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Wagh SB, Maslivetc VA, La Clair JJ, Kornienko A. Lessons in Organic Fluorescent Probe Discovery. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3109-3139. [PMID: 34062039 PMCID: PMC8595615 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes have gained profound use in biotechnology, drug discovery, medical diagnostics, molecular and cell biology. The development of methods for the translation of fluorophores into fluorescent probes continues to be a robust field for medicinal chemists and chemical biologists, alike. Access to new experimental designs has enabled molecular diversification and led to the identification of new approaches to probe discovery. This review provides a synopsis of the recent lessons in modern fluorescent probe discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin B Wagh
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, USA
| | - Vladimir A Maslivetc
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, USA
| | - James J La Clair
- Xenobe Research Institute, P. O. Box 3052, San Diego, CA, 92163-1062, USA
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, USA
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2
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Biswas S, Porashar B, Arandhara PJ, Saikia AK. Synthesis of pyrimido[2,1- a]isoindolone and isoindolo[2,1- a]quinazolinone via intramolecular aza-Prins type reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11701-11704. [PMID: 34693411 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04554g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel aza-Prins type cyclization reaction involving N-acyliminium ions and amides is reported for the synthesis of tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-a]isoindole-2,6-dione and 6,6a-dihydroisoindolo[2,1-a]quinazoline-5,11-dione derivatives in excellent yields. The strategy features inexpensive reagents, mild reaction conditions, and metal-free synthesis of N-heterocyclic frameworks. Further, post-synthetic modification results in the unprecedented formation of its triazole, tetracyclic diazacyclopenta[def]phenanthrene-1,4(9a1H)-dione and carbonyl derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhamoy Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Bikoshita Porashar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Pallav Jyoti Arandhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Anil K Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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3
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Abstract
A new catalyst system for the antiarylative cyclization of alkynones and aryl halides through a reductive cross-coupling strategy is developed. The transformation proceeds smoothly in the absence of organometallic reagents and features high functional group tolerance. This method provides an effective platform to access a wide variety of synthetically useful endocyclic tetrasubstituted allylic alcohols in a stereoselective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhou
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P.R. China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P.R. China
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4
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Jaremko MJ, Davis TD, Corpuz JC, Burkart MD. Type II non-ribosomal peptide synthetase proteins: structure, mechanism, and protein-protein interactions. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:355-379. [PMID: 31593192 PMCID: PMC7101270 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00047j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1990 to 2019 Many medicinally-relevant compounds are derived from non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) products. Type I NRPSs are organized into large modular complexes, while type II NRPS systems contain standalone or minimal domains that often encompass specialized tailoring enzymes that produce bioactive metabolites. Protein-protein interactions and communication between the type II biosynthetic machinery and various downstream pathways are critical for efficient metabolite production. Importantly, the architecture of type II NRPS proteins makes them ideal targets for combinatorial biosynthesis and metabolic engineering. Future investigations exploring the molecular basis or protein-protein recognition in type II NRPS pathways will guide these engineering efforts. In this review, we consolidate the broad range of NRPS systems containing type II proteins and focus on structural investigations, enzymatic mechanisms, and protein-protein interactions important to unraveling pathways that produce unique metabolites, including dehydrogenated prolines, substituted benzoic acids, substituted amino acids, and cyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt J Jaremko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Tony D Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Joshua C Corpuz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Michael D Burkart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0358, USA.
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Corpuz JC, Podust LM, Davis TD, Jaremko MJ, Burkart MD. Dynamic visualization of type II peptidyl carrier protein recognition in pyoluteorin biosynthesis. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 1:8-12. [PMID: 33305272 PMCID: PMC7723355 DOI: 10.1039/c9cb00015a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a covalent chemical probe and X-ray crystallography coupled to nuclear magnetic resonance data, we elucidated the dynamic molecular basis of protein recognition between the carrier protein and adenylation domain in pyoluteorin biosynthesis. These findings reveal a unique binding mode, which contrasts previously solved carrier protein and partner protein interfaces. The interface interactions of a type II peptidyl carrier protein and partner enzyme are observed to be unique and dynamic.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Corpuz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Larissa M Podust
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0755, USA
| | - Tony D Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Matt J Jaremko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Michael D Burkart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
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6
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Sahu AK, Unnava R, Shit S, Saikia AK. In(OTf) 3-Catalyzed One-Pot Tandem Mannich and Conia-Ene Cyclization Reaction of N-Propargyl Amido Alcohols with 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds: An Approach To Construct Tetrahydro-1 H-pyrrolo[2,1- a]isoindolone-1,1-dicarboxylate and Its Application. J Org Chem 2020; 85:1961-1971. [PMID: 31912735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot tandem reaction has been developed for the synthesis of substituted tetrahydropyrroloisoindolone via Mannich reaction of N-propargyl amido alcohols with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds followed by Conia-ene cyclization reaction in moderate to good yields catalyzed by indium(III)triflate [In(OTf)3]. The reaction is highly regioselective with an exo-cyclic double bond in the pyrrolidine ring. The substituted tetrahydropyrroloisoindolone can be converted to 5H-pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-one via decarboxylative aromatization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari Sahu
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , India
| | - Ramanjaneyulu Unnava
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , India
| | - Sudip Shit
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , India
| | - Anil K Saikia
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , India
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7
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Marine Pharmacology in 2014-2015: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis, Antiviral, and Anthelmintic Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems, and Other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action. Mar Drugs 2019; 18:md18010005. [PMID: 31861527 PMCID: PMC7024264 DOI: 10.3390/md18010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic review of the marine pharmacology literature from 2014 to 2015 was completed in a manner consistent with the 1998-2013 reviews of this series. Research in marine pharmacology during 2014-2015, which was reported by investigators in 43 countries, described novel findings on the preclinical pharmacology of 301 marine compounds. These observations included antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, antiviral, and anthelmintic pharmacological activities for 133 marine natural products, 85 marine compounds with antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as those that affected the immune and nervous system, and 83 marine compounds that displayed miscellaneous mechanisms of action, and may probably contribute to novel pharmacological classes upon further research. Thus, in 2014-2015, the preclinical marine natural product pharmacology pipeline provided novel pharmacology as well as new lead compounds for the clinical marine pharmaceutical pipeline, and thus continued to contribute to ongoing global research for alternative therapeutic approaches to many disease categories.
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Simic M, Tasic G, Jovanovic P, Petkovic M, Savic V. Preparation of pyrrolizinone derivatives via sequential transformations of cyclic allyl imides: synthesis of quinolactacide and marinamide. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:2125-2133. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00260f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A facile synthetic route toward the preparation of pyrrolizinone derivatives has been developed and applied for the synthesis of quinolactacide/marinamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Simic
- University of Belgrade
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- 11221 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Gordana Tasic
- University of Belgrade
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- 11221 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Predrag Jovanovic
- University of Belgrade
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- 11221 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Milos Petkovic
- University of Belgrade
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- 11221 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Vladimir Savic
- University of Belgrade
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- 11221 Belgrade
- Serbia
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9
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Dasari R, La Clair JJ, Kornienko A. Irreversible Protein Labeling by Paal-Knorr Conjugation. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1792-1796. [PMID: 28715110 PMCID: PMC5766258 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of new chemical reactions in a biological context has advanced bioconjugation methods for both fundamental research and commercial arenas. Recent adaptations of reactions such as Huisgen 1,3-dipolar or Diels-Alder cycloadditions have enabled the labeling of specific residues in biomolecules by the attachment of molecules carrying azides, alkynes, or strained alkenes. Although these are fundamental tools, there is a need for the discovery of reactions that can label native proteins. We report herein the adaptation of the Paal-Knorr reaction to label lysine residues in proteins via pyrrole linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Dasari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - James J La Clair
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Xenobe Research Institute, P. O. Box 3052, San Diego, CA, 92163, USA
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
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10
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Abstract
Covering: 2015. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2016, 33, 382-431This review covers the literature published in 2015 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 1220 citations (792 for the period January to December 2015) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1340 in 429 papers for 2015), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Murray H G Munro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Michèle R Prinsep
- Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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11
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Abstract
The first total synthesis of the methyl-protected (±)-chlorizidine A has been achieved in 10 steps. Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling and late-stage oxidation were utilized to construct the 5H-pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-one scaffold. Samarium(II) iodide mediated Reformatsky reaction and intramolecular Mitsunobu reactions were efficiently applied for the synthesis of the 2,3-dihydropyrrolizine ring system. Chlorizidine A is highly prone to degradation; hence, methyl-protected (±)-chlorizidine A was prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti P Mahajan
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411 008, India
| | - Santosh B Mhaske
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411 008, India
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12
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Ambrose AJ, Santos EA, Jimenez PC, Rocha DD, Wilke DV, Beuzer P, Axelrod J, Kumar Kanduluru A, Fuchs PL, Cang H, Costa-Lotufo LV, Chapman E, La Clair JJ. Ritterostatin G N 1 N , a Cephalostatin-Ritterazine Bis-steroidal Pyrazine Hybrid, Selectively Targets GRP78. Chembiochem 2017; 18:506-510. [PMID: 28074539 PMCID: PMC5562448 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Natural products discovered by using agnostic approaches, unlike rationally designed leads or those obtained through high-throughput screening, offer the ability to reveal new biological pathways and, hence, serve as an important vehicle to unveil new avenues in drug discovery. The ritterazine-cephalostatin family of natural products displays robust and potent antitumor activities, with sub-nanomolar growth inhibition against multiple cell lines and potent activity in xenograft models. Herein, we used comparative cellular and molecular biological methods to uncover the ritterazine-cephalostatin cytotoxic mode of action (MOA) in human tumor cells. Our findings indicated that, whereas ritterostatin GN 1N , a cephalostatin-ritterazine hybrid, binds to multiple HSP70s, its cellular trafficking confines activity to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-based HSP70 isoform, GRP78. This targeting results in activation of the unfolding protein response (UPR) and subsequent apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ambrose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P. O. Box 210207, Tuscon, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Evelyne A Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60.430-270, Brazil
| | - Paula C Jimenez
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60.430-270, Brazil
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, 11.070-100, Brazil
| | - Danilo D Rocha
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60.430-270, Brazil
| | - Diego V Wilke
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60.430-270, Brazil
| | - Paolo Beuzer
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Josh Axelrod
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ananda Kumar Kanduluru
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Present address: On Target Laboratories, 1281 Win Hentschel Boulevard, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Philip L Fuchs
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Hu Cang
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Letícia V Costa-Lotufo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60.430-270, Brazil
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P. O. Box 210207, Tuscon, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - James J La Clair
- Xenobe Research Institute, P. O. Box 3052, San Diego, CA, 92163-1052, USA
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Beuzer P, Axelrod J, Trzoss L, Fenical W, Dasari R, Evidente A, Kornienko A, Cang H, La Clair JJ. Single dish gradient screening of small molecule localization. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8241-5. [PMID: 27530345 PMCID: PMC5284121 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01418f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding trafficking in cells and tissues is one of the most critical steps in exploring the mechanisms and modes of action (MOAs) of a small molecule. Typically, deciphering the role of concentration presents one of the most difficult challenges associated with this task. Herein, we present a practical solution to this problem by developing concentration gradients within single dishes of cells. We demonstrate the method by evaluating fluorescently-labelled probes developed from two classes of natural products that have been identified as potential anti-cancer leads by STORM super-resolution microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Beuzer
- The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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14
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Beuzer P, La Clair JJ, Cang H. Color-Coded Super-Resolution Small-Molecule Imaging. Chembiochem 2016; 17:999-1003. [PMID: 26994590 PMCID: PMC5291120 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the development of super-resolution microscopy dates back to 1994, its applications have been primarily focused on visualizing cellular structures and targets, including proteins, DNA and sugars. We now report on a system that allows both monitoring of the localization of exogenous small molecules in live cells at low resolution and subsequent super-resolution imaging by using stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) on fixed cells. This represents a powerful new tool to understand the dynamics of subcellular trafficking associated with the mode and mechanism of action of exogenous small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Beuzer
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, 10010 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - James J La Clair
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, 10010 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Xenobe Research Institute, P. O. Box 3052, San Diego, CA, 92163-1052, USA.
| | - Hu Cang
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, 10010 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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