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Hobson AD. Antibody drug conjugates beyond cytotoxic payloads. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2023; 62:1-59. [PMID: 37981349 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
For many years, antibody drug conjugates (ADC) have teased with the promise of targeted payload delivery to diseased cells, embracing the targeting of the antibody to which a cytotoxic payload is conjugated. During the past decade this promise has started to be realised with the approval of more than a dozen ADCs for the treatment of various cancers. Of these ADCs, brentuximab vedotin really laid the foundations of a template for a successful ADC with lysosomal payload release from a cleavable dipeptide linker, measured DAR by conjugation to the Cys-Cys interchain bonds of the antibody and a cytotoxic payload. Using this ADC design model oncology has now expanded their repertoire of payloads to include non-cytotoxic compounds. These new payload classes have their origins in prior medicinal chemistry programmes aiming to design selective oral small molecule drugs. While this may not have been achieved, the resulting compounds provide excellent starting points for ADC programmes with some compounds amenable to immediate linker attachment while for others extensive SAR and structural information offer invaluable design insights. Many of these new oncology payload classes are of interest to other therapeutic areas facilitating rapid access to drug-linkers for exploration as non-oncology ADCs. Other therapeutic areas have also pursued unique payload classes with glucocorticoid receptor modulators (GRM) being the most clinically advanced in immunology. Here, ADC payloads come full circle, as oncology is now investigating GRM payloads for the treatment of cancer. This chapter aims to cover all these new ADC approaches while describing the medicinal chemistry origins of the new non-cytotoxic payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian D Hobson
- Small Molecule Therapeutics & Platform Technologies, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States.
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2
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Sharma N, Setiawan D, Hamelberg D, Narayan R, Aneja R. Computational benchmarking of putative KIFC1 inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:293-318. [PMID: 36104980 DOI: 10.1002/med.21926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The centrosome in animal cells is instrumental in spindle pole formation, nucleation, proper alignment of microtubules during cell division, and distribution of chromosomes in each daughter cell. Centrosome amplification involving structural and numerical abnormalities in the centrosome can cause chromosomal instability and dysregulation of the cell cycle, leading to cancer development and metastasis. However, disturbances caused by centrosome amplification can also limit cancer cell survival by activating mitotic checkpoints and promoting mitotic catastrophe. As a smart escape, cancer cells cluster their surplus of centrosomes into pseudo-bipolar spindles and progress through the cell cycle. This phenomenon, known as centrosome clustering (CC), involves many proteins and has garnered considerable attention as a specific cancer cell-targeting weapon. The kinesin-14 motor protein KIFC1 is a minus end-directed motor protein that is involved in CC. Because KIFC1 is upregulated in various cancers and modulates oncogenic signaling cascades, it has emerged as a potential chemotherapeutic target. Many molecules have been identified as KIFC1 inhibitors because of their centrosome declustering activity in cancer cells. Despite the ever-increasing literature in this field, there have been few efforts to review the progress. The current review aims to collate and present an in-depth analysis of known KIFC1 inhibitors and their biological activities. Additionally, we present computational docking data of putative KIFC1 inhibitors with their binding sites and binding affinities. This first-of-kind comparative analysis involving experimental biology, chemistry, and computational docking of different KIFC1 inhibitors may help guide decision-making in the selection and design of potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivya Sharma
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dani Setiawan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Donald Hamelberg
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rishikesh Narayan
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Goa, India.,School of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Goa, India
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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3
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Chamariya R, Suvarna V. Role of KSP inhibitors as anti-cancer therapeutics: an update. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2517-2538. [PMID: 35043768 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220119093105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Regardless of the growing discovery of anticancer treatments, targeting cancer-specific pathways, cytotoxic therapy still maintained its abundant clinical significance based on the fact that tumours harbour a greater population of actively dividing cells than normal tissues. Conventional anti-mitotic agents or microtubule poisons acting on the major mitotic spindle protein tubulin have been effectively used in clinical settings for cancer chemotherapy over the last three decades. However, use of these drugs is associated with limited clinical utility due to serious side effects such as debilitating and dose-limiting peripheral neuropathy, myelosuppression, drug resistance and allergic reactions. Therefore, research initiatives have been undertaken to develop novel microtubule motor proteins inhibitors that can potentially circumvent the limitations associated with conventional microtubule poisons. Kinesin spindle proteins (KSP) belonging to the kinesin-5 family play a crucial role during mitosis and unregulated cell proliferation. Several evidences from preclinical studies and different phases of clinical trials have presented kinesin spindle protein as a promising target for cancer therapeutics. kinesin spindle protein inhibitors causing mitosis disruption without interfering with microtubule dynamics in non-dividing cells offer a potential therapeutic alternative for the management of several major cancer types and are devoid of side effects associated with classical anti-mitotic drugs. This review summarizes recent data highlighting progress in the discovery of targeted KSP inhibitors and presents the development of scaffolds, structure-activity relationships, and outcomes of biological, and enzyme inhibition studies. We reviewed the recent literature reports published over last decade, using various electronic database searches such as PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Clinical trial data till 2021 was retrieved from ClinicalTrial.gov. Major chemical classes developed as selective KSP inhibitors include dihydropyrimidines, β-carbolines, carbazoles, benzimidazoles, fused aryl derivatives, pyrimidines, fused pyrimidines, quinazolines, quinolones, thiadiazolines, spiropyran and azobenzenes. Drugs such as filanesib, litronesib, ispinesib have entered clinical trials, the most advanced phase explored being Phase II. KSP inhibitors have exhibited promising results; however, continued exploration is greatly required to establish the clinical potential of KSP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinkal Chamariya
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai - 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vasanti Suvarna
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai - 400056, Maharashtra, India
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Balakumar C, Ramesh M, Tham CL, Khathi SP, Kozielski F, Srinivasulu C, Hampannavar GA, Sayyad N, Soliman ME, Karpoormath R. Ligand- and structure-based in silico studies to identify kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitors as potential anticancer agents. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:3687-3704. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1396255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekaran Balakumar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Muthusamy Ramesh
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Chuin Lean Tham
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39, Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Samukelisiwe Pretty Khathi
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Frank Kozielski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39, Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Cherukupalli Srinivasulu
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Girish A. Hampannavar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Nisar Sayyad
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E. Soliman
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
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Carbajales C, Sawada JI, Marzaro G, Sotelo E, Escalante L, Sánchez-Díaz Marta A, García-Mera X, Asai A, Coelho A. Multicomponent Assembly of the Kinesin Spindle Protein Inhibitor CPUYJ039 and Analogues as Antimitotic Agents. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2017; 19:153-160. [PMID: 28135059 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The potent kinesin spindle protein inhibitor CPUYJ039 and a set of analogues were prepared by a target-oriented approach based on a Ugi reaction that uses 2-nitrophenyl isocyanides as key building blocks. The herein documented strategy provides straightforward and atom economical access to potent benzimidazole-based antimitotic agents by exploring the versatility and exploratory power of the Ugi reaction. The results of docking studies and biological activity evaluations of the benzimidazole compounds are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Carbajales
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials, University of Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, Campus
Vida, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Jun-ichi Sawada
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Giovanni Marzaro
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Eddy Sotelo
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials, University of Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, Campus
Vida, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Avenida das Ciencias, s/n, Campus sur, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Luz Escalante
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials, University of Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, Campus
Vida, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Antonio Sánchez-Díaz Marta
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials, University of Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, Campus
Vida, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Avenida das Ciencias, s/n, Campus sur, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Akira Asai
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Alberto Coelho
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials, University of Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, Campus
Vida, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Avenida das Ciencias, s/n, Campus sur, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
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