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Cook TB, Pfleger BF. Leveraging synthetic biology for producing bioactive polyketides and non-ribosomal peptides in bacterial heterologous hosts. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:668-681. [PMID: 31191858 PMCID: PMC6540960 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00055k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria have historically been a rich source of natural products (e.g. polyketides and non-ribosomal peptides) that possess medically-relevant activities. Despite extensive discovery programs in both industry and academia, a plethora of biosynthetic pathways remain uncharacterized and the corresponding molecular products untested for potential bioactivities. This knowledge gap comes in part from the fact that many putative natural product producers have not been cultured in conventional laboratory settings in which the corresponding products are produced at detectable levels. Next-generation sequencing technologies are further increasing the knowledge gap by obtaining metagenomic sequence information from complex communities where production of the desired compound cannot be isolated in the laboratory. For these reasons, many groups are turning to synthetic biology to produce putative natural products in heterologous hosts. This strategy depends on the ability to heterologously express putative biosynthetic gene clusters and produce relevant quantities of the corresponding products. Actinobacteria remain the most abundant source of natural products and the most promising heterologous hosts for natural product discovery and production. However, researchers are discovering more natural products from other groups of bacteria, such as myxobacteria and cyanobacteria. Therefore, phylogenetically similar heterologous hosts have become promising candidates for synthesizing these novel molecules. The downside of working with these microbes is the lack of well-characterized genetic tools for optimizing expression of gene clusters and product titers. This review examines heterologous expression of natural product gene clusters in terms of the motivations for this research, the traits desired in an ideal host, tools available to the field, and a survey of recent progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Cook
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1415 Engineering Dr. Room 3629 , Madison , WI 53706 , USA .
| | - Brian F Pfleger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1415 Engineering Dr. Room 3629 , Madison , WI 53706 , USA .
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Liu T, Mazmouz R, Neilan BA. An In Vitro and In Vivo Study of Broad-Range Phosphopantetheinyl Transferases for Heterologous Expression of Cyanobacterial Natural Products. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:1143-1151. [PMID: 29562128 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphopantetheinyl transferases catalyze the post-translational modification of carrier proteins involved in both primary and secondary metabolism. The functional expression of polyketide synthases and nonribosomal peptide synthetases requires the activation of all carrier protein domains by phosphopantetheinyl transferases. Here we describe the characterization of five bacterial phosphopantetheinyl transferases by their substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency of four cyanobacterial carrier proteins. Comparative in vitro phosphopantetheinylation analysis showed Sfp possesses the highest catalytic efficiency over various carrier proteins. In vivo coexpression of phosphopantetheinyl transferases with carrier proteins revealed a broad range substrate specificity of phosphopantetheinyl transferases; all studied phosphopantetheinyl transferases were capable of converting apo- carrier proteins, sourced from diverse biosynthetic enzymes, to their active holo form. Phosphopantetheinyl transferase coexpression with the hybrid nonribosomal peptide synthetases/polyketide synthases responsible for microcystin biosynthesis confirmed that the higher in vitro activity of Sfp translated in vivo to a higher yield of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhe Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rabia Mazmouz
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Brett A. Neilan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Yang G, Cozad MA, Holland DA, Zhang Y, Luesch H, Ding Y. Photosynthetic Production of Sunscreen Shinorine Using an Engineered Cyanobacterium. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:664-671. [PMID: 29304277 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are secondary metabolites of a variety of marine organisms including cyanobacteria and macroalgae. These compounds have strong ultraviolet (UV) absorption maxima between 310 and 362 nm and are biological sunscreens for counteracting the damaging effects of UV radiation in nature. The common MAA shinorine has been used as one key active ingredient of environmentally friendly sunscreen creams. Commercially used shinorine is isolated from one red algae that is generally harvested from the wild. Here, we describe the use of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 as a host for the heterologous production of shinorine. We mined a shinorine gene cluster from the filamentous cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. PCC9339. When expressing the cluster in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, we observed the production of shinorine using LC-MS analysis, but its productivity was three times lower than the native producer. Integrated transcriptional and metabolic profiling identified rate-limiting steps in the heterologous production of shinorine. The use of multiple promoters led to a 10-fold increase of its yield to 2.37 ± 0.21 mg/g dry biomass weight, comparable to commercially used shinorine producer. The UV protection of shinorine was further confirmed using the engineered Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. This work was the first time to demonstrate the photosynthetic overproduction of MAA. The results suggest that Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 can have broad applications as the synthetic biology chassis to produce other cyanobacterial natural products, expediting the translation of genomes into chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Monica A. Cozad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Destin A. Holland
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Yousong Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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Cyanobacterial Sfp-type phosphopantetheinyl transferases functionalize carrier proteins of diverse biosynthetic pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11888. [PMID: 28928426 PMCID: PMC5605751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria produce structurally and functionally diverse polyketides, nonribosomal peptides and their hybrids. Sfp-type phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTases) are essential to the production of these compounds via functionalizing carrier proteins (CPs) of biosynthetic megaenzymes. However, cyanobacterial Sfp-type PPTases remain poorly characterized, posing a significant barrier to the exploitation of cyanobacteria for biotechnological and biomedical applications. Herein, we describe the detailed characterization of multiple cyanobacterial Sfp-type PPTases that were rationally selected. Biochemical characterization of these enzymes along with the prototypic enzyme Sfp from Bacillus subtilis demonstrated their varying specificities toward 11 recombinant CPs of different types of biosynthetic pathways from cyanobacterial and Streptomyces strains. Kinetic analysis further indicated that PPTases possess the higher binding affinity and catalytic efficiency toward their cognate CPs in comparison with noncognate substrates. Moreover, when chromosomally replacing the native PPTase gene of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, two selected cyanobacterial PPTases and Sfp supported the growth of resulted mutants. Cell lysates of the cyanobacterial mutants further functionalized recombinant CP substrates. Collectively, these studies reveal the versatile catalysis of selected cyanobacterial PPTases and provide new tools to synthesize cyanobacterial natural products using in vitro and in vivo synthetic biology approaches.
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Zhang MM, Wang Y, Ang EL, Zhao H. Engineering microbial hosts for production of bacterial natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:963-87. [PMID: 27072804 PMCID: PMC4963277 DOI: 10.1039/c6np00017g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Covering up to end 2015Microbial fermentation provides an attractive alternative to chemical synthesis for the production of structurally complex natural products. In most cases, however, production titers are low and need to be improved for compound characterization and/or commercial production. Owing to advances in functional genomics and genetic engineering technologies, microbial hosts can be engineered to overproduce a desired natural product, greatly accelerating the traditionally time-consuming strain improvement process. This review covers recent developments and challenges in the engineering of native and heterologous microbial hosts for the production of bacterial natural products, focusing on the genetic tools and strategies for strain improvement. Special emphasis is placed on bioactive secondary metabolites from actinomycetes. The considerations for the choice of host systems will also be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzi M Zhang
- Metabolic Engineering Research Laboratory, Science and Engineering Institutes, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
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Characterization of Discrete Phosphopantetheinyl Transferases in Streptomyces tsukubaensis L19 Unveils a Complicate Phosphopantetheinylation Network. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24255. [PMID: 27052100 PMCID: PMC4823652 DOI: 10.1038/srep24255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTases) play essential roles in both primary metabolisms and secondary metabolisms via post-translational modification of acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) and peptidyl carrier proteins (PCPs). In this study, an industrial FK506 producing strain Streptomyces tsukubaensis L19, together with Streptomyces avermitilis, was identified to contain the highest number (five) of discrete PPTases known among any species thus far examined. Characterization of the five PPTases in S. tsukubaensis L19 unveiled that stw ACP, an ACP in a type II PKS, was phosphopantetheinylated by three PPTases FKPPT1, FKPPT3, and FKACPS; sts FAS ACP, the ACP in fatty acid synthase (FAS), was phosphopantetheinylated by three PPTases FKPPT2, FKPPT3, and FKACPS; TcsA-ACP, an ACP involved in FK506 biosynthesis, was phosphopantetheinylated by two PPTases FKPPT3 and FKACPS; FkbP-PCP, an PCP involved in FK506 biosynthesis, was phosphopantetheinylated by all of these five PPTases FKPPT1-4 and FKACPS. Our results here indicate that the functions of these PPTases complement each other for ACPs/PCPs substrates, suggesting a complicate phosphopantetheinylation network in S. tsukubaensis L19. Engineering of these PPTases in S. tsukubaensis L19 resulted in a mutant strain that can improve FK506 production.
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Wang YY, Zhang XS, Ren NN, Guo YY, Jiang XH, Jiang H, Li YD, Li YQ. Two bacterial group II phosphopantetheinyl transferases involved in both primary metabolism and secondary metabolism. Curr Microbiol 2014; 70:390-7. [PMID: 25413605 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It is known that bacterial group II phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTases) usually phosphopantetheinylate acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) involved in the secondary metabolism. For example, a bacterial group II PPTase SchPPT has been known to phosphopantetheinylate only ACPs involved in secondary metabolism, such as scn ACP0-2 and scn ACP7. In this study, we found two bacterial group II PPTases, Hppt and Sppt, could phosphopantetheinylate not only scn ACP0-2 and scn ACP7, but also sch FAS ACP, an ACP involved in primary metabolism. Swapping of the N terminus and C terminus of PPTases showed that (i) both the hybrids Hppt-Sppt and Sppt-Hppt could phosphopantetheinylate sch FAS ACP but not scn ACP0-2; (ii) both the hybrids Sppt-SchPPT and SchPPT-Sppt lost abilities to phosphopantetheinylate sch FAS ACP and scn ACP0-2. Hppt and Sppt represent group II PPTases which phosphopantetheinylate both ACPs involved in primary metabolism and ACPs involved in secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Wang YY, Li YD, Liu JB, Ran XX, Guo YY, Ren NN, Chen X, Jiang H, Li YQ. Characterization and evolutionary implications of the triad Asp-Xxx-Glu in group II phosphopantetheinyl transferases. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103031. [PMID: 25036863 PMCID: PMC4103896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTases), which play an essential role in both primary and secondary metabolism, are magnesium binding enzymes. In this study, we characterized the magnesium binding residues of all known group II PPTases by biochemical and evolutionary analysis. Our results suggested that group II PPTases could be classified into two subgroups, two-magnesium-binding-residue-PPTases containing the triad Asp-Xxx-Glu and three-magnesium-binding-residue-PPTases containing the triad Asp-Glu-Glu. Mutations of two three-magnesium-binding-residue-PPTases and one two-magnesium-binding-residue-PPTase indicate that the first and the third residues in the triads are essential to activities; the second residues in the triads are non-essential. Although variations of the second residues in the triad Asp-Xxx-Glu exist throughout the whole phylogenetic tree, the second residues are conserved in animals, plants, algae, and most prokaryotes, respectively. Evolutionary analysis suggests that: the animal group II PPTases may originate from one common ancestor; the plant two-magnesium-binding-residue-PPTases may originate from one common ancestor; the plant three-magnesium-binding-residue-PPTases may derive from horizontal gene transfer from prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Dong Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Bo Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Xin Ran
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan-Yang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ni-Ni Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolism Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (HJ); (YQL)
| | - Yong-Quan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolism Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (HJ); (YQL)
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Bunet R, Riclea R, Laureti L, Hôtel L, Paris C, Girardet JM, Spiteller D, Dickschat JS, Leblond P, Aigle B. A single Sfp-type phosphopantetheinyl transferase plays a major role in the biosynthesis of PKS and NRPS derived metabolites in Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC23877. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87607. [PMID: 24498152 PMCID: PMC3909215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTases) are responsible for the activation of the carrier protein domains of the polyketide synthases (PKS), non ribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS) and fatty acid synthases (FAS). The analysis of the Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC23877 genome has revealed the presence of four putative PPTase encoding genes. One of these genes appears to be essential and is likely involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. Two other PPTase genes, samT0172 (alpN) and samL0372, are located within a type II PKS gene cluster responsible for the kinamycin production and an hybrid NRPS-PKS cluster involved in antimycin production, respectively, and their products were shown to be specifically involved in the biosynthesis of these secondary metabolites. Surprisingly, the fourth PPTase gene, which is not located within a secondary metabolite gene cluster, appears to play a pleiotropic role. Its product is likely involved in the activation of the acyl- and peptidyl-carrier protein domains within all the other PKS and NRPS complexes encoded by S. ambofaciens. Indeed, the deletion of this gene affects the production of the spiramycin and stambomycin macrolide antibiotics and of the grey spore pigment, all three being PKS-derived metabolites, as well as the production of the nonribosomally produced compounds, the hydroxamate siderophore coelichelin and the pyrrolamide antibiotic congocidine. In addition, this PPTase seems to act in concert with the product of samL0372 to activate the ACP and/or PCP domains of the antimycin biosynthesis cluster which is also responsible for the production of volatile lactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bunet
- Université de Lorraine, Dynamique des Génomes et Adaptation Microbienne, UMR 1128, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- INRA, Dynamique des Génomes et Adaptation Microbienne, UMR 1128, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Ramona Riclea
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Luisa Laureti
- Université de Lorraine, Dynamique des Génomes et Adaptation Microbienne, UMR 1128, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- INRA, Dynamique des Génomes et Adaptation Microbienne, UMR 1128, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Laurence Hôtel
- Université de Lorraine, Dynamique des Génomes et Adaptation Microbienne, UMR 1128, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- INRA, Dynamique des Génomes et Adaptation Microbienne, UMR 1128, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Cédric Paris
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Biomolécules, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Agronomie et des Industries Alimentaires, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Michel Girardet
- Université de Lorraine, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
- INRA,URAFPA, USC 340, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Dieter Spiteller
- Department of Biology, Chemical Ecology/Biological Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Pierre Leblond
- Université de Lorraine, Dynamique des Génomes et Adaptation Microbienne, UMR 1128, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- INRA, Dynamique des Génomes et Adaptation Microbienne, UMR 1128, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Bertrand Aigle
- Université de Lorraine, Dynamique des Génomes et Adaptation Microbienne, UMR 1128, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- INRA, Dynamique des Génomes et Adaptation Microbienne, UMR 1128, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- * E-mail:
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Beld J, Sonnenschein EC, Vickery CR, Noel JP, Burkart MD. The phosphopantetheinyl transferases: catalysis of a post-translational modification crucial for life. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:61-108. [PMID: 24292120 PMCID: PMC3918677 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70054b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2013. Although holo-acyl carrier protein synthase, AcpS, a phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase), was characterized in the 1960s, it was not until the publication of the landmark paper by Lambalot et al. in 1996 that PPTases garnered wide-spread attention being classified as a distinct enzyme superfamily. In the past two decades an increasing number of papers have been published on PPTases ranging from identification, characterization, structure determination, mutagenesis, inhibition, and engineering in synthetic biology. In this review, we comprehensively discuss all current knowledge on this class of enzymes that post-translationally install a 4'-phosphopantetheine arm on various carrier proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Beld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
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Ongley SE, Bian X, Neilan BA, Müller R. Recent advances in the heterologous expression of microbial natural product biosynthetic pathways. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:1121-38. [PMID: 23832108 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70034h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The heterologous expression of microbial natural product biosynthetic pathways coupled with advanced DNA engineering enables optimisation of product yields, functional elucidation of cryptic gene clusters, and generation of novel derivatives. This review summarises the recent advances in cloning and maintenance of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters for heterologous expression and the efforts fundamental for discovering novel natural products in the post-genomics era, with a focus on polyketide synthases (PKSs) and non-ribosomal polypeptide synthetases (NRPS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Ongley
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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12
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Gao Q, Wang W, Zhao H, Lu X. Effects of fatty acid activation on photosynthetic production of fatty acid-based biofuels in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2012; 5:17. [PMID: 22433663 PMCID: PMC3366867 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-5-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct conversion of solar energy and carbon dioxide to drop in fuel molecules in a single biological system can be achieved from fatty acid-based biofuels such as fatty alcohols and alkanes. These molecules have similar properties to fossil fuels but can be produced by photosynthetic cyanobacteria. RESULTS Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 mutant strains containing either overexpression or deletion of the slr1609 gene, which encodes an acyl-ACP synthetase (AAS), have been constructed. The complete segregation and deletion in all mutant strains was confirmed by PCR analysis. Blocking fatty acid activation by deleting slr1609 gene in wild-type Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 led to a doubling of the amount of free fatty acids and a decrease of alkane production by up to 90 percent. Overexpression of slr1609 gene in the wild-type Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 had no effect on the production of either free fatty acids or alkanes. Overexpression or deletion of slr1609 gene in the Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 mutant strain with the capability of making fatty alcohols by genetically introducing fatty acyl-CoA reductase respectively enhanced or reduced fatty alcohol production by 60 percent. CONCLUSIONS Fatty acid activation functionalized by the slr1609 gene is metabolically crucial for biosynthesis of fatty acid derivatives in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. It is necessary but not sufficient for efficient production of alkanes. Fatty alcohol production can be significantly improved by the overexpression of slr1609 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
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Primary Screening of the Bioactivity of Brackishwater Cyanobacteria: Toxicity of Crude Extracts to Artemia salina Larvae and Paracentrotus lividus Embryos. Mar Drugs 2010. [DOI: 10.3390/md8030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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14
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Lopes VR, Fernández N, Martins RF, Vasconcelos V. Primary screening of the bioactivity of brackishwater cyanobacteria: toxicity of crude extracts to Artemia salina larvae and Paracentrotus lividus embryos. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:471-82. [PMID: 20411110 PMCID: PMC2857359 DOI: 10.3390/md803471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of Gram-negative bacteria that produce an array of secondary compounds with selective bioactivity against vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, microalgae, fungi, bacteria, viruses and cell lines. The aim of this study was to assess the toxic effects of aqueous, methanolic and hexane crude extracts of benthic and picoplanktonic cyanobacteria isolated from estuarine environments, towards the nauplii of the brine shrimp Artemia salina and embryos of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The A. salina lethality test was used as a frontline screen and then complemented by the more specific sea urchin embryo-larval assay. Eighteen cyanobacterial isolates, belonging to the genera Cyanobium, Leptolyngbya, Microcoleus, Phormidium, Nodularia, Nostoc and Synechocystis, were tested. Aqueous extracts of cyanobacteria strains showed potent toxicity against A. salina, whereas in P. lividus, methanolic and aqueous extracts showed embryo toxicity, with clear effects on development during early stages. The results suggest that the brackishwater cyanobacteria are producers of bioactive compounds with toxicological effects that may interfere with the dynamics of invertebrate populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana R. Lopes
- LEGE/CIIMAR/CIMAR_LA-Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Genomic and Evolution-Centre of Environmental and Marine Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Sciences Faculty, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; E-Mail:
- * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel.: 351-223401814; Fax: 351-223390608
| | - Nuria Fernández
- Recursos Mariños e Pesquerías, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Alejandro de la Sota, no.1 C.P:15008 A Coruña–España, Spain; E-Mail:
(N.F.)
| | - Rosário F. Martins
- LEGE/CIIMAR/CIMAR_LA-Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Genomic and Evolution-Centre of Environmental and Marine Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Valente Perfeito 322, 4400-330 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal; E-Mail:
(R.F.M.)
- IBMC–Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- LEGE/CIIMAR/CIMAR_LA-Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Genomic and Evolution-Centre of Environmental and Marine Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Sciences Faculty, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; E-Mail:
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15
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Méjean A, Mann S, Vassiliadis G, Lombard B, Loew D, Ploux O. In Vitro Reconstitution of the First Steps of Anatoxin-a Biosynthesis in Oscillatoria PCC 6506: From Free l-Proline to Acyl Carrier Protein Bound Dehydroproline. Biochemistry 2009; 49:103-13. [DOI: 10.1021/bi9018785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annick Méjean
- Biochimie des micro-organismes, Laboratoire Charles Friedel, UMR CNRS 7223, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Mann
- Biochimie des micro-organismes, Laboratoire Charles Friedel, UMR CNRS 7223, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Gaëlle Vassiliadis
- Biochimie des micro-organismes, Laboratoire Charles Friedel, UMR CNRS 7223, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bérangère Lombard
- Laboratory of Proteomic Mass Spectrometry, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Laboratory of Proteomic Mass Spectrometry, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Ploux
- Biochimie des micro-organismes, Laboratoire Charles Friedel, UMR CNRS 7223, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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