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de Lederkremer RM, Giorgi ME, Marino C. The α-Galactosyl Carbohydrate Epitope in Pathogenic Protozoa. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:2207-2222. [PMID: 36083842 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The α-gal epitope, which refers to the carbohydrate α-d-Galp-(1 → 3)-β-d-Galp-(1 → 4)-d-GlcNAc-R, was first described in the glycoconjugates of mammals other than humans. Evolution caused a mutation that resulted in the inactivation of the α-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene. For that reason, humans produce antibodies against α-d-Galp containing glycoproteins and glycolipids of other species. We summarize here the glycoconjugates with α-d-Galp structures in Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Plasmodium pathogenic protozoa. These were identified in infective stages of Trypanosoma cruzi and in Plasmodium sporozoites. In Leishmania, α-d-Galp is linked differently in the glycans of glycoinositolphospholipids (GIPLs). Chemically synthesized neoglycoconjugates have been proposed as diagnostic tools and as antigens for vaccines. Several syntheses reported for the α-gal trisaccharide, also called the Galili epitope, and the glycans of GIPLs found in Leishmania, the preparation of neoglycoconjugates, and the studies in which they were involved are also included in this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M de Lederkremer
- CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Giorgi
- CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Marino
- CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428Buenos Aires, Argentina
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2
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Marino C, Bordoni AV. Deoxy sugars. General methods for carbohydrate deoxygenation and glycosidation. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:934-962. [PMID: 35014646 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Deoxy sugars represent an important class of carbohydrates, present in a large number of biomolecules involved in multiple biological processes. In various antibiotics, antimicrobials, and therapeutic agents the presence of deoxygenated units has been recognized as responsible for biological roles, such as adhesion or great affinity to receptors, or improved efficacy. The characterization of glycosidases and glycosyltranferases requires substrates, inhibitors and analogous compounds. Deoxygenated sugars are useful for carrying out specific studies for these enzymes. Deoxy sugars, analogs of natural substrates, may behave as substrates or inhibitors, or may not interact with the enzyme. They are also important for glycodiversification studies of bioactive natural products and glycobiological processes, which could contribute to discovering new therapeutic agents with greater efficacy by modification or replacement of sugar units. Deoxygenation of carbohydrates is, thus, of great interest and numerous efforts have been dedicated to the development of methods for the reduction of sugar hydroxyl groups. Given that carbohydrates are the most important renewable chemicals and are more oxidized than fossil raw materials, it is also important to have methods to selectively remove oxygen from certain atoms of these renewable raw materials. The different methods for removal of OH groups of carbohydrates and representative or recent applications of them are presented in this chapter. Glycosidic bonds in general, and 2-deoxy glycosidic linkages, are included. It is not the scope of this survey to cover all reports for each specific technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Marino
- CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrea V Bordoni
- Gerencia Química & Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología - Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Zhao J, Esque J, André I, O'Donohue MJ, Fauré R. Synthesis of α-l-Araf and β-d-Galf series furanobiosides using mutants of a GH51 α-l-arabinofuranosidase. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105245. [PMID: 34482168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The GH-51 α-l-arabinofuranosidase from Thermobacillus xylanilyticus (TxAbf) possesses versatile catalytic properties, displaying not only the ability to hydrolyze glycosidic linkages but also to synthesize furanobiosides in α-l-Araf and β-d-Galf series. Herein, mutants are investigated to evaluate their ability to perform self-condensation, assessing both yield improvements and changes in regioselectivity. Overall yields of oligo-α-l-arabino- and oligo-β-d-galactofuranosides were increased up to 4.8-fold compared to the wild-type enzyme. In depth characterization revealed that the mutants exhibit increased transfer rates and thus a hydrolysis/self-condensation ratio in favor of synthesis. The consequence of the substitution N216W is the creation of an additional binding subsite that provides the basis for an alternative acceptor substrate binding mode. As a result, mutants bearing N216W synthesize not only (1,2)-linked furanobiosides, but also (1,3)- and even (1,5)-linked furanobiosides. Since the self-condensation is under kinetic control, the yield of homo-disaccharides was maximized using higher substrate concentrations. In this way, the mutant R69H-N216W produced oligo-β-d-galactofuranosides in > 70% yield. Overall, this study further demonstrates the potential usefulness of TxAbf mutants for glycosynthesis and shows how these might be used to synthesize biologically-relevant glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhao
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérémy Esque
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle André
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Régis Fauré
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
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Abronina PI, Zinin AI, Malysheva NN, Karpenko MY, Kolotyrkina NG, Kononov LO. The Influence of Anomeric Configuration and Aglycone Structure on the Outcome of Acid‐Promoted Ring Contraction in 2,3‐Di‐
O
‐Silylated S‐Galactopyranosides. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Polina I. Abronina
- N.K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I. Zinin
- N.K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Nelly N. Malysheva
- N.K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Maxim Y. Karpenko
- N.K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Natalya G. Kolotyrkina
- N.K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Leonid O. Kononov
- N.K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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5
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Vaugenot J, El Harras A, Tasseau O, Marchal R, Legentil L, Le Guennic B, Benvegnu T, Ferrières V. 6-Deoxy-6-fluoro galactofuranosides: regioselective glycosylation, unexpected reactivity, and anti-leishmanial activity. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1462-1475. [PMID: 32025679 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02596k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Selective glycosylation of the C-6 fluorinated galactofuranosyl acceptor 2 was studied with four galactofuranosyl donors. It was highlighted that this electron-withdrawing atom strongly impacted the behavior of the acceptor, thus leading to unprecedented glycosylation pathways. Competition between expected glycosylation of 2, ring expansion of this acceptor and furanosylation, and intermolecular aglycon transfer was observed. Further investigation of the fluorinated synthetic compounds showed that the presence of fluorine atom contributed to increase the inhibition of the growth of Leishmania tarentolae, a non-pathogenic strain of Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeane Vaugenot
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Abderrafek El Harras
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Olivier Tasseau
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Rémi Marchal
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Laurent Legentil
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Boris Le Guennic
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Thierry Benvegnu
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Vincent Ferrières
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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Legentil L, Cabezas Y, Tasseau O, Tellier C, Daligault F, Ferrières V. Regioselective Galactofuranosylation for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Patterns Found in Pathogenic Microorganisms. J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Legentil
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée
de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France
| | - Yari Cabezas
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée
de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France
| | - Olivier Tasseau
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée
de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France
| | - Charles Tellier
- Université de Nantes, UMR CNRS 6286, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Franck Daligault
- Université de Nantes, UMR CNRS 6286, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Vincent Ferrières
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée
de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France
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Galactofuranose antigens, a target for diagnosis of fungal infections in humans. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO199. [PMID: 28883999 PMCID: PMC5583699 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biomarkers for the detection of fungal infections is of interest to complement histopathological and culture methods. Since the production of antibodies in immunocompromised patients is scarce, detection of a specific antigen could be effective for early diagnosis. D-Galactofuranose (Galf) is the antigenic epitope in glycoconjugates of several pathogenic fungi. Since Galf is not biosynthesized by mammals, it is an attractive candidate for diagnosis of infection. A monoclonal antibody that recognizes Galf is commercialized for detection of aspergillosis. The linkage of Galf in the natural glycans and the chemical structures of the synthesized Galf-containing oligosaccharides are described in this paper. The oligosaccharides could be used for the synthesis of artificial carbohydrate-based antigens, not enough exploited for diagnosis. D-Galactofuranose (Galf) is the unit in polysaccharides and glycoconjugates of several pathogenic fungi that is recognized by the immune system. Since Galf is not synthesized by mammals, it is an attractive candidate for diagnosis of infection. Since the production of antibodies in immunocompromised patients is scarce, detection of a specific antigen could be effective for early diagnosis. An antibody that recognizes Galf is commercialized for the detection of aspergillosis. Chemically synthesized Galf-containing oligosaccharides, reviewed in this paper, could therefore be used for the synthesis of artificial carbohydrate-based antigens and in diagnosis.
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Oliveira Udry GA, Repetto E, Vega DR, Varela O. Synthesis of Enantiomeric Polyhydroxyalkylpyrrolidines from 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadducts. Evaluation as Inhibitors of a β-Galactofuranosidase. J Org Chem 2016; 81:4179-89. [PMID: 27116655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomeric 2,3,4-tris(hydroxyalkyl)-5-phenylpyrrolidines have been synthesized from the major cycloadducts obtained by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of sugar enones with azomethine ylides derived from natural amino acids. Reduction of the ketone carbonyl group of the cycloadducts, which possess a basic structure of bicyclic 6-(menthyloxy)hexahydropyrano[4,3-c]pyrrol-7(6H)one, afforded a number of pyrrolidine-based bicyclic systems. A sequence of reactions, which involved hydrolysis of the menthyloxy substituent, reduction, N-protection, and degradative oxidation, afforded varied pyrrolidine structures having diverse configurations and patterns of substitution; in particular, polyhydroxylated derivatives have been obtained. The unprotected products were isolated as pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetates. Because of the furanose-like nature of the target trihydroxyalkyl pyrrolidines, these molecules have been evaluated as inhibitors of the β-galactofuranosidase from Penicillium fellutanum. The compounds showed practically no inhibitory activity for concentration of pyrrolidines in the range of 0.1-1.6 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo A Oliveira Udry
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET-UBA, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Evangelina Repetto
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET-UBA, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel R Vega
- Departamento Física de la Materia Condensada, GAIyANN-CAC-CNEA y ECyT-UNSAM , Av. Gral. Paz 1499, San Martín, 1650 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Varela
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET-UBA, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Vinnitskiy DZ, Krylov VB, Ustyuzhanina NE, Dmitrenok AS, Nifantiev NE. The synthesis of heterosaccharides related to the fucoidan from Chordaria flagelliformis bearing an α-L-fucofuranosyl unit. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:598-611. [PMID: 26536063 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02040a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides, fucoidans, from brown algae are built up mainly of α-L-fucopyranosyl units and form a group of natural biopolymers with a wide spectrum of biological activities. Systematic synthesis of oligosaccharides representing fucoidans' fragments gives molecular probes for detecting pharmacophores within fucoidan polysaccharide chains. Recently, it was discovered that the fucoidan from brown seaweed Chordaria flagelliformis contains not only α-L-fucopyranosyl units but also α-L-fucofuranosyl ones. To establish the influence of the unusual α-L-fucofuranose residue on the biological activity and conformational properties of fucoidans, the synthesis of selectively O-sulfated pentasaccharides, which represent the main repeating unit of the fucoidan from C. flagelliformis, was performed. The features of the synthesis were the use of the pyranoside-into-furanoside rearrangement to prepare the fucofuranoside precursor and remote stereocontrolling participation of O-acyl groups to manage stereoselective α-bond formation in glycosylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Z Vinnitskiy
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Lo Fiego MJ, Marino C, Varela O. Synthesis of galactofuranosyl-(1 → 5)-thiodisaccharide glycomimetics as inhibitors of a β-d-galactofuranosidase. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06899a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Description of the synthesis, molecular modeling and inhibitory properties of furanosyl thiodisaccharides that are mimetics of the motif β-d-Galf-(1 → 5)-d-Galf, found in glycoconjugates of pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos J. Lo Fiego
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET-UBA
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Carla Marino
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET-UBA
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Oscar Varela
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET-UBA
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
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Wang S, Meng X, Huang W, Yang JS. Influence of silyl protections on the anomeric reactivity of galactofuranosyl thioglycosides and application of the silylated thiogalactofuranosides to one-pot synthesis of diverse β-D-oligogalactofuranosides. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10203-17. [PMID: 25310684 DOI: 10.1021/jo5018684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe in this paper the tuning effect of silyl protecting groups on the donor reactivity of galactofuranosyl phenyl thioglycosides. Silyl ethers on the galactofuranose ring are found to have an arming effect on the glycosylation reactivity, but the cyclic 3,5-acetal protecting group decreases the reactivity. The reactive phenyl 2,6-di-O-Bz-3,5-di-O-TBS-1-thio-β-d-galactofuranoside 3 is proved to be a useful glycosyl building block. By taking advantage of this donor, we achieved the highly efficient one-pot solution-phase assembly of a panel of β-d-galactofuranosyl tri- and tetrasaccharides possessing diverse glycosidic linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting, Ministry of Education, and Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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Baldoni L, Marino C. Expedient synthesis of 1,6-anhydro-α-D-galactofuranose, a useful intermediate for glycobiological tools. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:1651-6. [PMID: 25161723 PMCID: PMC4143087 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A new and efficient three-step procedure for the synthesis of 1,6-anhydro-α-D-galactofuranose is described. The key step involves the formation of the galactofuranosyl iodide by treatment of per-O-TBS-D-Galf with TMSI, the selective 6-O-desilylation by an excess of TMSI, and the simultaneous nucleophilic attack of the 6-hydroxy group on the anomeric carbon, with the iodide as a good leaving group. This compound is a good precursor for building blocks for the construction of 1→6 linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Baldoni
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET-UBA, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tel/Fax: +54-11-45763352
| | - Carla Marino
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET-UBA, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tel/Fax: +54-11-45763352
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