1
|
Čoma M, Manning JC, Kaltner H, Gál P. The sweet side of wound healing: galectins as promising therapeutic targets in hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation/remodeling. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:41-53. [PMID: 36716023 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2175318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the molecular and cellular processes involved in skin wound healing may pave the way for the development of innovative approaches to transforming the identified natural effectors into therapeutic tools. Based on the extensive involvement of the ga(lactoside-binding)lectin family in (patho)physiological processes, it has been well established that galectins are involved in a wide range of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. AREAS COVERED In the present paper, we provide an overview of the biological role of galectins in repair and regeneration, focusing on four main phases (hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation/remodeling) of skin repair using basic wound models (open excision vs. sutured incision). EXPERT OPINION The reported data make a strong case for directing further efforts to treat excisional and incisional wounds differently. Functions of galectins essentially result from their modular presentation. In fact, Gal-1 seems to play a role in the early phases of healing (anti-inflammatory) and wound contraction, Gal-3 accelerates re-epithelization and increases tensile strength (scar inductor). Galectins have also become subject of redesigning by engineering to optimize the activity. Clinically relevant, these new tools derived from the carbohydrate recognition domain platform may also prove helpful for other purposes, such as potent antibacterial agglutinins and opsonins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matúš Čoma
- Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Inc, Košice, Slovak Republic.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Gál
- Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Inc, Košice, Slovak Republic.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic.,Prague Burn Center, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mouse tissue glycome atlas 2022 highlights inter-organ variation in major N-glycan profiles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17804. [PMID: 36280747 PMCID: PMC9592591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents "mouse tissue glycome atlas" representing the profiles of major N-glycans of mouse glycoproteins that may define their essential functions in the surface glycocalyx of mouse organs/tissues and serum-derived extracellular vesicles (exosomes). Cell surface glycocalyx composed of a variety of N-glycans attached covalently to the membrane proteins, notably characteristic "N-glycosylation patterns" of the glycocalyx, plays a critical role for the regulation of cell differentiation, cell adhesion, homeostatic immune response, and biodistribution of secreted exosomes. Given that the integrity of cell surface glycocalyx correlates significantly with maintenance of the cellular morphology and homeostatic immune functions, dynamic alterations of N-glycosylation patterns in the normal glycocalyx caused by cellular abnormalities may serve as highly sensitive and promising biomarkers. Although it is believed that inter-organs variations in N-glycosylation patterns exist, information of the glycan diversity in mouse organs/tissues remains to be elusive. Here we communicate for the first-time N-glycosylation patterns of 16 mouse organs/tissues, serum, and serum-derived exosomes of Slc:ddY mice using an established solid-phase glycoblotting platform for the rapid, easy, and high throughput MALDI-TOFMS-based quantitative glycomics. The present results elicited occurrence of the organ/tissue-characteristic N-glycosylation patterns that can be discriminated to each other. Basic machine learning analysis using this N-glycome dataset enabled classification between 16 mouse organs/tissues with the highest F1 score (69.7-100%) when neural network algorithm was used. A preliminary examination demonstrated that machine learning analysis of mouse lung N-glycome dataset by random forest algorithm allows for the discrimination of lungs among the different mouse strains such as the outbred mouse Slc:ddY, inbred mouse DBA/2Crslc, and systemic lupus erythematosus model mouse MRL-lpr/lpr with the highest F1 score (74.5-83.8%). Our results strongly implicate importance of "human organ/tissue glycome atlas" for understanding the crucial and diversified roles of glycocalyx determined by the organ/tissue-characteristic N-glycosylation patterns and the discovery research for N-glycome-based disease-specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
3
|
Koide R, Hirane N, Kambe D, Yokoi Y, Otaki M, Nishimura SI. Antiadhesive nanosome elicits role of glycocalyx of tumor cell-derived exosomes in the organotropic cancer metastasis. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121314. [PMID: 34906850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite emerging importance of tumor cells-derived exosomes in cancer metastasis, the heterogeneity of exosome populations has largely hampered systemic characterization of their molecular composition, biogenesis, and functions. This study communicates a novel method for predicting and targeting pre-metastatic sites based on an exosome model "fluorescent cancer glyconanosomes" displaying N-glycans of cultured tumor cells. Glycoblotting by antiadhesive quantum dots provides a nice tool to shed light on the pivotal functions of the glycocalyx reconstructed from four cancer cell types without bias due to other compositions of exosomes. In vivo imaging revealed that circulation, clearance, and organotropic biodistribution of cancer glyconanosomes in mice depend strongly on cancer cell-type-specific N-glycosylation patterns, the compositions of key glycotypes, particularly dominant abundances of high mannose-type N-glycans and the position-specific sialylation. Notably, organ biodistribution of cancer glyconanosomes is reproducible artificially by mimicking cancer cell-type-specific N-glycosylation patterns, demonstrating that nanosomal glycoblotting method serves as promising tools for predicting and targeting pre-metastatic sites determined by the glycocalyx of extracellular vesicles disseminated from the primary cancer site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Koide
- Graduate School of Life Science and Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21 W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hirane
- Graduate School of Life Science and Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21 W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Daiki Kambe
- Graduate School of Life Science and Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21 W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yokoi
- ENU Pharma, Co., Ltd., N7 W6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0807, Japan
| | - Michiru Otaki
- Graduate School of Life Science and Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21 W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Life Science and Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21 W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan; ENU Pharma, Co., Ltd., N7 W6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0807, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu D, Liu G, Li Y, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Sha S, Li W, Kameyama A, Dong W. Rapid glycosylation analysis of mouse serum glycoproteins separated by supported molecular matrix electrophoresis. J Proteomics 2021; 234:104098. [PMID: 33421637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we developed a novel separation technique, namely, supported molecular matrix electrophoresis (SMME), which separates mucins on a PVDF membrane that impregnated with a hydrophilic polymer (such as polyvinyl alcohol), so it has the characteristics that are compatible with glycan analysis of the separated bands. Here, we describe the first instance of the application of SMME to mouse sera fractionation and demonstrate their differences from the pooled human sera fractionation by SMME. Furthermore, we have developed a fixation method for the lectin blotting of SMME-separated glycoproteins by immersing the SMME membranes into acetone solvent followed by heating. It showed that the amount of protein samples required for SMME were reduced more than 4-fold than that of the process of SDS-PAGE. We applied these techniques for the detection of glycosylation patterns of serum proteins from Fut8+/+ and Fut8-/- mice, further analyzed N-linked and O-linked glycans from the separated γ-bands by mass spectrometry, and demonstrated that there are α2,8-sialylated O-glycans contained in mouse sera glycoproteins. SMME can provide simple, rapid sera fractionation, glycan profiling differences between the bands of two samples and a new insight into the underlying mechanism that responsible for related diseases. SIGNIFICANCE: We describe that the first application of SMME can separate mouse serum proteins into six bands and identify the major protein components of each fraction in mouse serum separated by SMME. Furthermore, we successfully developed a fixation method for lectin blotting of SMME-separated glycoproteins and applied to the detection of glycosylation patterns of serum glycoproteins from Fut8+/+ and Fut8-/- mice, also, the method is promising for detecting glycan profiling differences between two samples in both research and clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Liu
- China Medical University - The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Shanshan Sha
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Akihiko Kameyama
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Open Space Laboratory C-2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Weijie Dong
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Novel Mechanism of the Pericyte-Myofibroblast Transition in Renal Interstitial Fibrosis: Core Fucosylation Regulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16914. [PMID: 29209018 PMCID: PMC5717002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericytes have been identified as a major source of myofibroblasts in renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). The overactivation of several signaling pathways, mainly the TGF-β and PDGF pathways, initiates the pericyte-myofibroblast transition during RIF. Key receptors in these two pathways have been shown to be modified by fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), the enzyme that catalyzes core fucosylation. This study postulated that core fucosylation might play an important role in regulating the pericyte transition in RIF. The data showed that core fucosylation increased with the extent of RIF in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Similarly, core fucosylation of pericytes increased in both a unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO) mouse model and an in vitro model of pericyte transition. Inhibition of core fucosylation by adenoviral-mediated FUT8 shRNA in vivo and FUT8 siRNA in vitro significantly reduced pericyte transition and RIF. In addition, the activation of both the TGF-β/Smad and PDGF/ERK pathways was blocked by core fucosylation inhibition. In conclusion, core fucosylation may regulate the pericyte transition in RIF by modifying both the TGF-β/Smad and PDGF/ERK pathways. Glycosylation might be a novel "hub" target to prevent RIF.
Collapse
|
6
|
Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2011-2012. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:255-422. [PMID: 26270629 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review is the seventh update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2012. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural types constitute the remainder. The main groups of compound are oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:255-422, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yoshida Y, Furukawa JI, Naito S, Higashino K, Numata Y, Shinohara Y. Quantitative analysis of total serum glycome in human and mouse. Proteomics 2016; 16:2747-2758. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Yoshida
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery; Shionogi & Co., Ltd; Sapporo Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics; Graduate School of Advanced Life Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Orthopaedic Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Shoichi Naito
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery; Shionogi & Co., Ltd; Sapporo Japan
| | - Kenichi Higashino
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery; Shionogi & Co., Ltd; Sapporo Japan
| | - Yoshito Numata
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery; Shionogi & Co., Ltd; Sapporo Japan
| | - Yasuro Shinohara
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics; Graduate School of Advanced Life Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
- Department of Pharmacy; Kinjo Gakuin University; Nagoya Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rehan IF, Ueda K, Mitani T, Amano M, Hinou H, Ohashi T, Kondo S, Nishimura SI. Large-Scale Glycomics of Livestock: Discovery of Highly Sensitive Serum Biomarkers Indicating an Environmental Stress Affecting Immune Responses and Productivity of Holstein Dairy Cows. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10578-10590. [PMID: 26595672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Because various stresses strongly influence the food productivity of livestock, biomarkers to indicate unmeasurable environmental stress in domestic animals are of increasing importance. Thermal comfort is one of the basic principles of dairy cow welfare that enhances productivity. To discover sensitive biomarkers that monitor such environmental stresses in dairy cows, we herein performed, for the first time, large-scale glycomics on 336 lactating Holstein cow serum samples over 9 months between February and October. Glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOF/MS and DMB/HPLC allowed for comprehensive glycomics of whole serum glycoproteins. The results obtained revealed seasonal alterations in serum N-glycan levels and their structural characteristics, such as an increase in high-mannose type N-glycans in spring, the occurrence of di/triantennary complex type N-glycans terminating with two or three Neu5Gc residues in summer and autumn, and N-glycans in winter dominantly displaying Neu5Ac. A multivariate analysis revealed a correlation between the serum expression levels of these season-specific glycoforms and productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim F Rehan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University , N21, W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Animal Behaviour and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University , Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Koichiro Ueda
- Animal Production System, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University , N9, W9, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mitani
- Animal Production System, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University , N9, W9, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Maho Amano
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University , N21, W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hinou
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University , N21, W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tetsu Ohashi
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University , N21, W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., N21, W12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Seiji Kondo
- Animal Production System, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University , N9, W9, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Nishimura
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University , N21, W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., N21, W12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Impaired ATP6V0A2 expression contributes to Golgi dispersion and glycosylation changes in senescent cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17342. [PMID: 26611489 PMCID: PMC4661525 DOI: 10.1038/srep17342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many genes and signaling pathways have been found to be involved in cellular senescence program. In the present study, we have identified 16 senescence-associated genes by differential proteomic analysis of the normal human diploid fibroblast cell line, TIG-1, and focused on ATP6V0A2. The aim of this study is to clarify the role of ATP6V0A2, the causal gene for ARCL2, a syndrome of abnormal glycosylation and impaired Golgi trafficking, in cellular senescence program. Here we showed that ATP6V0A2 is critical for cellular senescence; impaired expression of ATP6V0A2 disperses the Golgi structure and triggers senescence, suggesting that ATP6V0A2 mediates these processes. FITC-lectin staining and glycoblotting revealed significantly different glycosylation structures in presenescent (young) and senescent (old) TIG-1 cells; reducing ATP6V0A2 expression in young TIG-1 cells yielded structures similar to those in old TIG-1 cells. Our results suggest that senescence-associated impaired expression of ATP6V0A2 triggers changes in Golgi structure and glycosylation in old TIG-1 cells, which demonstrates a role of ATP6V0A2 in cellular senescence program.
Collapse
|
10
|
Gizaw ST, Koda T, Amano M, Kamimura K, Ohashi T, Hinou H, Nishimura SI. A comprehensive glycome profiling of Huntington's disease transgenic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1704-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
11
|
Amano M, Eriksson H, Manning JC, Detjen KM, André S, Nishimura SI, Lehtiö J, Gabius HJ. Tumour suppressor p16(INK4a) - anoikis-favouring decrease in N/O-glycan/cell surface sialylation by down-regulation of enzymes in sialic acid biosynthesis in tandem in a pancreatic carcinoma model. FEBS J 2013; 279:4062-80. [PMID: 22943525 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumour suppressor p16(INK4a) is known to exert cell-cycle control via cyclin-dependent kinases. An emerging aspect of its functionality is the orchestrated modulation of N/O-glycosylation and galectin expression to induce anoikis in human Capan-1 pancreatic carcinoma cells. Using chemoselective N/O-glycan enrichment technology (glycoblotting) and product characterization, we first verified a substantial decrease in sialylation. Tests combining genetic (i.e. transfection with α2,6-sialyltransferase-specific cDNA) or metabolic (i.e. medium supplementation with N-acetylmannosamine to track down a bottleneck in sialic acid biosynthesis) engineering with cytofluorometric analysis of lectin binding indicated a role of limited substrate availability, especially for α2,6-sialylation, which switches off reactivity for anoikis-triggering homodimeric galectin-1. Quantitative MS analysis of protein level changes confirmed an enhanced galectin-1 presence along with an influence on glycosyltransferases (β1,4-galactosyltransferase-IV, α2,3-sialyltransferase-I) and detected p16(INK4a) -dependent down-regulation of two enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway for sialic acid [i.e. the bifunctional UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) and N-acetylneuraminic acid 9-phosphate synthase] (P < 0.001). By contrast, quantitative assessment for the presence of nuclear CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase (which is responsible for providing the donor for enzymatic sialylation that also acts as feedback inhibitor of the epimerase activity of GNE) revealed a trend for an increase. Partial restoration of sialylation in GNE-transfected cells supports the implied role of sialic acid availability for the glycophenotype. Fittingly, the extent of anoikis was reduced in double-transfected (p16(INK4a) /GNE) cells. Thus, a second means of modulating cell reactivity to the growth effector galectin-1 is established in addition to the common route of altering α2,6-sialyltransferase expression: regulating enzymes of the pathway for sialic acid biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maho Amano
- Field of Drug Discovery Research, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Smetana K, André S, Kaltner H, Kopitz J, Gabius HJ. Context-dependent multifunctionality of galectin-1: a challenge for defining the lectin as therapeutic target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:379-92. [PMID: 23289445 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.750651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One route of translating the information encoded in the glycan chains of cellular glycoconjugates into physiological effects is via receptor (lectin) binding. A family of endogenous lectins, sharing folding, a distinct sequence signature and affinity for β-galactosides (thus termed galectins), does so effectively in a context-dependent manner. AREAS COVERED An overview is given on the multifunctional nature of galectins, with emphasis on galectin-1. The broad range of functions includes vital processes such as adhesion via glycan bridging, glycoconjugate transport or triggering signaling relevant, for example, for growth regulation. Besides distinct glycoconjugates, this lectin can also interact with certain proteins so that it can target counterreceptors at all sites of location, that is, in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus, at both sides of the membrane or extracellularly. Approaches to strategically exploit galectin activities with therapeutic intentions are outlined. EXPERT OPINION The wide versatility of sugar coding and the multifunctionality of galectin-1 explain why considering to turn the protein into a therapeutic target is an ambitious aim. Natural pathways shaped by physiologic master regulators (e.g., the tumor suppressor p16(INK4a)) are suggested to teach inspiring lessons as to how the lectin might be recruited to clinical service.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Smetana
- Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nagahori N, Yamashita T, Amano M, Nishimura SI. Effect of ganglioside GM3 synthase gene knockout on the glycoprotein N-glycan profile of mouse embryonic fibroblast. Chembiochem 2012; 14:73-82. [PMID: 23225753 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The structural and clinical significance of cellular glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are often separately discussed. Considering the biosynthetic pathway of glycoconjugates, glycans of cell-surface glycoproteins and GSLs might partially share functions in maintaining cellular homeostatis. The purpose of this study is to establish a general and comprehensive glycomics protocol for cellular GSLs and N-glycans of glycoproteins. To test the feasibility of a glycoblotting-based protocol, whole glycans released both from GSLs and glycoproteins were profiled concurrently by using GM3 synthase-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblast GM3(-/-). GM3(-/-) cells did not synthesize GM3 or any downstream product of GM3 synthase. Instead, expression levels of o-series gangliosides involving GM1-b and GD1-α increased dramatically, whereas a-/b-series gangliosides were predominantly detected in wild-type (WT) cells. We also discovered that glycoprotein N-glycan profiles of GM3(-/-) cells are significantly altered as compared to WT cells, although GM3 synthase is responsible only for GSLs synthesis and is not associated with glycoprotein N-glycan biosynthesis. The present approach allows for high-throughput profiling of cellular glycomes enriched by different classes of glycoconjugates, and our results demonstrated that gene knockout of the enzymes responsible for GSL biosynthesis significantly influences the N-glycans of glycoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Nagahori
- Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, and Frontier Research Center for the Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Galectin-3 binds to CD45 on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells to regulate susceptibility to cell death. Blood 2012; 120:4635-44. [PMID: 23065155 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-06-438234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma and an aggressive malignancy. Galectin-3 (gal-3), the only antiapoptotic member of the galectin family, is overexpressed in DLBCL. While gal-3 can localize to intracellular sites, gal-3 is secreted by DLBCL cells and binds back to the cell surface in a carbohydrate-dependent manner. The major counterreceptor for gal-3 on DLBCL cells was identified as the transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase CD45. Removal of cell-surface gal-3 from CD45 with the polyvalent glycan inhibitor GCS-100 rendered DLBCL cells susceptible to chemotherapeutic agents. Binding of gal-3 to CD45 modulated tyrosine phosphatase activity; removal of endogenous cell-surface gal-3 from CD45 with GCS-100 increased phosphatase activity, while addition of exogenous gal-3 reduced phosphatase activity. Moreover, the increased susceptibility of DLBCL cells to chemotherapeutic agents after removal of gal-3 by GCS-100 required CD45 phosphatase activity. Gal-3 binding to a subset of highly glycosylated CD45 glycoforms was regulated by the C2GnT-1 glycosyltransferase, indicating that specific glycosylation of CD45 is important for regulation of gal-3-mediated signaling. These data identify a novel role for cell-surface gal-3 and CD45 in DLBCL survival and suggest novel therapeutic targets to sensitize DLBCL cells to death.
Collapse
|
15
|
Furukawa T, Arai M, Garcia-Martin F, Amano M, Hinou H, Nishimura SI. Glycoblotting-based high throughput protocol for the structural characterization of hyaluronan degradation products during enzymatic fragmentation. Glycoconj J 2012; 30:171-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|