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Aftab H, Donegan RK. Regulation of heme biosynthesis via the coproporphyrin dependent pathway in bacteria. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1345389. [PMID: 38577681 PMCID: PMC10991733 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1345389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Heme biosynthesis in the Gram-positive bacteria occurs mostly via a pathway that is distinct from that of eukaryotes and Gram-negative bacteria in the three terminal heme synthesis steps. In many of these bacteria heme is a necessary cofactor that fulfills roles in respiration, gas sensing, and detoxification of reactive oxygen species. These varying roles for heme, the requirement of iron and glutamate, as glutamyl tRNA, for synthesis, and the sharing of intermediates with the synthesis of other porphyrin derivatives necessitates the need for many points of regulation in response to nutrient availability and metabolic state. In this review we examine the regulation of heme biosynthesis in these bacteria via heme, iron, and oxygen species. We also discuss our perspective on emerging roles of protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications in regulating heme biosynthesis.
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Doni D, Cavallari E, Noguera ME, Gentili HG, Cavion F, Parisi G, Fornasari MS, Sartori G, Santos J, Bellanda M, Carbonera D, Costantini P, Bortolus M. Searching for Frataxin Function: Exploring the Analogy with Nqo15, the Frataxin-like Protein of Respiratory Complex I from Thermus thermophilus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1912. [PMID: 38339189 PMCID: PMC10855754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nqo15 is a subunit of respiratory complex I of the bacterium Thermus thermophilus, with strong structural similarity to human frataxin (FXN), a protein involved in the mitochondrial disease Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA). Recently, we showed that the expression of recombinant Nqo15 can ameliorate the respiratory phenotype of FRDA patients' cells, and this prompted us to further characterize both the Nqo15 solution's behavior and its potential functional overlap with FXN, using a combination of in silico and in vitro techniques. We studied the analogy of Nqo15 and FXN by performing extensive database searches based on sequence and structure. Nqo15's folding and flexibility were investigated by combining nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), circular dichroism, and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Nqo15's iron-binding properties were studied using NMR, fluorescence, and specific assays and its desulfurase activation by biochemical assays. We found that the recombinant Nqo15 isolated from complex I is monomeric, stable, folded in solution, and highly dynamic. Nqo15 does not share the iron-binding properties of FXN or its desulfurase activation function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Doni
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (D.D.); (F.C.)
| | - Eva Cavallari
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (D.D.); (F.C.)
- Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Martin Ezequiel Noguera
- Department of Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Translational Biology (iB3), Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Buenos Aires C1428EG, Argentina; (M.E.N.); (H.G.G.); (J.S.)
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Dr Alejandro Paladini (UBA-CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina
- Department of Science and Technology, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina; (G.P.); (M.S.F.)
| | - Hernan Gustavo Gentili
- Department of Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Translational Biology (iB3), Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Buenos Aires C1428EG, Argentina; (M.E.N.); (H.G.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Federica Cavion
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (D.D.); (F.C.)
| | - Gustavo Parisi
- Department of Science and Technology, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina; (G.P.); (M.S.F.)
| | - Maria Silvina Fornasari
- Department of Science and Technology, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina; (G.P.); (M.S.F.)
| | - Geppo Sartori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Javier Santos
- Department of Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Translational Biology (iB3), Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Buenos Aires C1428EG, Argentina; (M.E.N.); (H.G.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Massimo Bellanda
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.B.); (D.C.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Paola Costantini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (D.D.); (F.C.)
| | - Marco Bortolus
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.B.); (D.C.)
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Falb N, Patil G, Furtmüller PG, Gabler T, Hofbauer S. Structural aspects of enzymes involved in prokaryotic Gram-positive heme biosynthesis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3933-3945. [PMID: 37593721 PMCID: PMC10427985 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The coproporphyrin dependent heme biosynthesis pathway is almost exclusively utilized by Gram-positive bacteria. This fact makes it a worthwhile topic for basic research, since a fundamental understanding of a metabolic pathway is necessary to translate the focus towards medical biotechnology, which is very relevant in this specific case, considering the need for new antibiotic targets to counteract the pathogenicity of Gram-positive superbugs. Over the years a lot of structural data on the set of enzymes acting in Gram-positive heme biosynthesis has accumulated in the Protein Database (www.pdb.org). One major challenge is to filter and analyze all available structural information in sufficient detail in order to be helpful and to draw conclusions. Here we pursued to give a holistic overview of structural information on enzymes involved in the coproporphyrin dependent heme biosynthesis pathway. There are many aspects to be extracted from experimentally determined structures regarding the reaction mechanisms, where the smallest variation of the position of an amino acid residue might be important, but also on a larger level regarding protein-protein interactions, where the focus has to be on surface characteristics and subunit (secondary) structural elements and oligomerization. This review delivers a status quo, highlights still missing information, and formulates future research endeavors in order to better understand prokaryotic heme biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Falb
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gaurav Patil
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul G. Furtmüller
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gabler
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Hofbauer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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Shang F, Lan J, Wang L, Liu W, Chen Y, Chen J, Ha NC, Quan C, Nam KH, Xu Y. Crystal structure of the Siderophore-interacting protein SIP from Aeromonas hydrophila. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:23-28. [PMID: 31477273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Siderophores acquire iron from hosts under iron-limiting conditions and play an essential role in the survival of microorganisms. Siderophore-interacting proteins (SIPs) from microbes release iron from the siderophore complex by reducing ferric iron to ferrous iron, but the molecular mechanism of iron reduction remains unclear. To better understand the molecular mechanism of SIPs, we herein report the crystal structure of Aeromonas hydrophila SIP (AhSIP) in complex with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a cofactor. AhSIP consists of an N-terminal FAD binding domain and a C-terminal NADH binding domain, which are connected by a linker region. AhSIP showed unique structural differences in the orientation of the cofactor binding lobes when compared with SIP homologs. This study identified a cluster of three basic residues (Lys48, His259 and Arg262) in AhSIP distributed around a potential substrate binding pocket. In addition, AhSIP, containing the NADH binding motif E(L)VL-X3-GE, belongs to the group I subfamily. Our results show the diverse cofactor and substrate binding sites of the SIP family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization (Dalian Minzu University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jing Lan
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization (Dalian Minzu University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization (Dalian Minzu University), Ministry of Education, China; School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, No 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization (Dalian Minzu University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization (Dalian Minzu University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jinli Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization (Dalian Minzu University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Nam-Chul Ha
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunshan Quan
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization (Dalian Minzu University), Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Ki Hyun Nam
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yongbin Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization (Dalian Minzu University), Ministry of Education, China.
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Dos Santos PC. B. subtilis as a Model for Studying the Assembly of Fe-S Clusters in Gram-Positive Bacteria. Methods Enzymol 2018; 595:185-212. [PMID: 28882201 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complexes of iron and sulfur (Fe-S clusters) are widely distributed in nature and participate in essential biochemical reactions. The biological formation of Fe-S clusters involves dedicated pathways responsible for the mobilization of sulfur, the assembly of Fe-S clusters, and the transfer of these clusters to target proteins. Genomic analysis of Bacillus subtilis and other Gram-positive bacteria indicated the presence of only one Fe-S cluster biosynthesis pathway, which is distinct in number of components and organization from previously studied systems. B. subtilis has been used as a model system for the characterization of cysteine desulfurases responsible for sulfur mobilization reactions in the biogenesis of Fe-S clusters and other sulfur-containing cofactors. Cysteine desulfurases catalyze the cleavage of the C-S bond from the amino acid cysteine and subsequent transfer of sulfur to acceptor molecules. These reactions can be monitored by the rate of alanine formation, the first product in the reaction, and sulfide formation, a byproduct of reactions performed under reducing conditions. The assembly of Fe-S clusters on protein scaffolds and the transfer of these clusters to target acceptors are determined through a combination of spectroscopic methods probing the rate of cluster assembly and transfer. This chapter provides a description of reactions promoting the assembly of Fe-S clusters in bacteria as well as methods used to study functions of each biosynthetic component and identify mechanistic differences employed by these enzymes across different pathways.
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Blauenburg B, Mielcarek A, Altegoer F, Fage CD, Linne U, Bange G, Marahiel MA. Crystal Structure of Bacillus subtilis Cysteine Desulfurase SufS and Its Dynamic Interaction with Frataxin and Scaffold Protein SufU. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158749. [PMID: 27382962 PMCID: PMC4934914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of iron sulfur (Fe-S) clusters in Bacillus subtilis is mediated by a SUF-type gene cluster, consisting of the cysteine desulfurase SufS, the scaffold protein SufU, and the putative chaperone complex SufB/SufC/SufD. Here, we present the high-resolution crystal structure of the SufS homodimer in its product-bound state (i.e., in complex with pyrodoxal-5'-phosphate, alanine, Cys361-persulfide). By performing hydrogen/deuterium exchange (H/DX) experiments, we characterized the interaction of SufS with SufU and demonstrate that SufU induces an opening of the active site pocket of SufS. Recent data indicate that frataxin could be involved in Fe-S cluster biosynthesis by facilitating iron incorporation. H/DX experiments show that frataxin indeed interacts with the SufS/SufU complex at the active site. Our findings deepen the current understanding of Fe-S cluster biosynthesis, a complex yet essential process, in the model organism B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Blauenburg
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Hans-Meerwein Str. 4, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Mielcarek
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Hans-Meerwein Str. 4, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Altegoer
- LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christopher D. Fage
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Hans-Meerwein Str. 4, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Linne
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Hans-Meerwein Str. 4, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gert Bange
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Hans-Meerwein Str. 4, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed A. Marahiel
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Hans-Meerwein Str. 4, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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Turowski VR, Aknin C, Maliandi MV, Buchensky C, Leaden L, Peralta DA, Busi MV, Araya A, Gomez-Casati DF. Frataxin Is Localized to Both the Chloroplast and Mitochondrion and Is Involved in Chloroplast Fe-S Protein Function in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141443. [PMID: 26517126 PMCID: PMC4636843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Frataxin plays a key role in eukaryotic cellular iron metabolism, particularly in mitochondrial heme and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biosynthesis. However, its precise role has yet to be elucidated. In this work, we studied the subcellular localization of Arabidopsis frataxin, AtFH, using confocal microscopy, and found a novel dual localization for this protein. We demonstrate that plant frataxin is targeted to both the mitochondria and the chloroplast, where it may play a role in Fe-S cluster metabolism as suggested by functional studies on nitrite reductase (NIR) and ferredoxin (Fd), two Fe-S containing chloroplast proteins, in AtFH deficient plants. Our results indicate that frataxin deficiency alters the normal functioning of chloroplasts by affecting the levels of Fe, chlorophyll, and the photosynthetic electron transport chain in this organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria R. Turowski
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cindy Aknin
- UMR5234 Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Bordeaux-Segalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Maria V. Maliandi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH) CONICET/UNSAM, Camino de Circunvaación Km 6, 7130, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Celeste Buchensky
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Laura Leaden
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Diego A. Peralta
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Maria V. Busi
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Araya
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique & UMR 1332 –Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Bordeaux Aquitaine, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33882, Villenave D’Ornon, France
| | - Diego F. Gomez-Casati
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Roche B, Agrebi R, Huguenot A, Ollagnier de Choudens S, Barras F, Py B. Turning Escherichia coli into a Frataxin-Dependent Organism. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005134. [PMID: 25996492 PMCID: PMC4440780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fe-S bound proteins are ubiquitous and contribute to most basic cellular processes. A defect in the ISC components catalyzing Fe-S cluster biogenesis leads to drastic phenotypes in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In this context, the Frataxin protein (FXN) stands out as an exception. In eukaryotes, a defect in FXN results in severe defects in Fe-S cluster biogenesis, and in humans, this is associated with Friedreich's ataxia, a neurodegenerative disease. In contrast, prokaryotes deficient in the FXN homolog CyaY are fully viable, despite the clear involvement of CyaY in ISC-catalyzed Fe-S cluster formation. The molecular basis of the differing importance in the contribution of FXN remains enigmatic. Here, we have demonstrated that a single mutation in the scaffold protein IscU rendered E. coli viability strictly dependent upon a functional CyaY. Remarkably, this mutation changed an Ile residue, conserved in prokaryotes at position 108, into a Met residue, conserved in eukaryotes. We found that in the double mutant IscUIM ΔcyaY, the ISC pathway was completely abolished, becoming equivalent to the ΔiscU deletion strain and recapitulating the drastic phenotype caused by FXN deletion in eukaryotes. Biochemical analyses of the "eukaryotic-like" IscUIM scaffold revealed that it exhibited a reduced capacity to form Fe-S clusters. Finally, bioinformatic studies of prokaryotic IscU proteins allowed us to trace back the source of FXN-dependency as it occurs in present-day eukaryotes. We propose an evolutionary scenario in which the current mitochondrial Isu proteins originated from the IscUIM version present in the ancestor of the Rickettsiae. Subsequent acquisition of SUF, the second Fe-S cluster biogenesis system, in bacteria, was accompanied by diminished contribution of CyaY in prokaryotic Fe-S cluster biogenesis, and increased tolerance to change in the amino acid present at the 108th position of the scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Roche
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UMR 7283, Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Rym Agrebi
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Allison Huguenot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UMR 7283, Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | | | - Frédéric Barras
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UMR 7283, Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Béatrice Py
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UMR 7283, Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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9
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Mielcarek A, Blauenburg B, Miethke M, Marahiel MA. Molecular insights into frataxin-mediated iron supply for heme biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122538. [PMID: 25826316 PMCID: PMC4380498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is required as an element to sustain life in all eukaryotes and most bacteria. Although several bacterial iron acquisition strategies have been well explored, little is known about the intracellular trafficking pathways of iron and its entry into the systems for co-factor biogenesis. In this study, we investigated the iron-dependent process of heme maturation in Bacillus subtilis and present, for the first time, structural evidence for the physical interaction of a frataxin homologue (Fra), which is suggested to act as a regulatory component as well as an iron chaperone in different cellular pathways, and a ferrochelatase (HemH), which catalyses the final step of heme b biogenesis. Specific interaction between Fra and HemH was observed upon co-purification from crude cell lysates and, further, by using the recombinant proteins for analytical size-exclusion chromatography. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange experiments identified the landscape of the Fra/HemH interaction interface and revealed Fra as a specific ferrous iron donor for the ferrochelatase HemH. The functional utilisation of the in vitro-generated heme b co-factor upon Fra-mediated iron transfer was confirmed by using the B. subtilis nitric oxide synthase bsNos as a metabolic target enzyme. Complementary mutational analyses confirmed that Fra acts as an essential component for maturation and subsequent targeting of the heme b co-factor, hence representing a key player in the iron-dependent physiology of B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mielcarek
- Philipps-University Marburg, Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Blauenburg
- Philipps-University Marburg, Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Miethke
- Philipps-University Marburg, Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mohamed A. Marahiel
- Philipps-University Marburg, Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Marburg, Germany
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10
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Blanc B, Gerez C, Ollagnier de Choudens S. Assembly of Fe/S proteins in bacterial systems: Biochemistry of the bacterial ISC system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:1436-47. [PMID: 25510311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Iron/sulfur clusters are key cofactors in proteins involved in a large number of conserved cellular processes, including gene expression, DNA replication and repair, ribosome biogenesis, tRNA modification, central metabolism and respiration. Fe/S proteins can perform a wide range of functions, from electron transfer to redox and non-redox catalysis. In all living organisms, Fe/S proteins are first synthesized in an apo-form. However, as the Fe/S prosthetic group is required for correct folding and/or protein stability, Fe/S clusters are inserted co-translationally or immediately after translation by specific assembly machineries. These systems have been extensively studied over the last decade, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The present review covers the basic principles of the bacterial housekeeping Fe/S biogenesis ISC system, and related recent molecular advances. Some of the most exciting recent highlights relating to this system include structural and functional characterization of binary and ternary complexes involved in Fe/S cluster formation on the scaffold protein IscU. These advances enhance our understanding of the Fe/S cluster assembly mechanism by revealing essential interactions that could never be determined with isolated proteins and likely are closer to an in vivo situation. Much less is currently known about the molecular mechanism of the Fe/S transfer step, but a brief account of the protein-protein interactions involved is given. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Fe/S proteins: Analysis, structure, function, biogenesis and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Blanc
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LCBM, 38054 Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV, iRTSV, LCBM, Biocatalyse, 38054 Grenoble, France; CNRS UMR5249, LCBM, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - C Gerez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LCBM, 38054 Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV, iRTSV, LCBM, Biocatalyse, 38054 Grenoble, France; CNRS UMR5249, LCBM, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - S Ollagnier de Choudens
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LCBM, 38054 Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV, iRTSV, LCBM, Biocatalyse, 38054 Grenoble, France; CNRS UMR5249, LCBM, 38054 Grenoble, France.
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Baharoglu Z, Babosan A, Mazel D. Identification of genes involved in low aminoglycoside-induced SOS response in Vibrio cholerae: a role for transcription stalling and Mfd helicase. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 42:2366-79. [PMID: 24319148 PMCID: PMC3936754 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MIC) of antibiotics play a very important role in selection and development of resistances. Unlike Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae induces its SOS response in presence of sub-MIC aminoglycosides. A role for oxidized guanine residues was observed, but the mechanisms of this induction remained unclear. To select for V. cholerae mutants that do not induce low aminoglycoside-mediated SOS induction, we developed a genetic screen that renders induction of SOS lethal. We identified genes involved in this pathway using two strategies, inactivation by transposition and gene overexpression. Interestingly, we obtained mutants inactivated for the expression of proteins known to destabilize the RNA polymerase complex. Reconstruction of the corresponding mutants confirmed their specific involvement in induction of SOS by low aminoglycoside concentrations. We propose that DNA lesions formed on aminoglycoside treatment are repaired through the formation of single-stranded DNA intermediates, inducing SOS. Inactivation of functions that dislodge RNA polymerase leads to prolonged stalling on these lesions, which hampers SOS induction and repair and reduces viability under antibiotic stress. The importance of these mechanisms is illustrated by a reduction of aminoglycoside sub-MIC. Our results point to a central role for transcription blocking at DNA lesions in SOS induction, so far underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Baharoglu
- Département Génomes et Génétique, Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR3525 Paris, France
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12
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Reprint of: Iron/sulfur proteins biogenesis in prokaryotes: formation, regulation and diversity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1827:923-37. [PMID: 23660107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Iron/sulfur centers are key cofactors of proteins intervening in multiple conserved cellular processes, such as gene expression, DNA repair, RNA modification, central metabolism and respiration. Mechanisms allowing Fe/S centers to be assembled, and inserted into polypeptides have attracted much attention in the last decade, both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Basic principles and recent advances in our understanding of the prokaryotic Fe/S biogenesis ISC and SUF systems are reviewed in the present communication. Most studies covered stem from investigations in Escherichia coli and Azotobacter vinelandii. Remarkable insights were brought about by complementary structural, spectroscopic, biochemical and genetic studies. Highlights of the recent years include scaffold mediated assembly of Fe/S cluster, A-type carriers mediated delivery of clusters and regulatory control of Fe/S homeostasis via a set of interconnected genetic regulatory circuits. Also, the importance of Fe/S biosynthesis systems in mediating soft metal toxicity was documented. A brief account of the Fe/S biosynthesis systems diversity as present in current databases is given here. Moreover, Fe/S biosynthesis factors have themselves been the object of molecular tailoring during evolution and some examples are discussed here. An effort was made to provide, based on the E. coli system, a general classification associating a given domain with a given function such as to help next search and annotation of genomes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Metals in Bioenergetics and Biomimetics Systems.
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Roche B, Aussel L, Ezraty B, Mandin P, Py B, Barras F. Iron/sulfur proteins biogenesis in prokaryotes: formation, regulation and diversity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1827:455-69. [PMID: 23298813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron/sulfur centers are key cofactors of proteins intervening in multiple conserved cellular processes, such as gene expression, DNA repair, RNA modification, central metabolism and respiration. Mechanisms allowing Fe/S centers to be assembled, and inserted into polypeptides have attracted much attention in the last decade, both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Basic principles and recent advances in our understanding of the prokaryotic Fe/S biogenesis ISC and SUF systems are reviewed in the present communication. Most studies covered stem from investigations in Escherichia coli and Azotobacter vinelandii. Remarkable insights were brought about by complementary structural, spectroscopic, biochemical and genetic studies. Highlights of the recent years include scaffold mediated assembly of Fe/S cluster, A-type carriers mediated delivery of clusters and regulatory control of Fe/S homeostasis via a set of interconnected genetic regulatory circuits. Also, the importance of Fe/S biosynthesis systems in mediating soft metal toxicity was documented. A brief account of the Fe/S biosynthesis systems diversity as present in current databases is given here. Moreover, Fe/S biosynthesis factors have themselves been the object of molecular tailoring during evolution and some examples are discussed here. An effort was made to provide, based on the E. coli system, a general classification associating a given domain with a given function such as to help next search and annotation of genomes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Metals in Bioenergetics and Biomimetics Systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Roche
- Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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14
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Miethke M. Molecular strategies of microbial iron assimilation: from high-affinity complexes to cofactor assembly systems. Metallomics 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20193c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Sutak R, Seguin A, Garcia-Serres R, Oddou JL, Dancis A, Tachezy J, Latour JM, Camadro JM, Lesuisse E. Human mitochondrial ferritin improves respiratory function in yeast mutants deficient in iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, but is not a functional homologue of yeast frataxin. Microbiologyopen 2012; 1:95-104. [PMID: 22950017 PMCID: PMC3426411 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We overexpressed human mitochondrial ferritin in frataxin-deficient yeast cells (Δyfh1), but also in another mutant affected in [Fe-S] assembly (Δggc1). Ferritin was correctly processed and expressed in the mitochondria of these cells, but the fraction of total mitochondrial iron bound to ferritin was very low, and most of the iron remained in the form of insoluble particles of ferric phosphate in these mitochondria, as evidenced by gel filtration analysis of the mitochondrial matrix (fast protein liquid chromatography [FPLC]) and by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Mutant cells in which ferritin was overexpressed still accumulated iron in the mitochondria and remained deficient in [Fe-S] assembly, suggesting that human mitochondrial ferritin is not a functional homologue of yeast frataxin. However, the respiratory function was improved in these mutants, which correlates with an improvement of cytochrome and heme synthesis. Overexpression of mitochondrial ferritin in [Fe-S] mutants resulted in the appearance of a small pool of high-spin ferrous iron in the mitochondria, which was probably responsible for the improvement of heme synthesis and of the respiratory function in these mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sutak
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in PragueVinicna 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Seguin
- Laboratoire Mitochondries, Métaux et Stress oxydant, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS-Université Paris DiderotFrance
| | - Ricardo Garcia-Serres
- CEA, iRTSV, LCBM, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; CNRS, UMR5249, Grenoble, France, Université Joseph Fourier38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Louis Oddou
- CEA, iRTSV, LCBM, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; CNRS, UMR5249, Grenoble, France, Université Joseph Fourier38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Andrew Dancis
- University of Pennsylvania,, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/OncologyBRBII Room 731, 431 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jan Tachezy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in PragueVinicna 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jean-Marc Latour
- CEA, iRTSV, LCBM, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; CNRS, UMR5249, Grenoble, France, Université Joseph Fourier38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Michel Camadro
- Laboratoire Mitochondries, Métaux et Stress oxydant, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS-Université Paris DiderotFrance
| | - Emmanuel Lesuisse
- Laboratoire Mitochondries, Métaux et Stress oxydant, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS-Université Paris DiderotFrance
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16
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Lill R, Hoffmann B, Molik S, Pierik AJ, Rietzschel N, Stehling O, Uzarska MA, Webert H, Wilbrecht C, Mühlenhoff U. The role of mitochondria in cellular iron-sulfur protein biogenesis and iron metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1823:1491-508. [PMID: 22609301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in iron metabolism in that they synthesize heme, assemble iron-sulfur (Fe/S) proteins, and participate in cellular iron regulation. Here, we review the latter two topics and their intimate connection. The mitochondrial Fe/S cluster (ISC) assembly machinery consists of 17 proteins that operate in three major steps of the maturation process. First, the cysteine desulfurase complex Nfs1-Isd11 as the sulfur donor cooperates with ferredoxin-ferredoxin reductase acting as an electron transfer chain, and frataxin to synthesize an [2Fe-2S] cluster on the scaffold protein Isu1. Second, the cluster is released from Isu1 and transferred toward apoproteins with the help of a dedicated Hsp70 chaperone system and the glutaredoxin Grx5. Finally, various specialized ISC components assist in the generation of [4Fe-4S] clusters and cluster insertion into specific target apoproteins. Functional defects of the core ISC assembly machinery are signaled to cytosolic or nuclear iron regulatory systems resulting in increased cellular iron acquisition and mitochondrial iron accumulation. In fungi, regulation is achieved by iron-responsive transcription factors controlling the expression of genes involved in iron uptake and intracellular distribution. They are assisted by cytosolic multidomain glutaredoxins which use a bound Fe/S cluster as iron sensor and additionally perform an essential role in intracellular iron delivery to target metalloproteins. In mammalian cells, the iron regulatory proteins IRP1, an Fe/S protein, and IRP2 act in a post-transcriptional fashion to adjust the cellular needs for iron. Thus, Fe/S protein biogenesis and cellular iron metabolism are tightly linked to coordinate iron supply and utilization. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cell Biology of Metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Lill
- Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Str. 6, 35033 Marburg, Germany.
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17
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Monteferrante CG, Miethke M, van der Ploeg R, Glasner C, van Dijl JM. Specific targeting of the metallophosphoesterase YkuE to the bacillus cell wall requires the twin-arginine translocation system. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:29789-800. [PMID: 22767609 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.378190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway is dedicated to the transport of fully folded proteins across the cytoplasmic membranes of many bacteria and the chloroplast thylakoidal membrane. Accordingly, Tat-dependently translocated proteins are known to be delivered to the periplasm of Gram-negative bacteria, the growth medium of Gram-positive bacteria, and the thylakoid lumen. Here, we present the first example of a protein, YkuE of Bacillus subtilis, that is specifically targeted by the Tat pathway to the cell wall of a Gram-positive bacterium. The cell wall binding of YkuE is facilitated by electrostatic interactions. Interestingly, under particular conditions, YkuE can also be targeted to the cell wall in a Tat-independent manner. The biological function of YkuE was so far unknown. Our present studies show that YkuE is a metal-dependent phosphoesterase that preferentially binds manganese and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine G Monteferrante
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P. O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Bowman JP, Hages E, Nilsson RE, Kocharunchitt C, Ross T. Investigation of the Listeria monocytogenes Scott A acid tolerance response and associated physiological and phenotypic features via whole proteome analysis. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:2409-26. [PMID: 22372944 DOI: 10.1021/pr201137c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The global proteomic responses of the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes strain Scott A, during active growth and transition to the stationary growth phase under progressively more acidic conditions, created by addition of lactic acid and HCl, were investigated using label-free liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Approximately 56% of the Scott A proteome was quantitatively assessable, and the data provides insight into its acquired acid tolerance response (ATR) as well as the relation of the ATR to the growth phase transition. Alterations in protein abundance due to acid stress were focused in proteins belonging to the L. monocytogenes common genome, with few strain-dependent proteins involved. However, one of the two complete prophage genomes appeared to enter lysogeny. During progressive acidification, the growth rate and yield were reduced 55% and 98%, respectively, in comparison to nonacidified control cultures. The maintenance of the growth rate was determined to be connected to activation of cytoplasmic pH homeostatic mechanisms while cellular reproductive-related and cell component turnover proteins were markedly more abundant in acid stressed cultures. Cell biomass accumulation was impeded predominantly due to repression of phosphodonor-linked enzymes involved with sugar phosphotransfer, glycolysis, and cell wall polymer biosynthesis. Acidification caused a shift from heterofermentation to an oxidatively stressed state in which ATP appears to be generated mainly through the pyruvate dehydrogenase/pyruvate oxidase/phosphotransacetylase/acetate kinase and branched chain acid dehydrogenase pathways. Analysis of regulons indicated energy conservation occurs due to repression by the GTP/isoleucine sensor CodY and also the RelA mediated stringent response. Whole proteome analysis proved to be an effective way to highlight proteins involved with the acquisition of the ATR.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Bowman
- Food Safety Centre, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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