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Berehova N, Buckle T, van Meerbeek MP, Bunschoten A, Velders AH, van Leeuwen FWB. Nerve Targeting via Myelin Protein Zero and the Impact of Dimerization on Binding Affinity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249015. [PMID: 36558148 PMCID: PMC9786614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgically induced nerve damage is a common but debilitating side effect. By developing tracers that specifically target the most abundant protein in peripheral myelin, namely myelin protein zero (P0), we intend to support fluorescence-guided nerve-sparing surgery. To that end, we aimed to develop a dimeric tracer that shows a superior affinity for P0. METHODS Following truncation of homotypic P0 protein-based peptide sequences and fluorescence labeling, the lead compound Cy5-P0101-125 was selected. Using a bifunctional fluorescent dye, the dimeric Cy5-(P0101-125)2 was created. Assessment of the performance of the mono- and bi-labeled compounds was based on (photo)physical evaluation. This was followed by in vitro assessment in P0 expressing Schwannoma cell cultures by means of fluorescence confocal imaging (specificity, location of binding) and flow cytometry (binding affinity; KD). RESULTS Dimerization resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in affinity compared to the mono-labeled counterpart (70.3 +/- 10.0 nM vs. 104.9 +/- 16.7 nM; p = 0.003) which resulted in a 4-fold increase in staining efficiency in P0 expressing Schwannoma cells. Presence of two targeting vectors also improves a pharmacokinetics of labeled compounds by lowering serum binding and optical stability by preventing dye stacking. CONCLUSIONS Dimerization of the nerve-targeting peptide P0101-125 proves a valid strategy to improve P0 targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Berehova
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten P. van Meerbeek
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Bunschoten
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aldrik H. Velders
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Shramova EI, Shilova MV, Ryabova AV, Dzhalilova DS, Zolotova NA, Telegin GB, Deyev SM, Proshkina GM. Barnase*Barstar-guided two-step targeting approach for drug delivery to tumor cells in vivo. J Control Release 2021; 340:200-208. [PMID: 34740723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For precise ligation of a targeting and cytotoxic moiety, the use of Barnase-Barstar pair as a molecular glue is proposed for the first time. Targeting was mediated through the use of a scaffold protein DARPin_9-29 specific for the human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2) antigen that is highly expressed on some types of cancer and Barnase*Barstar native bacterial proteins interacted with each other with Kd 10-14 M. The approach proposed consists of prelabeling a target tumor with hybrid protein DARPin-Barnase prior to administration of cytotoxic component-loaded liposomes that have Barstar covalently attached to their surface. Based on in vivo bioimaging we have proven that DARPin-based Barnase*Barstar-mediated pretargeting possesses precise tumor-targeting capability as well as antitumor activity leading to apparent tumor-growth inhibition of primary tumors and distant metastases in experimental animals. The results obtained indicate that the new system combining DARPin and Barnase*Barstar can be useful both for the drug development and for monitoring the response to treatment in vivo in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Shramova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - M V Shilova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - A V Ryabova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova, 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - D S Dzhalilova
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Tsyurupi str 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Zolotova
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Tsyurupi str 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - G B Telegin
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 6, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - S M Deyev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia; Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634 050 Tomsk, Russia; MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), 31 Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - G M Proshkina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia.
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Buckle T, Hensbergen AW, van Willigen DM, Bosse F, Bauwens K, Pelger RCM, van Leeuwen FWB. Intraoperative visualization of nerves using a myelin protein-zero specific fluorescent tracer. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:50. [PMID: 34052912 PMCID: PMC8164657 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgically induced nerve damage is a common but debilitating side effect in oncological surgery. With the aim to use fluorescence guidance to enable nerve-sparing interventions in future surgery, a fluorescent tracer was developed that specifically targets myelin protein zero (P0). RESULTS Truncated homotypic P0 protein-based peptide sequences were C-terminally functionalized with the far-red cyanine dye Cy5. The lead compound Cy5-P0101-125 was selected after initial solubility, (photo)physical and in vitro evaluation (including P0-blocking experiments). Cy5-P0101-125 (KD = 105 ± 17 nM) allowed in vitro and ex vivo P0-related staining. Furthermore, Cy5-P0101-125 enabled in vivo fluorescence imaging of the Sciatic nerve in mice after local intravenous (i.v.) administration and showed compatibility with a clinical fluorescence laparoscope during evaluation in a porcine model undergoing robot-assisted surgery. Biodistribution data revealed that i.v. administered [111In]In-DTPA-P0101-125 does not enter the central nervous system (CNS). CONCLUSION P0101-125 has proven to be a potent nerve-specific agent that is able to target P0/myelin under in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo conditions without posing a threat for CNS-related toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Albertus W Hensbergen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danny M van Willigen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Bosse
- Neurologische Klinik, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Rob C M Pelger
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- ORSI Academy, Melle, Belgium.
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Welling MM, Duszenko N, van Willigen DM, Hensbergen AW, Buckle T, Rietbergen DDD, Roestenberg M, van Leeuwen FWB. Interventional nuclear medicine: "click" chemistry as an in vivo targeting strategy for imaging microspheres and bacteria. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1683-1690. [PMID: 33410436 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01823f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Pre-targeting is a proven strategy for in vivo delivery of a diagnostic or therapeutic payload. The pre-targeting concept can be realized through various conjugation strategies, one of which is based on copper-free "click" chemistry. Copper-free click reactions have shown in vivo potential for imaging and radionuclide therapy, but this conjugation strategy has not yet been explored in combination with microspheres or unicellular organisms. This study aims to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions to achieve imaging and targeting of azide-functionalized macro-aggregated albumin (MAA) microspheres and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. METHODS MAA microspheres (diameter 10-90 μm) were functionalized with a biorthogonal Cy5 fluorophore, bearing an azide functionality (N3), to generate MAA-Cy5-N3. S. aureus (diameter ∼1 μm) were functionalized with 99mTc-UBI29-41-Cy5-N3, generating S. aureus-99mTc-UBI29-41-Cy5-N3. In situ and in vitro click conjugation on the -N3 moieties was studied for 20 h using a radioactivity-based assay and fluorescence microscopy. For in vivo validation, both primary entities, radiolabeled with 99mTc, were deposited into the microvasculature of the liver via intrasplenic injections. Secondary targeting was realized following the intravenous administration of indium-111-radiolabeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-dibenzocyclooctyne (111In-DTPA-DBCO). To assess click reaction efficiency in vivo, 99mTc and 111In-biodistributions were measured (SPECT and %ID g-1). Use of 111In-DTPA-DBCO in mice without MAA deposits or mice infected with non-functionalized S. aureus served as controls. Ex vivo confocal fluorescence imaging was carried out in excised tissues to confirm the presence of functionalized MAA and bacteria. RESULTS In vitro data confirmed effective click reactions on both the MAA particles and the bacterial membrane. SPECT imaging and biodistribution studies revealed significantly (p < 0.05) increased accumulation of 111In-DTPA-DBCO at the sites where MAA-Cy5-N3 (7.5 ± 1.5%ID g-1vs. 3.5 ± 0.5%ID g-1 in control mice) and S. aureus-99mTc-UBI29-41-Cy5-N3 (9.3 ± 1.3%ID g-1vs. 6.0 ± 0.5%ID g-1 in control mice) resided. Ex vivo fluorescence imaging confirmed the presence of either functionalized MAA or S. aureus in excised spleens and livers of mice. CONCLUSION Copper-free click chemistry between a DBCO moiety and Cy5-N3-functionalized microspheres or bacterial entities in the liver can be used to realize in vivo imaging and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Welling
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - N Duszenko
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, Netherlands. and Departments of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - D M van Willigen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - A W Hensbergen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - T Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - D D D Rietbergen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, Netherlands. and Section of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - M Roestenberg
- Departments of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - F W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, Netherlands.
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Buckle T, van der Wal S, van Willigen DM, Aalderink G, KleinJan GH, van Leeuwen FW. Fluorescence background quenching as a means to increase Signal to Background ratio - a proof of concept during Nerve Imaging. Theranostics 2020; 10:9890-9898. [PMID: 32863966 PMCID: PMC7449926 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adequate signal to background ratios are critical for the implementation of fluorescence-guided surgery technologies. While local tracer administrations help to reduce the chance of systemic side effects, reduced spatial migration and non-specific tracer diffusion can impair the discrimination between the tissue of interest and the background. To combat background signals associated with local tracer administration, we explored a pretargeting concept aimed at quenching non-specific fluorescence signals. The efficacy of this concept was evaluated in an in vivo neuronal tracing set-up. Methods: Neuronal tracing was achieved using a wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) lectin. functionalized with an azide-containing Cy5 dye (N3-Cy5-WGA). A Cy7 quencher dye (Cy7-DBCO) was subsequently used to yield Cy7-Cy5-WGA, a compound wherein the Cy5 emission is quenched by Förster resonance energy transfer to Cy7. The photophysical properties of N3-Cy5-WGA and Cy7-Cy5-WGA were evaluated together with deactivation kinetics in situ, in vitro (Schwannoma cell culture), ex vivo (muscle tissue from mice; used for dose optimization), and in vivo (nervus ischiadicus in THY-1 YFP mice). Results:In situ, conjugation of Cy7-DBCO to N3-Cy5-WGA resulted in >90% reduction of the Cy5 fluorescence signal intensity at 30 minutes after addition of the quencher. In cells, pretargeting with the N3-Cy5-WGA lectin yielded membranous staining, which could efficiently be deactivated by Cy7-DBCO over the course of 30 minutes (91% Cy5 signal decrease). In ex vivo muscle tissue, administration of Cy7-DBCO at the site where N3-Cy5-WGA was injected induced 80-90% quenching of the Cy5-related signal after 10-20 minutes, while the Cy7-related signal remained stable over time. In vivo,Cy7-DBCO effectively quenched the non-specific background signal up to 73% within 5 minutes, resulting in a 50% increase in the signal-to-background ratio between the nerve and injection site. Conclusion: The presented pretargeted fluorescence-quenching technology allowed fast and effective reduction of the background signal at the injection site, while preserving in vivo nerve visualization. While this proof-of-principle study was focused on imaging of nerves using a fluorescent WGA-lectin, the same concept could in the future also apply to applications such as sentinel node imaging.
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Hensbergen A, van Willigen DM, Welling MM, van der Wijk FA, de Korne CM, van Oosterom MN, Schottelius M, Wester HJ, Buckle T, van Leeuwen FWB. Click Chemistry in the Design and Production of Hybrid Tracers. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12438-12448. [PMID: 31460363 PMCID: PMC6682143 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid tracers containing both fluorescent and radioactive imaging labels have demonstrated clinical potential during sentinel lymph node procedures. To combine these two labels on a single targeting vector that allows tumor-targeted imaging, end-labeling strategies are often applied. For αvβ3-integrin-targeting hybrid tracers, providing an excellent model for evaluating tracer development strategies, end-labeling-based synthesis provides a rather cumbersome synthesis strategy. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the use of heterobifunctional cyanine dyes in a click-chemistry-based synthesis strategy for RGD-based hybrid tracers. The triazole-based hybrid tracers DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] and DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] were obtained in fewer steps than DTPA-Lys(Cy5(SO 3 )methyl)-Cys-c[RGDyK] and had partition coefficients of log P (o/w) = -2.55 ± 0.10, -1.45 ± 0.03, and -2.67 ± 0.12, respectively. Both tracers were chemically stable, and the brightnesses of DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] and DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] were, respectively, 23 × 103 and 40 × 103 M-1 cm-1; lower than that of the reference tracer DTPA-Lys(Cy5(SO 3 )methyl)-Cys-c[RGDyK] (50 × 103 M-1 cm-1). Assessment of serum protein binding revealed no statistically significant difference (44 ± 2 and 40 ± 2% bound for DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] and DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK], respectively; 36 ± 5% bound for DTPA-Lys(Cy5(SO 3 )methyl)-Cys-c[RGDyK]; p > 0.05). DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] (K D = 17.5 ± 6.0) had a statistically significantly higher affinity than the reference compound DTPA-Lys(Cy5(SO 3 )methyl)-Cys-c[RGDyK] (K D = 30.3 ± 5.7; p < 0.0001), but DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] had a statistically significantly lower affinity (K D = 76.5 ± 18.3 nM; p < 0.0001). Both [ 111 In]DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] and [ 111 In]DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] enabled in vivo visualization of the 4T1 tumor via fluorescence and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. Biodistribution data (% ID/g) revealed a significant increase in nonspecific uptake in the kidney, liver, and muscle for both [ 111 In]DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] and [ 111 In]DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK]. As a result of the higher background activity, the tumor-to-background ratio of the click-labeled RGD analogues was twofold lower compared to the end-labeled reference compound. The use of click chemistry labeling did not yield a pronounced negative effect on serum protein binding, in vitro stability, and receptor affinity; and tumors could still be visualized using SPECT and fluorescence imaging. However, quantitative in vivo biodistribution data suggest that the triazole and strained cyclooctyne moieties associated with this type of click chemistry negatively influence the pharmacokinetics of RGD peptides. Nevertheless, the design might still hold promise for other targets/targeting moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus
W. Hensbergen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Danny M. van Willigen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Mick M. Welling
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Felicia A. van der Wijk
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Clarize M. de Korne
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias N. van Oosterom
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Pharmaceutical
Radiochemistry, Technische Universität
München, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Pharmaceutical
Radiochemistry, Technische Universität
München, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
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