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Ding Y, Liu Q. Targeting the nucleic acid oxidative damage repair enzyme MTH1: a promising therapeutic option. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1334417. [PMID: 38357002 PMCID: PMC10864502 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1334417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a pivotal role in the development of various diseases, including cancer. Elevated ROS levels cause oxidative stress, resulting in detrimental effects on organisms and enabling tumors to develop adaptive responses. Targeting these enhanced oxidative stress protection mechanisms could offer therapeutic benefits with high specificity, as normal cells exhibit lower dependency on these pathways. MTH1 (mutT homolog 1), a homolog of Escherichia coli's MutT, is crucial in this context. It sanitizes the nucleotide pool, preventing incorporation of oxidized nucleotides, thus safeguarding DNA integrity. This study explores MTH1's potential as a therapeutic target, particularly in cancer treatment, providing insights into its structure, function, and role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
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Shi H, Ishikawa R, Heh CH, Sasaki S, Taniguchi Y. Development of MTH1-Binding Nucleotide Analogs Based on 7,8-Dihalogenated 7-Deaza-dG Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031274. [PMID: 33525366 PMCID: PMC7866122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MTH1 is an enzyme that hydrolyzes 8-oxo-dGTP, which is an oxidatively damaged nucleobase, into 8-oxo-dGMP in nucleotide pools to prevent its mis-incorporation into genomic DNA. Selective and potent MTH1-binding molecules have potential as biological tools and drug candidates. We recently developed 8-halogenated 7-deaza-dGTP as an 8-oxo-dGTP mimic and found that it was not hydrolyzed, but inhibited enzyme activity. To further increase MTH1 binding, we herein designed and synthesized 7,8-dihalogenated 7-deaza-dG derivatives. We successfully synthesized multiple derivatives, including substituted nucleosides and nucleotides, using 7-deaza-dG as a starting material. Evaluations of the inhibition of MTH1 activity revealed the strong inhibitory effects on enzyme activity of the 7,8-dihalogenated 7-deaza-dG derivatives, particularly 7,8-dibromo 7-daza-dGTP. Based on the results obtained on kinetic parameters and from computational docking simulating studies, these nucleotide analogs interacted with the active site of MTH1 and competitively inhibited the substrate 8-oxodGTP. Therefore, novel properties of repair enzymes in cells may be elucidated using new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (H.S.); (R.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Ren Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (H.S.); (R.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Choon Han Heh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Shigeki Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (H.S.); (R.I.); (S.S.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch Machi, Sasebo City, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Yosuke Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (H.S.); (R.I.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-642-6569
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Yin Y, Chen F. Targeting human MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) for cancer eradication: current progress and perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:2259-2271. [PMID: 33354500 PMCID: PMC7745060 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Since accelerated metabolism produces much higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells compared to ROS levels found in normal cells, human MutT homolog 1 (MTH1), which sanitizes oxidized nucleotide pools, was recently demonstrated to be crucial for the survival of cancer cells, but not required for the proliferation of normal cells. Therefore, dozens of MTH1 inhibitors have been developed with the aim of suppressing cancer growth by accumulating oxidative damage in cancer cells. While several inhibitors were indeed confirmed to be effective, some inhibitors failed to kill cancer cells, complicating MTH1 as a viable target for cancer eradication. In this review, we summarize the current status of developing MTH1 inhibitors as drug candidates, classify the MTH1 inhibitors based on their structures, and offer our perspectives toward the therapeutic potential against cancer through the targeting of MTH1.
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Key Words
- AI, 7-azaindole
- AID, 7-azaindazole
- AP, aminopyrimidine
- AQ, amidoquinolines
- AZ, 2-aminoquinazoline
- Anticancer
- CETSA, cellular thermal shift assay
- CR, cyclometalated ruthenium
- DDR, DNA damage response
- DNA repair
- F, fragment
- FP, farnesyl phenolic
- IC50, half-maximal inhibitory concentrations
- Inhibitor
- MMR, DNA mismatch repair
- MTH1
- MTH1, human MutT homolog 1
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- Oxidized nucleotide
- P, purinone
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PM, purinone macrocycle
- Pu, purine
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TLR7, Toll-like receptor 7
- TPP, thermal proteome profiling
- TS-FITGE, thermal stability shift-based fluorescence difference in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Yin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 21 65643811.
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Thavoncharoensub N, Maruyama K, Heh CH, Hoong Leong K, Shi H, Shigematsu Y, Sasaki S, Taniguchi Y. Synthesis of γ-N-modified 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine triphosphate and its characterization. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 38:578-589. [PMID: 30929604 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2019.1586919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
8-OxodGTP is generated by the reaction between dGTP and reactive oxygen species and a considered mutagenic nucleotide. It can be incorporated into the duplex DNA during replication processes by the DNA polymerase, and thus the repair enzyme removes oxodGTP from the nucleotide pools in living cells. On the other hand, the γ-modified triphosphates show interesting properties for use as biological tools. Therefore, the γ-N-pyrenylalkyl-oxodGTP derivatives were synthesized and their effect on the enzymatic reactions were evaluated. The γ-N-pyrenylmethyl-oxodGTP was found to be accepted by the DNA polymerase just like oxodGTP, but showed a competitive inhibition property for the human oxodGTPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninticha Thavoncharoensub
- a Department of Medicinal Sciences , Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University , Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan.,b Department of Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Kento Maruyama
- a Department of Medicinal Sciences , Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University , Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Choon Han Heh
- c Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Kok Hoong Leong
- c Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Hui Shi
- a Department of Medicinal Sciences , Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University , Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Shigematsu
- a Department of Medicinal Sciences , Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University , Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Shigeki Sasaki
- a Department of Medicinal Sciences , Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University , Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Yosuke Taniguchi
- a Department of Medicinal Sciences , Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University , Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan
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Gao Y, Zhu L, Guo J, Yuan T, Wang L, Li H, Chen L. Farnesyl phenolic enantiomers as natural MTH1 inhibitors from Ganoderma sinense. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95865-95879. [PMID: 29221173 PMCID: PMC5707067 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are more addictive to MTH1 than normal cells because of their dysfunctional redox regulations. MTH1 plays an important role to maintain tumor cell survival, while it is not indispensable for the growth of normal cells. Farnesyl phenols having a coumaroyl substitution are rather uncommon in nature. Eight farnesyl phenolic compounds with such substituent moiety (1-8), including six new ones, ganosinensols E-J (1-6) were isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinense. Four pairs of enantiomers 1/2, 3/4, 5/6 and 7/8 were resolved by HPLC using a Daicel Chiralpak IE column. Their structures were elucidated from extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature data. The absolute configurations of C-1' in 1-6 were assigned by ECD spectra. These compounds were predicted to have high binding affinity to MTH1 through virtual ligand screening. The enzyme inhibition experiments and cell-based assays confirmed their inhibitory effects on MTH1. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown experiments and the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) confirmed that the farnesyl phenolic enantiomers specifically bound with MTH1 in intact cells. Meanwhile, the low cytotoxicity of 1-8 on normal human cells further verified their good selectivity and specificity to MTH1. These active structures are expected to be potential anti-cancer lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihan Zhu
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqing Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
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Taniguchi Y. Development of Damaged Nucleoside Mimics for Inhibition of Their Repair Enzymes. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:293-300. [PMID: 28250323 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) is a representative of nucleoside damage, which is generated by the reaction of the 8 position of dG with reactive oxygen species. Abundant 8-oxo-dG in DNA exhibits genotoxicity and has been linked to aging and disease, such as cancer. As the metabolism of cancer cells is much faster than that of normal cells, the oxidized product of the oligonucleotides and the nucleotide pool produces 8-oxo-dG and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-dGTP), respectively. Human oxoguanine glycosylase (hOGG1) shows base excision activity for 8-oxo-dG in duplex DNA. On the other hand, human mutT homologue protein (hMTH1, also known as NUDT1) is important for oxidized nucleotide removal including 8-oxo-dGTP, and it is reported that the presence of hMTH1 is not essential for normal cells but is required for the survival of cancer cells. Therefore, we designed and synthesized 8-halogenated 7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine triphosphate (8-halo-7-deaza-dGTP) derivatives as mimics of 8-oxo-dGTP in order to interact with hMTH1. The 8-halo-7-deaza-dGTP derivatives were poor substrates for but strong binders to hMTH1. Interestingly, they exhibited strong competitive inhibition of hMTH1 in the hydrolysis of 8-oxo-dGTP. This inhibitory effect is caused by the slower rate of hydrolysis due to possible small enzyme structural changes. Although the detailed inhibition mechanism of the hydrolysis activity of hMTH1 is unknown, this result is the first to demonstrate the potential of nucleoside triphosphate derivatives as antitumor agents.
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Effects of 8-halo-7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine triphosphate on DNA synthesis by DNA polymerases and cell proliferation. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3856-61. [PMID: 27372838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
8-OxodG (8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine) is representative of nucleoside damage and shows a genotoxicity. To significantly reveal the contributions of 7-NH and C8-oxygen to the mutagenic effect of 8-oxodG by DNA polymerases, we evaluated the effects of the 8-halo-7-deaza-dG (8-halogenated 7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine) derivatives by DNA polymerases. 8-Halo-7-deaza-dGTPs were poorly incorporated by both KF(exo(-)) and human DNA polymerase β opposite dC or dA into the template DNA. Furthermore, it was found that KF(exo(-)) was very sensitive to the introduction of the C8-halogen, while polymerase β can accommodate the C8-halogen resulting in an efficient dCTP insertion opposite the 8-halo-7-deaza-dG in the template DNA. These results indicate that strong hydrogen bonding between 7-NH in the 8-oxo-G nucleobase and 1-N in the adenine at the active site of the DNA polymerase is required for the mutagenic effects. Whereas, I-deaza-dGTP shows an antiproliferative effect for the HeLa cells, suggesting that it could become a candidate as a new antitumor agent.
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