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Makwana MV, Dos Santos Souza C, Pickup BT, Thompson MJ, Lomada SK, Feng Y, Wieland T, Jackson RFW, Muimo R. Chemical Tools for Studying Phosphohistidine: Generation of Selective τ-Phosphohistidine and π-Phosphohistidine Antibodies. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300182. [PMID: 37183567 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nonhydrolysable stable analogues of τ-phosphohistidine (τ-pHis) and π-pHis have been designed, aided by electrostatic surface potential calculations, and subsequently synthesized. The τ-pHis and π-pHis analogues (phosphopyrazole 8 and pyridyl amino amide 13, respectively) were used as haptens to generate pHis polyclonal antibodies. Both τ-pHis and π-pHis conjugates in the form of BSA-glutaraldehyde-τ-pHis and BSA-glutaraldehyde-π-pHis were synthesized and characterized by 31 P NMR spectroscopy. Commercially available τ-pHis (SC56-2) and π-pHis (SC1-1; SC50-3) monoclonal antibodies were used to show that the BSA-G-τ-pHis and BSA-G-π-pHis conjugates could be used to assess the selectivity of pHis antibodies in a competitive ELISA. Subsequently, the selectivity of the pHis antibodies generated by using phosphopyrazole 8 and pyridyl amino amide 13 as haptens was assessed by competitive ELISA against His, pSer, pThr, pTyr, τ-pHis and π-pHis. Antibodies generated by using phosphopyrazole 8 as a hapten were found to be selective for τ-pHis, and antibodies generated by using pyridyl amino amide 13 were found to be selective for π-pHis. Both τ- and π-pHis antibodies were shown to be effective in immunological experiments, including ELISA, western blot, and immunofluorescence. The τ-pHis antibody was also shown to be useful in the immunoprecipitation of proteins containing pHis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul V Makwana
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
- Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Cleide Dos Santos Souza
- Sheffield Instituate of Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Barry T Pickup
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Mark J Thompson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, The University Of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Santosh K Lomada
- Experimental Pharmacology, European Center of Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yuxi Feng
- Experimental Pharmacology, European Center of Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Experimental Pharmacology, European Center of Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Richard F W Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Richmond Muimo
- Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
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2
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Liu D, Wei Q, Xia W, He C, Zhang Q, Huang L, Wang X, Sun Y, Ma Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Shi X, Liu C, Dong S. O-Glycosylation Induces Amyloid-β To Form New Fibril Polymorphs Vulnerable for Degradation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20216-20223. [PMID: 34841862 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Brain accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides (resulting from a disrupted balance between biosynthesis and clearance) occurs during the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ peptides have diverse posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that variously modulate Aβ aggregation into fibrils, but understanding the mechanistic roles of PTMs in these processes remains a challenge. Here, we chemically synthesized three homogeneously modified isoforms of Aβ (1-42) peptides bearing Tyr10 O-glycosylation, an unusual PTM initially identified from the cerebrospinal fluid samples of AD patients. We discovered that O-glycans significantly affect both the aggregation and degradation of Aβ42. By combining cryo-EM and various biochemical assays, we demonstrate that a Galβ1-3GalNAc modification redirects Aβ42 to form a new fibril polymorphic structure that is less stable and more vulnerable to Aβ-degrading enzymes (e.g., insulin-degrading enzyme). Thus, beyond showing how particular O-glycosylation modifications affect Aβ42 aggregation at the molecular level, our study provides powerful experimental tools to support further investigations about how PTMs affect Aβ42 fibril aggregation and AD-related neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dangliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qijia Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wencheng Xia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Changdong He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qikai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yunpeng Sun
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Yeyang Ma
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaomeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Suwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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3
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Ahn S, Jung H, Kee JM. Quest for the Crypto-phosphoproteome. Chembiochem 2020; 22:319-325. [PMID: 33094900 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most studied post-translational modifications (PTMs). Despite the remarkable advances in phosphoproteomics, a chemically less-stable subset of the phosphosites, which we call the crypto-phosphoproteome, has remained underexplored due to technological challenges. In this Viewpoint, we briefly summarize the current understanding of these elusive protein phosphorylations and identify the missing pieces for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Korea
| | - Hoyoung Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Kee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Korea
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4
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Kafarski P. Phosphonopeptides containing free phosphonic groups: recent advances. RSC Adv 2020; 10:25898-25910. [PMID: 35518575 PMCID: PMC9055344 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04655h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphonopeptides are mimetics of peptides in which phosphonic acid or related (phosphinic, phosphonous etc.) group replaces either carboxylic acid group present at C-terminus, is located in the peptidyl side chain, or phosphonamidate or phosphinic acid mimics peptide bond. Acting as inhibitors of key enzymes related to variable pathological states they display interesting and useful physiologic activities with potential applications in medicine and agriculture. Since the synthesis and biological properties of peptides containing C-terminal diaryl phosphonates and those with phosphonic fragment replacing peptide bond were comprehensively reviewed, this review concentrate on peptides holding free, unsubstituted phosphonic acid moiety. There are two groups of such mimetics: (i) peptides in which aminophosphonic acid is located at C-terminus of the peptide chain with most of them (including antibiotics isolated from bacteria and fungi) exhibiting antimicrobial activity; (ii) non-hydrolysable analogues of phosphonoamino acids, which are useful tools to study physiologic effects of phosphorylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kafarski
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-305 Wrocław Poland
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5
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Tripolszky A, Tóth E, Szabó PT, Hackler L, Kari B, Puskás LG, Bálint E. Synthesis and In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activity of Novel 1,2,3-Triazol-5-yl-phosphonates. Molecules 2020; 25:E2643. [PMID: 32517229 PMCID: PMC7321403 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel 1,2,3-triazol-5-yl-phosphonates were prepared by the copper(I)-catalyzed domino reaction of phenylacetylene, organic azides and dialkyl phosphites. The process was optimized on the synthesis of the dibutyl (1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl)phosphonate in respect of the catalyst, the base and the solvent, as well as of the reaction parameters (molar ratio of the starting materials, atmosphere, temperature and reaction time). The method elaborated could be applied to a range of organic azides and dialkyl phosphites, which confirmed the large scope and the functional group tolerance. The in vitro cytotoxicity on different cell lines and the antibacterial activity of the synthesized 1,2,3-triazol-5-yl-phosphonates was explored. According to the IC50 values determined, only modest antibacterial effect was detected, while some derivatives showed moderate activity against human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tripolszky
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary; (A.T.); (E.T.)
| | - Emese Tóth
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary; (A.T.); (E.T.)
| | - Pál Tamás Szabó
- MS Metabolomics Laboratory, Instrumentation Center, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - László Hackler
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (L.H.J.); (B.K.)
| | - Beáta Kari
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (L.H.J.); (B.K.)
| | - László G. Puskás
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (L.H.J.); (B.K.)
| | - Erika Bálint
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary; (A.T.); (E.T.)
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6
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Hardman G, Perkins S, Brownridge PJ, Clarke CJ, Byrne DP, Campbell AE, Kalyuzhnyy A, Myall A, Eyers PA, Jones AR, Eyers CE. Strong anion exchange-mediated phosphoproteomics reveals extensive human non-canonical phosphorylation. EMBO J 2019; 38:e100847. [PMID: 31433507 PMCID: PMC6826212 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation is a key regulator of protein function under (patho)physiological conditions, and defining site-specific phosphorylation is essential to understand basic and disease biology. In vertebrates, the investigative focus has primarily been on serine, threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation, but mounting evidence suggests that phosphorylation of other "non-canonical" amino acids also regulates critical aspects of cell biology. However, standard methods of phosphoprotein characterisation are largely unsuitable for the analysis of non-canonical phosphorylation due to their relative instability under acidic conditions and/or elevated temperature. Consequently, the complete landscape of phosphorylation remains unexplored. Here, we report an unbiased phosphopeptide enrichment strategy based on strong anion exchange (SAX) chromatography (UPAX), which permits identification of histidine (His), arginine (Arg), lysine (Lys), aspartate (Asp), glutamate (Glu) and cysteine (Cys) phosphorylation sites on human proteins by mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics. Remarkably, under basal conditions, and having accounted for false site localisation probabilities, the number of unique non-canonical phosphosites is approximately one-third of the number of observed canonical phosphosites. Our resource reveals the previously unappreciated diversity of protein phosphorylation in human cells, and opens up avenues for high-throughput exploration of non-canonical phosphorylation in all organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Hardman
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Simon Perkins
- Department of Comparative and Functional Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Philip J Brownridge
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher J Clarke
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dominic P Byrne
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amy E Campbell
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anton Kalyuzhnyy
- Department of Comparative and Functional Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ashleigh Myall
- Department of Comparative and Functional Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Patrick A Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew R Jones
- Department of Comparative and Functional Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claire E Eyers
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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7
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Tripolszky A, Tóth E, Bálint E. Synthesis of 1,2,3-triazolyl-5-diethylphosphonate by domino reaction. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2018.1547727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tripolszky
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emese Tóth
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Bálint
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
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8
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Makwana MV, Muimo R, Jackson RF. Advances in development of new tools for the study of phosphohistidine. J Transl Med 2018; 98:291-303. [PMID: 29200202 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is an important post-translational modification that is an integral part of cellular function. The O-phosphorylated amino-acid residues, such as phosphoserine (pSer), phosphothreonine (pThr) and phosphotyrosine (pTyr), have dominated the literature while the acid labile N-linked phosphorylated amino acids, such as phosphohistidine (pHis), have largely been historically overlooked because of the acidic conditions routinely used in amino-acid detection and analysis. This review highlights some misinterpretations that have arisen in the existing literature, pinpoints outstanding questions and potential future directions to clarify the role of pHis in mammalian signalling systems. Particular emphasis is placed on pHis isomerization and the hybrid functionality for both pHis and pTyr of the proposed τ-pHis analogue bearing the triazole residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul V Makwana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Richmond Muimo
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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9
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Fuhs SR, Hunter T. pHisphorylation: the emergence of histidine phosphorylation as a reversible regulatory modification. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 45:8-16. [PMID: 28129587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Histidine phosphorylation is crucial for prokaryotic signal transduction and as an intermediate for several metabolic enzymes, yet its role in mammalian cells remains largely uncharted. This is primarily caused by difficulties in studying histidine phosphorylation because of the relative instability of phosphohistidine (pHis) and lack of specific antibodies and methods to preserve and detect it. The recent synthesis of stable pHis analogs has enabled development of pHis-specific antibodies and their use has started to shed light onto this important, yet enigmatic posttranslational modification. We are beginning to understand that pHis has broader roles in protein and cellular function including; cell cycle regulation, phagocytosis, regulation of ion channel activity and metal ion coordination. Two mammalian histidine kinases (NME1 and NME2), two pHis phosphatases (PHPT1 and LHPP), and a handful of substrates were previously identified. These new tools have already led to the discovery of an additional phosphatase (PGAM5) and hundreds of putative substrates. New methodologies are also being developed to probe the pHis phosphoproteome and determine functional consequences, including negative ion mode mass spectroscopy and unnatural amino acid incorporation. These new tools and strategies have the potential to overcome the unique challenges that have been holding back our understanding of pHis in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Rush Fuhs
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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10
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Behrendt R, White P, Offer J. Advances in Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:4-27. [PMID: 26785684 PMCID: PMC4745034 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Today, Fmoc SPPS is the method of choice for peptide synthesis. Very-high-quality Fmoc building blocks are available at low cost because of the economies of scale arising from current multiton production of therapeutic peptides by Fmoc SPPS. Many modified derivatives are commercially available as Fmoc building blocks, making synthetic access to a broad range of peptide derivatives straightforward. The number of synthetic peptides entering clinical trials has grown continuously over the last decade, and recent advances in the Fmoc SPPS technology are a response to the growing demand from medicinal chemistry and pharmacology. Improvements are being continually reported for peptide quality, synthesis time and novel synthetic targets. Topical peptide research has contributed to a continuous improvement and expansion of Fmoc SPPS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Behrendt
- Novabiochem, Merck & CieIm Laternenacker 58200SchaffhausenSwitzerland
| | - Peter White
- Novabiochem, Merck Chemicals LtdPadge RoadBeestonNG9 2JRUK
| | - John Offer
- The Francis Crick Institute215 Euston RoadLondonNW1 2BEUK
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