
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Abstract
Cholera is a diarrheal disease caused by a protein toxin released by Vibrio cholera in the host's intestine. The toxin enters intestinal epithelial cells after binding to specific carbohydrates on the cell surface. Over recent years, considerable effort has been invested in developing inhibitors of toxin adhesion that mimic the carbohydrate ligand, with particular emphasis on exploiting the multivalency of the toxin to enhance activity. In this review we introduce the structural features of the toxin that have guided the design of diverse inhibitors and summarise recent developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajinder Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Akal University, Talwandi Sabo, Punjab, India
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - W Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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8
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Heggelund JE, Mackenzie A, Martinsen T, Heim JB, Cheshev P, Bernardi A, Krengel U. Towards new cholera prophylactics and treatment: Crystal structures of bacterial enterotoxins in complex with GM1 mimics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2326. [PMID: 28539625 PMCID: PMC5443773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholera is a life-threatening disease in many countries, and new drugs are clearly needed. C-glycosidic antagonists may serve such a purpose. Here we report atomic-resolution crystal structures of three such compounds in complexes with the cholera toxin. The structures give unprecedented atomic details of the molecular interactions and show how the inhibitors efficiently block the GM1 binding site. These molecules are well suited for development into low-cost prophylactic drugs, due to their relatively easy synthesis and their resistance to glycolytic enzymes. One of the compounds links two toxin B-pentamers in the crystal structure, which may yield improved inhibition through the formation of toxin aggregates. These structures can spark the improved design of GM1 mimics, either alone or as multivalent inhibitors connecting multiple GM1-binding sites. Future developments may further include compounds that link the primary and secondary binding sites. Serving as decoys, receptor mimics may lessen symptoms while avoiding the use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Elisabeth Heggelund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, NO-0315, Blindern, Norway. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK and School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, NO-0316, Blindern, Norway.
| | - Alasdair Mackenzie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, NO-0315, Blindern, Norway.,Alere Technologies AS, Kjelsåsveien 161, NO-0884, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Martinsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, NO-0315, Blindern, Norway
| | - Joel Benjamin Heim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, NO-0315, Blindern, Norway
| | - Pavel Cheshev
- Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Skolkovo innovation center, Office 229, OC Technopark bld. 2, Lugovaya str. 4, 143026, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Bernardi
- Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Ute Krengel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, NO-0315, Blindern, Norway.
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9
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Bhatia S, Camacho LC, Haag R. Pathogen Inhibition by Multivalent Ligand Architectures. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8654-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumati Bhatia
- Institut
für Chemie
und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis Cuellar Camacho
- Institut
für Chemie
und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut
für Chemie
und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Zomer-van Ommen DD, Pukin AV, Fu O, Quarles van Ufford LH, Janssens HM, Beekman JM, Pieters RJ. Functional Characterization of Cholera Toxin Inhibitors Using Human Intestinal Organoids. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6968-72. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Domenique D. Zomer-van Ommen
- Department
of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Lundlaan
6, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aliaksei V. Pukin
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ou Fu
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda H.C. Quarles van Ufford
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hettie M. Janssens
- Department
of Pediatric Pulmonology, Erasmus Medical Center/Sophia Children’s Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015
CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M. Beekman
- Department
of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Lundlaan
6, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roland J. Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Rohse P, Wittmann V. Mechanistic Insight into Nanomolar Binding of Multivalent Neoglycopeptides to Wheat Germ Agglutinin. Chemistry 2016; 22:9724-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rohse
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB); University of Konstanz; 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB); University of Konstanz; 78457 Konstanz Germany
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12
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Zuilhof H. Fighting Cholera One-on-One: The Development and Efficacy of Multivalent Cholera-Toxin-Binding Molecules. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:274-85. [PMID: 26760438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of diseases, ranging from cholera via travelers' diarrhea to hamburger disease, are caused by bacterially produced toxic proteins. In particular, a toxic protein unit is brought into the host cell upon binding to specific membrane-bound oligosaccharides on the host cell membrane. For example, the protein that causes cholera, cholera toxin (CT), has five identical, symmetrically placed binding pockets (B proteins), on top of which the toxic A protein resides. A promising strategy to counteract the devastating biological effects of this AB5 protein involves the development of inhibitors that can act as mimics of membrane-bound GM1 molecules, i.e., that can bind CT strongly and selectively. To reach this goal, two features are essential: First of all, the inhibitor should display oligosaccharides that resemble as much as possible the naturally occurring cell-surface pentasaccharide onto which CT normally binds, the so-called GM1 sugar (the oligosaccharide part of which is then labeled GM1os). Second, the inhibitor should be able to bind CT via multivalent interactions so as to bind CT as strongly as possible to allow for a real competition with the cell-membrane-bound GM1 molecules. In this Account, we present elements of the path that leads to strong CT inhibition by outlining the roles of multivalency and the development and use of GM1 mimics. First, multivalency effects were investigated using "sugar-coated" platforms, ranging from dendritic structures with up to eight oligosaccharides to platforms that mimicked the fivefold symmetry of CT itself. The latter goal was reached either via synthetic scaffolds like corannulene or calix[5]arene or via the development of a neolectin CT mimic that itself carries five GM1os groups. Second, the effect of the nature of the oligosaccharide appended to this platform was investigated via the use of oligosaccharides of increasing complexity, from galactose and lactose to the tetrasaccharide GM2os and eventually to GM1os itself. The combination of these threads gives rise to a series of inhibitors that can strongly bind CT, with IC50 values below 100 pM, and in some cases can even bind one-on-one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Polymer antidotes for toxin sequestration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 90:81-100. [PMID: 26026975 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Toxins delivered by envenomation, secreted by microorganisms, or unintentionally ingested can pose an immediate threat to life. Rapid intervention coupled with the appropriate antidote is required to mitigate the threat. Many antidotes are biological products and their cost, methods of production, potential for eliciting immunogenic responses, the time needed to generate them, and stability issues contribute to their limited availability and effectiveness. These factors exacerbate a world-wide challenge for providing treatment. In this review we evaluate a number of polymer constructs that may serve as alternative antidotes. The range of toxins investigated includes those from sources such as plants, animals and bacteria. The development of polymeric heavy metal sequestrants for use as antidotes to heavy metal poisoning faces similar challenges, thus recent findings in this area have also been included. Two general strategies have emerged for the development of polymeric antidotes. In one, the polymer acts as a scaffold for the presentation of ligands with a known affinity for the toxin. A second strategy is to generate polymers with an intrinsic affinity, and in some cases selectivity, to a range of toxins. Importantly, in vivo efficacy has been demonstrated for each of these strategies, which suggests that these approaches hold promise as an alternative to biological or small molecule based treatments.
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14
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Fu O, Pukin AV, van Ufford HCQ, Branson TR, Thies-Weesie DME, Turnbull WB, Visser GM, Pieters RJ. Tetra- versus Pentavalent Inhibitors of Cholera Toxin. ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:471-7. [PMID: 26478842 PMCID: PMC4603408 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The five B-subunits (CTB5) of the Vibrio cholerae (cholera) toxin can bind to the intestinal cell surface so the entire AB5 toxin can enter the cell. Simultaneous binding can occur on more than one of the monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) units present on the cell surface. Such simultaneous binding arising from the toxins multivalency is believed to enhance its affinity. Thus, blocking the initial attachment of the toxin to the cell surface using inhibitors with GM1 subunits has the potential to stop the disease. Previously we showed that tetravalent GM1 molecules were sub-nanomolar inhibitors of CTB5. In this study, we synthesized a pentavalent version and compared the binding and potency of penta- and tetravalent cholera toxin inhibitors, based on the same scaffold, for the first time. The pentavalent geometry did not yield major benefits over the tetravalent species, but it was still a strong inhibitor, and no major steric clashes occurred when binding the toxin. Thus, systems which can adopt more geometries, such as those described here, can be equally potent, and this may possibly be due to their ability to form higher-order structures or simply due to more statistical options for binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht University P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aliaksei V Pukin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht University P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H C Quarles van Ufford
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht University P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas R Branson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht University P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands ; School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique M E Thies-Weesie
- Van 't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Gerben M Visser
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University PO Box 80.165, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht University P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Barnard A, Miles JA, Burslem GM, Barker AM, Wilson AJ. Multivalent helix mimetics for PPI-inhibition. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:258-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A multivalent helix mimetic is developed that inhibits the p53/hDM2 and induces dimerization/aggregation of its target – hDM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barnard
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology
| | - Jennifer A. Miles
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology
| | - George M. Burslem
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology
| | - Amy M. Barker
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology
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16
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Avinash MB, Govindaraju T. Nanoarchitectonics of biomolecular assemblies for functional applications. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:13348-69. [PMID: 25287110 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04340e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The stringent processes of natural selection and evolution have enabled extraordinary structure-function properties of biomolecules. Specifically, the archetypal designs of biomolecules, such as amino acids, nucleobases, carbohydrates and lipids amongst others, encode unparalleled information, selectivity and specificity. The integration of biomolecules either with functional molecules or with an embodied functionality ensures an eclectic approach for novel and advanced nanotechnological applications ranging from electronics to biomedicine, besides bright prospects in systems chemistry and synthetic biology. Given this intriguing scenario, our feature article intends to shed light on the emerging field of functional biomolecular engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Avinash
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit (NCU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P. O., Bangalore 560064, India.
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17
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Branson TR, McAllister TE, Garcia-Hartjes J, Fascione MA, Ross JF, Warriner SL, Wennekes T, Zuilhof H, Turnbull WB. A protein-based pentavalent inhibitor of the cholera toxin B-subunit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8323-7. [PMID: 24989497 PMCID: PMC4499251 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein toxins produced by bacteria are the cause of many life-threatening diarrheal diseases. Many of these toxins, including cholera toxin (CT), enter the cell by first binding to glycolipids in the cell membrane. Inhibiting these multivalent protein/carbohydrate interactions would prevent the toxin from entering cells and causing diarrhea. Here we demonstrate that the site-specific modification of a protein scaffold, which is perfectly matched in both size and valency to the target toxin, provides a convenient route to an effective multivalent inhibitor. The resulting pentavalent neoglycoprotein displays an inhibition potency (IC50) of 104 pM for the CT B-subunit (CTB), which is the most potent pentavalent inhibitor for this target reported thus far. Complexation of the inhibitor and CTB resulted in a protein heterodimer. This inhibition strategy can potentially be applied to many multivalent receptors and also opens up new possibilities for protein assembly strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Branson
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT (UK)
| | - Tom E McAllister
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT (UK)
| | - Jaime Garcia-Hartjes
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen UniversityDreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Martin A Fascione
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT (UK)
| | - James F Ross
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT (UK)
| | - Stuart L Warriner
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT (UK)
| | - Tom Wennekes
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen UniversityDreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen UniversityDreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen (The Netherlands)
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah (Saudi-Arabia)
| | - W Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT (UK)
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18
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Förstner P, Bayer F, Kalu N, Felsen S, Förtsch C, Aloufi A, Ng DYW, Weil T, Nestorovich EM, Barth H. Cationic PAMAM dendrimers as pore-blocking binary toxin inhibitors. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2461-74. [PMID: 24954629 PMCID: PMC4215879 DOI: 10.1021/bm500328v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are unique highly branched macromolecules with numerous groundbreaking biomedical applications under development. Here we identified poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers as novel blockers for the pore-forming B components of the binary anthrax toxin (PA63) and Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin (C2IIa). These pores are essential for delivery of the enzymatic A components of the internalized toxins from endosomes into the cytosol of target cells. We demonstrate that at low μM concentrations cationic PAMAM dendrimers block PA63 and C2IIa to inhibit channel-mediated transport of the A components, thereby protecting HeLa and Vero cells from intoxication. By channel reconstitution and high-resolution current recording, we show that the PAMAM dendrimers obstruct transmembrane PA63 and C2IIa pores in planar lipid bilayers at nM concentrations. These findings suggest a new potential role for the PAMAM dendrimers as effective polyvalent channel-blocking inhibitors, which can protect human target cells from intoxication with binary toxins from pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Förstner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ulm Medical Center , D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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19
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Branson TR, McAllister TE, Garcia-Hartjes J, Fascione MA, Ross JF, Warriner SL, Wennekes T, Zuilhof H, Turnbull WB. A Protein-Based Pentavalent Inhibitor of the Cholera Toxin B-Subunit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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20
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Sutkeviciute I, Thépaut M, Sattin S, Berzi A, McGeagh J, Grudinin S, Weiser J, Le Roy A, Reina JJ, Rojo J, Clerici M, Bernardi A, Ebel C, Fieschi F. Unique DC-SIGN clustering activity of a small glycomimetic: A lesson for ligand design. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1377-85. [PMID: 24749535 DOI: 10.1021/cb500054h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
DC-SIGN is a dendritic cell-specific C-type lectin receptor that recognizes highly glycosylated ligands expressed on the surface of various pathogens. This receptor plays an important role in the early stages of many viral infections, including HIV, which makes it an interesting therapeutic target. Glycomimetic compounds are good drug candidates for DC-SIGN inhibition due to their high solubility, resistance to glycosidases, and nontoxicity. We studied the structural properties of the interaction of the tetrameric DC-SIGN extracellular domain (ECD), with two glycomimetic antagonists, a pseudomannobioside (1) and a linear pseudomannotrioside (2). Though the inhibitory potency of 2, as measured by SPR competition experiments, was 1 order of magnitude higher than that of 1, crystal structures of the complexes within the DC-SIGN carbohydrate recognition domain showed the same binding mode for both compounds. Moreover, when conjugated to multivalent scaffolds, the inhibitory potencies of these compounds became uniform. Combining isothermal titration microcalorimetry, analytical ultracentrifugation, and dynamic light scattering techniques to study DC-SIGN ECD interaction with these glycomimetics revealed that 2 is able, without any multivalent presentation, to cluster DC-SIGN tetramers leading to an artificially overestimated inhibitory potency. The use of multivalent scaffolds presenting 1 or 2 in HIV trans-infection inhibition assay confirms the loss of potency of 2 upon conjugation and the equal efficacy of chemically simpler compound 1. This study documents a unique case where, among two active compounds chemically derived, the compound with the lower apparent activity is the optimal lead for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Sutkeviciute
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble F-38027, France
- CNRS, IBS Grenoble F-38000, France
- CEA, DSV-IBS, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Michel Thépaut
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble F-38027, France
- CNRS, IBS Grenoble F-38000, France
- CEA, DSV-IBS, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Sara Sattin
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Universita’ di Milano, via Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Angela Berzi
- Department
of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20157, Italy
| | - John McGeagh
- Anterio Consult&Research GmbH, Augustaanlage 23, Mannheim D-68165, Germany
| | - Sergei Grudinin
- INRIA Grenoble, Saint Ismier Cedex F-38334, France
- CNRS Laboratoire
Jean Kuntzmann, Grenoble 38041, France
| | - Jörg Weiser
- Anterio Consult&Research GmbH, Augustaanlage 23, Mannheim D-68165, Germany
| | - Aline Le Roy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble F-38027, France
- CNRS, IBS Grenoble F-38000, France
- CEA, DSV-IBS, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Jose J. Reina
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC−Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC−Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department
of Physiopatology and Transplantation, University of Milan and Don C. Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS, Milan 20148, Italy
| | - Anna Bernardi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Universita’ di Milano, via Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Christine Ebel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble F-38027, France
- CNRS, IBS Grenoble F-38000, France
- CEA, DSV-IBS, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble F-38027, France
- CNRS, IBS Grenoble F-38000, France
- CEA, DSV-IBS, Grenoble F-38000, France
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21
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Hudak JE, Bertozzi CR. Glycotherapy: new advances inspire a reemergence of glycans in medicine. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2014; 21:16-37. [PMID: 24269151 PMCID: PMC4111574 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The beginning of the 20(th) century marked the dawn of modern medicine with glycan-based therapies at the forefront. However, glycans quickly became overshadowed as DNA- and protein-focused treatments became readily accessible. The recent development of new tools and techniques to study and produce structurally defined carbohydrates has spurred renewed interest in the therapeutic applications of glycans. This review focuses on advances within the past decade that are bringing glycan-based treatments back to the forefront of medicine and the technologies that are driving these efforts. These include the use of glycans themselves as therapeutic molecules as well as engineering protein and cell surface glycans to suit clinical applications. Glycan therapeutics offer a rich and promising frontier for developments in the academic, biopharmaceutical, and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Hudak
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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22
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Bernardi A, Jiménez-Barbero J, Casnati A, De Castro C, Darbre T, Fieschi F, Finne J, Funken H, Jaeger KE, Lahmann M, Lindhorst TK, Marradi M, Messner P, Molinaro A, Murphy PV, Nativi C, Oscarson S, Penadés S, Peri F, Pieters RJ, Renaudet O, Reymond JL, Richichi B, Rojo J, Sansone F, Schäffer C, Turnbull WB, Velasco-Torrijos T, Vidal S, Vincent S, Wennekes T, Zuilhof H, Imberty A. Multivalent glycoconjugates as anti-pathogenic agents. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4709-27. [PMID: 23254759 PMCID: PMC4399576 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35408j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multivalency plays a major role in biological processes and particularly in the relationship between pathogenic microorganisms and their host that involves protein-glycan recognition. These interactions occur during the first steps of infection, for specific recognition between host and bacteria, but also at different stages of the immune response. The search for high-affinity ligands for studying such interactions involves the combination of carbohydrate head groups with different scaffolds and linkers generating multivalent glycocompounds with controlled spatial and topology parameters. By interfering with pathogen adhesion, such glycocompounds including glycopolymers, glycoclusters, glycodendrimers and glyconanoparticles have the potential to improve or replace antibiotic treatments that are now subverted by resistance. Multivalent glycoconjugates have also been used for stimulating the innate and adaptive immune systems, for example with carbohydrate-based vaccines. Bacteria present on their surfaces natural multivalent glycoconjugates such as lipopolysaccharides and S-layers that can also be exploited or targeted in anti-infectious strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bernardi
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale and Centro di Eccellenza CISI, via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Casnati
- Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Chimica, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Tamis Darbre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, 41 rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
| | - Jukka Finne
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Horst Funken
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-42425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-42425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Martina Lahmann
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Deiniol Road Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Thisbe K. Lindhorst
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marco Marradi
- Laboratory of GlycoNanotechnology, CIC biomaGUNE and CIBER-BBN, P1 de Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Paul Messner
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paul V. Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia, 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino – Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Soledad Penadés
- Laboratory of GlycoNanotechnology, CIC biomaGUNE and CIBER-BBN, P1 de Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Francesco Peri
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Roland J. Pieters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Renaudet
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-CNRS 5250 & ICMG FR 2607, Université Joseph Fourier, BP53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia, 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino – Firenze, Italy
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC – Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio, 49, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Francesco Sansone
- Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Chimica, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - W. Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Sébastien Vidal
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stéphane Vincent
- University of Namur (FUNDP), Département de Chimie, Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique, rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Tom Wennekes
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anne Imberty
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV – CNRS), affiliated with Grenoble-Université and ICMG, F-38041 Grenoble, France
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23
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Garcia-Hartjes J, Bernardi S, Weijers CAGM, Wennekes T, Gilbert M, Sansone F, Casnati A, Zuilhof H. Picomolar inhibition of cholera toxin by a pentavalent ganglioside GM1os-calix[5]arene. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4340-9. [PMID: 23689250 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40515j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cholera toxin (CT), the causative agent of cholera, displays a pentavalent binding domain that targets the oligosaccharide of ganglioside GM1 (GM1os) on the periphery of human abdominal epithelial cells. Here, we report the first GM1os-based CT inhibitor that matches the valency of the CT binding domain (CTB). This pentavalent inhibitor contains five GM1os moieties linked to a calix[5]arene scaffold. When evaluated by an inhibition assay, it achieved a picomolar inhibition potency (IC50 = 450 pM) for CTB. This represents a significant multivalency effect, with a relative inhibitory potency of 100,000 compared to a monovalent GM1os derivative, making GM1os-calix[5]arene one of the most potent known CTB inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Garcia-Hartjes
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Reynolds M, Marradi M, Imberty A, Penadés S, Pérez S. Influence of ligand presentation density on the molecular recognition of mannose-functionalised glyconanoparticles by bacterial lectin BC2L-A. Glycoconj J 2013; 30:747-57. [PMID: 23666402 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-013-9478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyvalent carbohydrate-protein interactions play a key role in bio- and pathological processes, including cell-cell communication and pathogen invasion. In order to study, control and manipulate these interactions gold nanoparticles have been employed as a 3D scaffold, presenting carbohydrate ligands in a multivalent fashion for use as high affinity binding partners and a model system for oligosaccharide presentation at biomacromolecular surfaces. In this study, the binding of a series of mannose-functionalised gold nanoparticles to the dimeric BC2L-A lectin from Burkholderia cenocepacia has been evaluated. BC2L-A is known to exhibit a high specificity for (oligo)mannosides. Due to the unique structure and binding nature of this lectin, it provides a useful tool to study (oligo)saccharides presented on multivalent scaffolds. Surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetric assays were used to investigate the effect of ligand presentation density towards binding to the bacterial lectin. We show how a combination of structural complementarities between ligand presentation and lectin architecture and statistical re-binding effects are important for increasing the avidity of multivalent ligands for recognition by their protein receptors; further demonstrating the application of glyconanotechnology towards fundamental glycobiology research as well as a potential towards biomedical diagnostics and therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Reynolds
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV - CNRS), affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble and ICMG, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France
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25
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Varga N, Sutkeviciute I, Guzzi C, McGeagh J, Petit-Haertlein I, Gugliotta S, Weiser J, Angulo J, Fieschi F, Bernardi A. Selective Targeting of Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-3-Grabbing Nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) with Mannose-Based Glycomimetics: Synthesis and Interaction Studies of Bis(benzylamide) Derivatives of a Pseudomannobioside. Chemistry 2013; 19:4786-97. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Chabre YM, Roy R. Multivalent glycoconjugate syntheses and applications using aromatic scaffolds. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4657-708. [PMID: 23400414 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35483k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycan-protein interactions are of utmost importance in several biological phenomena. Although the variety of carbohydrate residues in mammalian cells is limited to less than a dozen different sugars, their spatial topographical presentation in what is now associated as the "glycocodes" provides the fundamental keys for specific and high affinity "lock-in" recognition events associated with a wide range of pathologies. Toward deciphering our understanding of these glycocodes, chemists have developed new creative tools that included dendrimer chemistry in order to provide monodisperse multivalent glycoconjugates. This review provides a survey of the numerous aromatic architectures generated for the multivalent presentation of relevant carbohydrates using covalent attachment or supramolecular self-assemblies. The basic concepts toward their controlled syntheses will be described using modern synthetic procedures with a particular emphasis on powerful organometallic methodologies. The large variety of dendritic aromatic scaffolds, together with a brief survey of their unique biophysical and biological properties will be critically reviewed. The distinctiveness of the resulting multivalent glycoarchitectures, encompassing glycoclusters, glycodendrimers and molecularly defined self-assemblies, in forming well organized cross-linked lattices with multivalent carbohydrate binding proteins (lectins) together with their photophysical, medical, and imaging properties will also be briefly highlighted. The topic will be presented in increasing order of aromatic backbone complexities and will end with fullerenes together with self-assembled nanostructures, thus complementing the various scaffolds described in this special thematic issue dedicated to multivalent glycoscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann M Chabre
- Pharmaqam - Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8
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Branson TR, Turnbull WB. Bacterial toxininhibitors based on multivalent scaffolds. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4613-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35430f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Tompa P. Hydrogel formation by multivalent IDPs: A reincarnation of the microtrabecular lattice? INTRINSICALLY DISORDERED PROTEINS 2013; 1:e24068. [PMID: 28516006 PMCID: PMC5424804 DOI: 10.4161/idp.24068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Based on high-voltage electron microscopic (HVEM) data of fixed cultured cells, an elaborate three-dimensional network of filaments, including and interconnecting other elements of the cytoskeleton, was observed in cells some half a century ago. Despite many attempts and comparative studies, this “microtrabecular lattice” (MTL) of the cytoplasmic ground substance could not be established as a genuine component of the eukaryotic cell, and is mostly considered today as a sample-preparation artifact of protein adherence and cross-linking to the cytoskeleton. Here we elaborate on the provocative idea that recent observations of hydrogel-forming phase transitions of repetitive regions of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) bear resemblance in creation, organization and physical appearance to the MTL. We review this phenomenon in detail, and suggest that phase transitions of actin regulatory proteins, neurofilament side-arms and other proteins could generate non-uniform spatial distribution of cytoplasmic material in the vicinity of the cytoskeleton that might even give rise to fixation phenomena resembling the MTL. Whether such hydrogel formation by IDPs is a general physical phenomenon, will remain to be seen, nevertheless, the underlying organizational principle provokes novel experimental studies to uncover the ensuing higher-level regulation of cell physiology, in which the despised and long-forgotten concept of MTL might give some interesting leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tompa
- VIB Department of Structural Biology; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Enzymology; Research Centre for Natural Sciences; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest, Hungary
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Mattarella M, Garcia-Hartjes J, Wennekes T, Zuilhof H, Siegel JS. Nanomolar cholera toxininhibitors based on symmetrical pentavalent ganglioside GM1os-sym-corannulenes. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4333-4339. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40438b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Corannulene derivatives, functionalized,viacopper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions, with galactose and the ganglioside GM1-oligosaccharide (GM1os), were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the binding of cholera toxin to its natural ligand; in this assay, GM1os-sym-corannulenes proved to be nanomolar inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mattarella
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- 8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Tom Wennekes
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Wageningen University
- Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Wageningen University
- Wageningen
- The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
| | - Jay S. Siegel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- 8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
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Wittmann V, Pieters RJ. Bridging lectin binding sites by multivalent carbohydrates. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4492-503. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60089k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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31
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Fasting C, Schalley CA, Weber M, Seitz O, Hecht S, Koksch B, Dernedde J, Graf C, Knapp EW, Haag R. Multivalenz als chemisches Organisations- und Wirkprinzip. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fasting C, Schalley CA, Weber M, Seitz O, Hecht S, Koksch B, Dernedde J, Graf C, Knapp EW, Haag R. Multivalency as a Chemical Organization and Action Principle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10472-98. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 688] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Fülöp L, Mándity IM, Juhász G, Szegedi V, Hetényi A, Wéber E, Bozsó Z, Simon D, Benkő M, Király Z, Martinek TA. A foldamer-dendrimer conjugate neutralizes synaptotoxic β-amyloid oligomers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39485. [PMID: 22859942 PMCID: PMC3408453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Unnatural self-organizing biomimetic polymers (foldamers) emerged as promising materials for biomolecule recognition and inhibition. Our goal was to construct multivalent foldamer-dendrimer conjugates which wrap the synaptotoxic β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers with high affinity through their helical foldamer tentacles. Oligomeric Aβ species play pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease, therefore recognition and direct inhibition of this undruggable target is a great current challenge. METHODS AND RESULTS Short helical β-peptide foldamers with designed secondary structures and side chain chemistry patterns were applied as potential recognition segments and their binding to the target was tested with NMR methods (saturation transfer difference and transferred-nuclear Overhauser effect). Helices exhibiting binding in the µM region were coupled to a tetravalent G0-PAMAM dendrimer. In vitro biophysical (isothermal titration calorimetry, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and size-exclusion chromatography) and biochemical tests (ELISA and dot blot) indicated the tight binding between the foldamer conjugates and the Aβ oligomers. Moreover, a selective low nM interaction with the low molecular weight fraction of the Aβ oligomers was found. Ex vivo electrophysiological experiments revealed that the new material rescues the long-term potentiation from the toxic Aβ oligomers in mouse hippocampal slices at submicromolar concentration. CONCLUSIONS The combination of the foldamer methodology, the fragment-based approach and the multivalent design offers a pathway to unnatural protein mimetics that are capable of specific molecular recognition, and has already resulted in an inhibitor for an extremely difficult target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Fülöp
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István M. Mándity
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktor Szegedi
- Bay Zoltán Foundation for Applied Research – BAYGEN, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Edit Wéber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bozsó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Simon
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Benkő
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Király
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás A. Martinek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Ivarsson ME, Leroux JC, Castagner B. Targeting bacterial toxins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4024-45. [PMID: 22441768 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201104384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein toxins constitute the main virulence factors of several species of bacteria and have proven to be attractive targets for drug development. Lead candidates that target bacterial toxins range from small molecules to polymeric binders, and act at each of the multiple steps in the process of toxin-mediated pathogenicity. Despite recent and significant advances in the field, a rationally designed drug that targets toxins has yet to reach the market. This Review presents the state of the art in bacterial toxin targeted drug development with a critical consideration of achieved breakthroughs and withstanding challenges. The discussion focuses on A-B-type protein toxins secreted by four species of bacteria, namely Clostridium difficile (toxins A and B), Vibrio cholerae (cholera toxin), enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (Shiga toxin), and Bacillus anthracis (anthrax toxin), which are the causative agents of diseases for which treatments need to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias E Ivarsson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, Zurich, Switzerland
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Cloninger MJ, Bilgiçer B, Li L, Mangold SL, Phillips ST, Wolfenden ML. Multivalency. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Phase transitions in the assembly of multivalent signalling proteins. Nature 2012; 483:336-40. [PMID: 22398450 PMCID: PMC3343696 DOI: 10.1038/nature10879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1629] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cells are organized on length scales ranging from Angstroms to microns. However, the mechanisms by which Angstrom-scale molecular properties are translated to micron-scale macroscopic properties are not well understood. Here we show that interactions between diverse, synthetic multivalent macromolecules (including multi-domain proteins and RNA) produce sharp, liquid-liquid demixing phase separations, generating micron-sized liquid droplets in aqueous solution. This macroscopic transition corresponds to a molecular transition between small complexes and large, dynamic supramolecular polymers. The concentrations needed for phase transition are directly related to valency of the interacting species. In the case of the actin regulatory protein, neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein (N-WASP) interacting with its established biological partners Nck and phosphorylated nephrin1, the phase transition corresponds to a sharp increase in activity toward the actin nucleation factor, Arp2/3 complex. The transition is governed by the degree of phosphorylation of nephrin, explaining how this property of the system can be controlled to regulatory effect by kinases. The widespread occurrence of multivalent systems suggests that phase transitions are likely used to spatially organize and biochemically regulate information throughout biology.
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Reynolds M, Marradi M, Imberty A, Penadés S, Pérez S. Multivalent Gold Glycoclusters: High Affinity Molecular Recognition by Bacterial Lectin PA-IL. Chemistry 2012; 18:4264-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mintzer MA, Dane EL, O'Toole GA, Grinstaff MW. Exploiting dendrimer multivalency to combat emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Mol Pharm 2011; 9:342-54. [PMID: 22126461 DOI: 10.1021/mp2005033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and re-emergence of bacterial strains that are resistant to current antibiotics reveal the clinical need for new agents that possess broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Furthermore, bacteriophobic coatings that repel bacteria are important for medical devices, as the lifetime, reliability, and performance of implant devices are hindered by bacterial adhesion and infection. Dendrimers, a specific class of monodisperse macromolecules, have recently shown potential to function as both antibacterial agents and antimicrobial surface coatings. This review discusses the limitations with currently used antibacterial agents and describes how various classes of dendrimers, including glycodendrimers, cationic dendrimers, anionic dendrimers, and peptide dendrimers, have the potential to improve upon or replace certain antibiotics. Furthermore, the unexplored areas in this field of research will be mentioned to present opportunities for additional studies regarding the use of dendrimers as antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Mintzer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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Mandal PK, Turnbull WB. Studies on the synthesis of Lewis-y oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:2113-20. [PMID: 21851931 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lewis-y histo-blood group oligosaccharides are tumour-associated antigens prevalent in several different types of cancer, and they may also be secondary ligands for bacterial toxins from Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae. The key step in the synthesis of these sterically congested oligosaccharides involves difucosylation of partially protected lactosamine derivatives. Existing methods require either prolonged reaction times or elaborate glycosyl donors to ensure high stereoselectivity. Herein we report an optimised procedure for using a simple thioglycoside donor that leads to the desired products in high yield and excellent stereoselectivity. It is found that initial glycosylation of the 3'-hydroxy group of lactosamine derivatives in dichloromethane solution can inhibit subsequent glycosylation at the 2-position; however, reaction in toluene solution leads to Lewis-y oligosaccharides in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pintu K Mandal
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Deniaud D, Julienne K, Gouin SG. Insights in the rational design of synthetic multivalent glycoconjugates as lectin ligands. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:966-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00389a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Reynolds M, Pérez S. Thermodynamics and chemical characterization of protein–carbohydrate interactions: The multivalency issue. CR CHIM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2010.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Parera Pera N, Branderhorst HM, Kooij R, Maierhofer C, van der Kaaden M, Liskamp RMJ, Wittmann V, Ruijtenbeek R, Pieters RJ. Rapid Screening of Lectins for Multivalency Effects with a Glycodendrimer Microarray. Chembiochem 2010; 11:1896-904. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Schierholt A, Hartmann M, Schwekendiek K, Lindhorst TK. Cysteine-Based Mannoside Glycoclusters: Synthetic Routes and Antiadhesive Properties. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Holmner A, Mackenzie A, Krengel U. Molecular basis of cholera blood-group dependence and implications for a world characterized by climate change. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:2548-55. [PMID: 20417206 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Climate change has the potential to increase the threat of water-borne diseases, through rises in temperature and sea-level, and precipitation variability. Cholera poses a particular threat, and the need to develop better intervention tools is imminent. Cholera infections are particularly severe for blood group O individuals, who are less protected by the current vaccines. Here we derive a hypothesis as to the molecular origins of blood-group dependence of this disease, based on relevant epidemiological, clinical and molecular data, and give suggestions on how to plan prevention strategies, and develop novel and improved pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Holmner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Västerbotten County Council, Umeå, Sweden
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Abstract
From the authors' opinion, this chapter constitutes a modest extension of the seminal and inspiring contribution of Stowell and Lee on neoglycoconjugates published in this series [C. P. Stowell and Y. C. Lee, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem., 37 (1980) 225-281]. The outstanding progresses achieved since then in the field of the "glycoside cluster effect" has witnessed considerable creativity in the design and synthetic strategies toward a vast array of novel carbohydrate structures and reflects the dynamic activity in the field even since the recent chapter by the Nicotra group in this series [F. Nicotra, L. Cipolla, F. Peri, B. La Ferla, and C. Radaelli, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem., 61 (2007) 353-398]. Beyond the more classical neoglycoproteins and glycopolymers (not covered in this work) a wide range of unprecedented and often artistically beautiful multivalent and monodisperse nanostructures, termed glycodendrimers for the first time in 1993, has been created. This chapter briefly surveys the concept of multivalency involved in carbohydrate-protein interactions. The topic is also discussed in regard to recent steps undertaken in glycobiology toward identification of lead candidates using microarrays and modern analytical tools. A systematic description of glycocluster and glycodendrimer synthesis follows, starting from the simplest architectures and ending in the most complex ones. Presentation of multivalent glycostructures of intermediate size and comprising, calix[n]arene, porphyrin, cyclodextrin, peptide, and carbohydrate scaffolds, has also been intercalated to better appreciate the growing synthetic complexity involved. A subsection describing novel all-carbon-based glycoconjugates such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes is inserted, followed by a promising strategy involving dendrons self-assembling around metal chelates. The chapter then ends with those glycodendrimers that have been prepared using commercially available dendrimers possessing varied functionalities, or systematically synthesized using either divergent or convergent strategies.
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Zhang G. Design andin silicoscreening of inhibitors of the cholera toxin. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2009; 4:923-38. [DOI: 10.1517/17460440903186118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Pieters RJ. Maximising multivalency effects in protein–carbohydrate interactions. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:2013-25. [DOI: 10.1039/b901828j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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