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Zeng W, Fang Y, Mo S, Shen C, Yang H, Luo G, Xiao L, Zhan R, Yan P. The Underling Mechanisms Exploration of Rubia cordifolia L. Extract Against Rheumatoid Arthritis by Integrating Network Pharmacology and Metabolomics. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:439-457. [PMID: 36818604 PMCID: PMC9930591 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s388932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Rubia cordifolia L. (RC) is a classic herbal medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and has been used since ancient times. The ethanol extract of Rubia cordifolia L. (RCE) showed obvious anti-RA effects in our previous study. However, further potential mechanisms require more exploration. We aimed to investigate the mechanism of RCE for the treatment of RA by integrating metabolomics and network pharmacology in this study. Methods An adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model was established, and we evaluated the therapeutic effects of RCE. Metabolomics of serum and urine was used to identify the differential metabolites. Network pharmacology was applied to determine the key metabolites and potential targets. Finally, the potential targets and compounds of RCE were verified by molecular docking. Results The results indicated that RCE suppressed foot swelling and alleviated joint damage and also had anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-1β, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and P65. Ten and seven differential metabolites were found in the serum and urine, respectively, of rats. Six key targets, ie, phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLA2G2A), phospholipase A2 group X (PLA2G10), cytidine deaminase (CDA), uridine-cytidine kinase 2 (UCK2), charcot-leyden crystal galectin (CLC), and 5',3'-nucleotidase, mitochondrial (NT5M), were discovered by network pharmacology and metabolite analysis and were found to be related to glycerophospholipid metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism. Molecular docking confirmed that the favorable compounds showed affinities with the key targets, including alizarin, 6-hydroxyrubiadin, ruberythric acid, and munjistin. Conclusion This study revealed the underlying mechanisms of RCE and provided evidence that will allow researchers to further investigate the functions and components of RCE against RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiya Zeng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Joint Laboratory of Nation Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Fang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Joint Laboratory of Nation Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suifen Mo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Joint Laboratory of Nation Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caihong Shen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Joint Laboratory of Nation Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiling Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Joint Laboratory of Nation Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guihua Luo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Joint Laboratory of Nation Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luhua Xiao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Joint Laboratory of Nation Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Joint Laboratory of Nation Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Ruoting Zhan; Ping Yan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232, Outer Ring East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 20-39358045, Email ;
| | - Ping Yan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Joint Laboratory of Nation Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Sales TA, Marcussi S, Ramalho TC. Current Anti-Inflammatory Therapies and the Potential of Secretory Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors in the Design of New Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: A Review of 2012 - 2018. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:477-497. [PMID: 30706775 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190201120646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory process is a natural self-defense response of the organism to damage agents and its action mechanism involves a series of complex reactions. However, in some cases, this process can become chronic, causing much harm to the body. Therefore, over the years, many anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed aiming to decrease the concentrations of inflammatory mediators in the organism, which is a way of controlling these abnormal chain reactions. The main target of conventional anti-inflammatory drugs is the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme, but its use implies several side effects. Thus, based on these limitations, many studies have been performed, aiming to create new drugs, with new action mechanisms. In this sense, the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes stand out. Among all the existing isoforms, secretory PLA2 is the major target for inhibitor development, since many studies have proven that this enzyme participates in various inflammatory conditions, such as cancer, Alzheimer and arthritis. Finally, for the purpose of developing anti-inflammatory drugs that are sPLA2 inhibitors, many molecules have been designed. Accordingly, this work presents an overview of inflammatory processes and mediators, the current available anti-inflammatory drugs, and it briefly covers the PLA2 enzymes, as well as the diverse structural array of the newest sPLA2 inhibitors as a possible target for the production of new anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais A Sales
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Brazil
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Brazil
| | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Brazil.,Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, 62, 50003 Rokitanskeho, Czech Republic
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2012 for marine natural products, with 1035 citations (673 for the period January to December 2012) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1241 for 2012), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Cassiano C, Margarucci L, Esposito R, Riccio R, Tosco A, Casapullo A, Monti MC. In cell scalaradial interactome profiling using a bio-orthogonal clickable probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6043-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00989d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bio-orthogonal click-chemistry procedure was developed to allow thein cellinteractome profiling of scalaradial, an anti-inflammatory marine natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Cassiano
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano, Italy
| | - L. Margarucci
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano, Italy
| | - R. Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano, Italy
| | - R. Riccio
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano, Italy
| | - A. Tosco
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano, Italy
| | - A. Casapullo
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano, Italy
| | - M. C. Monti
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano, Italy
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Festa C, Cassiano C, D'Auria MV, Debitus C, Monti MC, De Marino S. Scalarane sesterterpenes from Thorectidae sponges as inhibitors of TDP-43 nuclear factor. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8646-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01510j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemical analysis of two Thorectidae sponges led to the isolation of five new scalarane derivatives along with fifteen known compounds. Their binding capability to TDP-43 was assessed by bio-physical techniques and resulted in the identifications of potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Festa
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Naples “Federico II”
- 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Cassiano
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | | | - Cécile Debitus
- Polynesian Research Center on Island Biodiversity
- IRD
- UMR241
- 98713 Papeete, French Polynesia
| | | | - Simona De Marino
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Naples “Federico II”
- 80131 Naples, Italy
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