1
|
Kang SW, Antoney J, Frkic RL, Lupton DW, Speight R, Scott C, Jackson CJ. Asymmetric Ene-Reduction of α,β-Unsaturated Compounds by F 420-Dependent Oxidoreductases A Enzymes from Mycobacterium smegmatis. Biochemistry 2023; 62:873-891. [PMID: 36637210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective reduction of alkenes conjugated to electron-withdrawing groups by ene-reductases has been extensively applied to the commercial preparation of fine chemicals. Although several different enzyme families are known to possess ene-reductase activity, the old yellow enzyme (OYE) family has been the most thoroughly investigated. Recently, it was shown that a subset of ene-reductases belonging to the flavin/deazaflavin oxidoreductase (FDOR) superfamily exhibit enantioselectivity that is generally complementary to that seen in the OYE family. These enzymes belong to one of several FDOR subgroups that use the unusual deazaflavin cofactor F420. Here, we explore several enzymes of the FDOR-A subgroup, characterizing their substrate range and enantioselectivity with 20 different compounds, identifying enzymes (MSMEG_2027 and MSMEG_2850) that could reduce a wide range of compounds stereoselectively. For example, MSMEG_2027 catalyzed the complete conversion of both isomers of citral to (R)-citronellal with 99% ee, while MSMEG_2850 catalyzed complete conversion of ketoisophorone to (S)-levodione with 99% ee. Protein crystallography combined with computational docking has allowed the observed stereoselectivity to be mechanistically rationalized for two enzymes. These findings add further support for the FDOR and OYE families of ene-reductases displaying general stereocomplementarity to each other and highlight their potential value in asymmetric ene-reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suk Woo Kang
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory2601, Australia.,Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung25451, Republic of Korea
| | - James Antoney
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory2601, Australia.,School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland4000, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland4000, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Frkic
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory2601, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide & Protein Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory2601, Australia
| | - David W Lupton
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria3800, Australia
| | - Robert Speight
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland4000, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland4000, Australia
| | - Colin Scott
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Clayton, Victoria3168, Australia.,CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory2601, Australia
| | - Colin J Jackson
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory2601, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory2601, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide & Protein Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Garabedian BM, Meadows CW, Mingardon F, Guenther JM, de Rond T, Abourjeily R, Lee TS. An automated workflow to screen alkene reductases using high-throughput thin layer chromatography. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:184. [PMID: 33292503 PMCID: PMC7653764 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01821-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic biology efforts often require high-throughput screening tools for enzyme engineering campaigns. While innovations in chromatographic and mass spectrometry-based techniques provide relevant structural information associated with enzyme activity, these approaches can require cost-intensive instrumentation and technical expertise not broadly available. Moreover, complex workflows and analysis time can significantly impact throughput. To this end, we develop an automated, 96-well screening platform based on thin layer chromatography (TLC) and use it to monitor in vitro activity of a geranylgeranyl reductase isolated from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (SaGGR). RESULTS Unreduced SaGGR products are oxidized to their corresponding epoxide and applied to thin layer silica plates by acoustic printing. These derivatives are chromatographically separated based on the extent of epoxidation and are covalently ligated to a chromophore, allowing detection of enzyme variants with unique product distributions or enhanced reductase activity. Herein, we employ this workflow to examine farnesol reduction using a codon-saturation mutagenesis library at the Leu377 site of SaGGR. We show this TLC-based screen can distinguish between fourfold differences in enzyme activity for select mutants and validated those results by GC-MS. CONCLUSIONS With appropriate quantitation methods, this workflow can be used to screen polyprenyl reductase activity and can be readily adapted to analyze broader catalyst libraries whose products are amenable to TLC analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Garabedian
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Corey W Meadows
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Joel M Guenther
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Tristan de Rond
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Raya Abourjeily
- Total Raffinage Chimie, 2 Pl. Jean Millier, 92400, Courbevoie, France
| | - Taek Soon Lee
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Toogood HS, Scrutton NS. Discovery, Characterisation, Engineering and Applications of Ene Reductases for Industrial Biocatalysis. ACS Catal 2019; 8:3532-3549. [PMID: 31157123 PMCID: PMC6542678 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies of multiple enzyme families collectively referred to as ene-reductases (ERs) have highlighted potential industrial application of these biocatalysts in the production of fine and speciality chemicals. Processes have been developed whereby ERs contribute to synthetic routes as isolated enzymes, components of multi-enzyme cascades, and more recently in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology programmes using microbial cell factories to support chemicals production. The discovery of ERs from previously untapped sources and the expansion of directed evolution screening programmes, coupled to deeper mechanistic understanding of ER reactions, have driven their use in natural product and chemicals synthesis. Here we review developments, challenges and opportunities for the use of ERs in fine and speciality chemicals manufacture. The ER research field is rapidly expanding and the focus of this review is on developments that have emerged predominantly over the last 4 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen S. Toogood
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Nigel S. Scrutton
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou J, Xu G, Han R, Dong J, Zhang W, Zhang R, Ni Y. Carbonyl group-dependent high-throughput screening and enzymatic characterization of diaromatic ketone reductase. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00922k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a carbonyl group-dependent colorimetric method for assay of carbonyl reductases using inexpensive 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Guochao Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Ruizhi Han
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Jinjun Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Rongzhen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Ye Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lonsdale R, Reetz MT. Reduction of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones by Old Yellow Enzymes: Mechanistic Insights from Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Calculations. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14733-42. [PMID: 26521678 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enoate reductases catalyze the reduction of activated C═C bonds with high enantioselectivity. The oxidative half-reaction, which involves the addition of a hydride and a proton to opposite faces of the C═C bond, has been studied for the first time by hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM). The reduction of 2-cyclohexen-1-one by YqjM from Bacillus subtilis was selected as the model system. Two-dimensional QM/MM (B3LYP-D/OPLS2005) reaction pathways suggest that the hydride and proton are added as distinct steps, with the former step preceding the latter. Furthermore, we present interesting insights into the reactivity of this enzyme, including the weak binding of the substrate in the active site, the role of the two active site histidine residues for polarization of the substrate C═O bond, structural details of the transition states to hydride and proton transfer, and the role of Tyr196 as proton donor. The information presented here will be useful for the future design of enantioselective YqjM mutants for other substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lonsdale
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Fachbereich Chemie der Philipps-Universität , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Manfred T Reetz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Fachbereich Chemie der Philipps-Universität , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|