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Luo K, Yang Q, Liu Y, Sun C, Liu S. Aldgamycins Q 1 and Q 2, two novel 16-membered macrolides from the rare actinomycete Saccharothrix sp. 16Sb2-4. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2024:10.1038/s41429-024-00775-7. [PMID: 39322834 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-024-00775-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Two novel 16-membered macrolides, named aldgamycin Q1 (1) and Q2 (2), were isolated from the culture broth of the rare actinomycete Saccharothrix sp. 16Sb2-4. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated as new aldgamycin analogs with a demethylated mycinose residue by spectroscopic analyses and comparison with data of aldgamycin K. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate to weak antibacterial activities against Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii, with MIC values ranging from 16 to 64 μg mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Luo
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyu Liu
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghang Sun
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, China.
| | - Shaowei Liu
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, China.
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Poudel PB, Pandey RP, Dhakal D, Kim TS, Nguyen TTH, Jung HJ, Shin HJ, Timalsina B, Sohng JK. Functional Characterization of a Regiospecific Sugar- O-Methyltransferase from Nocardia. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0075422. [PMID: 35703553 PMCID: PMC9275233 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00754-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyltransferases transfer a methyl group to a diverse group of natural products, thus providing structural diversity, stability, and altered pharmacological properties to the molecules. A limited number of regiospecific sugar-O-methyltransferases are functionally characterized. Thus, discovery of such an enzyme could solve the difficulties of biological production of methoxy derivatives of glycosylated molecules. In the current study, a regiospecific sugar-O-methyltransferase, ThnM1, belonging to the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) of 1-(α-L-(2-O-methyl)-6-deoxymannopyranosyloxy)-3,6,8-trimethoxynaphthalene produced by Nocardia sp. strain CS682, was analyzed and functionally characterized. ThnM1 demonstrated promiscuity to diverse chemical structures such as rhamnose-containing anthraquinones and flavonoids with regiospecific methylation at the 2'-hydroxyl group of the sugar moiety. Compared with other compounds, anthraquinone rhamnosides were found to be the preferred substrates for methylation. Thus, the enzyme was further employed for whole-cell biotransformation using engineered Escherichia coli to produce a methoxy-rhamnosyl derivative of quinizarin, an anthraquinone derivative. The structure of the newly generated derivative from Escherichia coli fermentation was elucidated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses and identified as quinizarin-4-O-α-l-2-O-methylrhamnoside (QRM). Further, the biological impact of methylation was studied by comparing the cytotoxicity of QRM with that of quinizarin against the U87MG, SNU-1, and A375SM cancer cell lines. IMPORTANCE ThnM1 is a putative sugar-O-methyltransferase produced by the Nocardia sp. strain CS682 and is encoded by a gene belonging to the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) of 1-(α-l-(2-O-methyl)-6-deoxymannopyranosyloxy)-3,6,8-trimethoxynaphthalene. We demonstrated that ThnM1 is a promiscuous enzyme with regiospecific activity at the 2'-OH of rhamnose. As regiospecific methylation of sugars by chemical synthesis is a challenging step, ThnM1 may fill the gap in the potential diversification of natural products by methylating the rhamnose moiety attached to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna Bahadur Poudel
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction (iBR), Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Prasad Pandey
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction (iBR), Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dipesh Dhakal
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction (iBR), Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Su Kim
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction (iBR), Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Trang Thi Huyen Nguyen
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction (iBR), Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jung
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction (iBR), Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Shin
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction (iBR), Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Binod Timalsina
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction (iBR), Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
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Wang Q, Tang X, Dai P, Wang C, Zhang W, Chen G, Hong K, Hu D, Gao H, Yao X. A four-protein metabolon assembled by a small peptide protein creates the pentacyclic carbonate ring of aldgamycins. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:588-597. [PMID: 33643833 PMCID: PMC7893128 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic carbonates (OCs) are a class of compounds featured by a carbonyl flanked by two alkoxy/aryloxy groups. They exist in either linear or cyclic forms, of which the majority encountered in nature adopt a pentacyclic structure. However, the enzymatic basis for pentacyclic carbonate ring formation remains elusive. Here, we reported that a four-protein metabolon (AlmUII-UV) assembled by a small peptide protein (AlmUV) appends a reactive N-hydroxylcarbamoyl moiety to the decarboxylated aldgamycins followed by a non-enzymatic condensation to give the pentacyclic carbonate ring. Our results have documented an unprecedent mechanism for carbonate formation.
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Cao ZQ, Lv JM, Liu Q, Qin SY, Chen GD, Dai P, Zhong Y, Gao H, Yao XS, Hu D. Biosynthetic Study of Cephalosporin P 1 Reveals a Multifunctional P450 Enzyme and a Site-Selective Acetyltransferase. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:44-51. [PMID: 31860257 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fusidane-type antibiotics are a group of triterpenoid antibiotics. They include helvolic acid, fusidic acid, and cephalosporin P1, among which fusidic acid has been used clinically. We have recently elucidated the biosynthesis of helvolic acid and fusidic acid, which share an early biosynthetic route involving six conserved enzymes. Here, we report two separate gene clusters for cephalosporin P1 biosynthesis. One consists of the six conserved genes, and the other contains three genes encoding a P450 enzyme (CepB4), an acetyltransferase (CepD2), and a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (CepC2). Introduction of these three genes into Aspergillus oryzae, which harbors the six conserved genes, produced cephalosporin P1. Stepwise introduction revealed that CepB4 not only catalyzes stereoselective dual oxidation of C6 and C7, but also monooxygenation of C6 or C7. This led to the generation of five new analogues. Using monohydroxylated products as substrates, we demonstrated that CepD2 specifically acetylates C6-OH, although both C6-OH and C7-OH acetylated analogues have been identified in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qin Cao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ming Lv
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Ying Qin
- Clinical Experimental Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Dong Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Dai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhong
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
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Cao Z, Li S, Lv J, Gao H, Chen G, Awakawa T, Abe I, Yao X, Hu D. Biosynthesis of clinically used antibiotic fusidic acid and identification of two short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases with converse stereoselectivity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:433-442. [PMID: 30972287 PMCID: PMC6437595 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusidic acid is the only fusidane-type antibiotic that has been clinically used. However, biosynthesis of this important molecule in fungi is poorly understood. We have recently elucidated the biosynthesis of fusidane-type antibiotic helvolic acid, which provides us with clues to identify a possible gene cluster for fusidic acid (fus cluster). This gene cluster consists of eight genes, among which six are conserved in the helvolic acid gene cluster except fusC1 and fusB1. Introduction of the two genes into the Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1 expressing the conserved six genes led to the production of fusidic acid. A stepwise introduction of fusC1 and fusB1 revealed that the two genes worked independently without a strict reaction order. Notably, we identified two short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase genes fusC1 and fusC2 in the fus cluster, which showed converse stereoselectivity in 3-ketoreduction. This is the first report on the biosynthesis and heterologous expression of fusidic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Cao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shaoyang Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianming Lv
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guodong Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Takayoshi Awakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Dan Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Corresponding authors.
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