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Zhang ZX, Li ZH, Yin WB, Li SM. Biosynthesis of Viridicatol in Penicillium palitans Implies a Cytochrome P450-Mediated meta Hydroxylation at a Monoalkylated Benzene Ring. Org Lett 2021; 24:262-267. [PMID: 34928155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopenol (1) and viridicatol (6) with m-hydroxyl groups were isolated from a culture of Penicillium palitans. Genome mining and heterologous expression in Aspergillus nidulans led to the identification of their biosynthetic gene cluster and the cytochrome P450 enzyme VdoD responsible for the meta hydroxylation. Precursor feeding experiments into vdoD transformant proved the conversion of cyclopenin (2) to 1, which then undergoes a spontaneous or VdoA-catalyzed rearrangement to 6. A direct conversion of viridicatin (5) to 6 by VdoD was not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Xi Zhang
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Zhang-Hai Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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2
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Yang J, Mori T, Wei X, Matsuda Y, Abe I. Structural Basis for Isomerization Reactions in Fungal Tetrahydroxanthone Biosynthesis and Diversification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Takahiro Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
- PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Xingxing Wei
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yudai Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
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3
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Yang J, Mori T, Wei X, Matsuda Y, Abe I. Structural Basis for Isomerization Reactions in Fungal Tetrahydroxanthone Biosynthesis and Diversification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19458-19465. [PMID: 34180120 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The novel isomerase NsrQ, from Aspergillus novofumigatus, is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of fungal tetrahydroxanthones and is responsible for dearomatizing cyclization to provide a tetrahydroxanthone scaffold. NsrQ catalyzes a two-step isomerization reaction, involving the isomerization of allylic alcohol and subsequent inversion of configuration at the methyl group. We report on the biochemical and structural characterizations of NsrQ, and its homologue Dcr3, from Diaporthe longicolla. The crystal structures of NsrQ and Dcr3 revealed their similar overall structures, with a cone-shaped α+β barrel fold, to those of the nuclear transport factor 2-like superfamily enzymes. Furthermore, the structures of Dcr3 and NsrQ variants complexed with substrate analogues and the site-directed mutagenesis studies identified the catalytic residues and the important hydrophobic residues in shaping the active site pocket for substrate binding. These enzymes thus utilize Glu and His residues as acid-base catalysts. Based on these observations, we proposed a detailed reaction mechanism for NsrQ-catalyzed isomerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Takahiro Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,PRESTO Japan, Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Xingxing Wei
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yudai Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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4
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Cartmell C, Abou Fayad A, Lynch R, Sharma SV, Hauck N, Gust B, Goss RJM. SynBio-SynChem Approaches to Diversifying the Pacidamycins through the Exploitation of an Observed Pictet-Spengler Reaction. Chembiochem 2021; 22:712-716. [PMID: 33058439 PMCID: PMC7898326 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A nonenzymatic Pictet-Spengler reaction has been postulated to give rise to a subset of naturally occurring uridyl peptide antibiotics (UPAs). Here, using a combination of strain engineering and synthetic chemistry, we demonstrate that Pictet-Spengler chemistry may be employed to generate even greater diversity in the UPAs. We use an engineered strain to afford access to meta-tyrosine containing pacidamycin 4. Pictet-Spengler diversification of this compound using a small series of aryl-aldehydes was achieved with some derivatives affording remarkable diastereomeric control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Cartmell
- School of Chemistry and BSRCUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFife, KY16 9STUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Prince Edward Island CharlottetownPrince Edward IslandC1A 4P3Canada
| | - Antoine Abou Fayad
- School of Chemistry and BSRCUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFife, KY16 9STUK
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of Medicine. Center of Infectious Disease Research (CIDR) WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Bacterial PathogensAmerican University of BeirutRiad El-Solh/Beirut1107 2020Lebanon
| | - Rosemary Lynch
- School of Chemistry and BSRCUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFife, KY16 9STUK
| | - Sunil V. Sharma
- School of Chemistry and BSRCUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFife, KY16 9STUK
| | - Nils Hauck
- Pharmazeutische Biologie, Pharmazeutisches InstitutEberhard-Karls-UniversitätAuf der Morgenstelle 872076TübingenGermany
| | - Bertolt Gust
- Pharmazeutische Biologie, Pharmazeutisches InstitutEberhard-Karls-UniversitätAuf der Morgenstelle 872076TübingenGermany
| | - Rebecca J. M. Goss
- School of Chemistry and BSRCUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFife, KY16 9STUK
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5
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Abstract
Natural nonproteinogenic amino acids vastly outnumber the well-known 22 proteinogenic amino acids. Such amino acids are generated in specialized metabolic pathways. In these pathways, diverse biosynthetic transformations, ranging from isomerizations to the stereospecific functionalization of C-H bonds, are employed to generate structural diversity. The resulting nonproteinogenic amino acids can be integrated into more complex natural products. Here we review recently discovered biosynthetic routes to freestanding nonproteinogenic α-amino acids, with an emphasis on work reported between 2013 and mid-2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B Hedges
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Katherine S Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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6
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Grüschow S, Sadler JC, Sharratt PJ, Goss RJM. Phenylalanine meta-Hydroxylase: A Single Residue Mediates Mechanistic Control of Aromatic Amino Acid Hydroxylation. Chembiochem 2019; 21:417-422. [PMID: 31318464 PMCID: PMC7027792 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The rare nonproteinogenic amino acid, meta‐l‐tyrosine is biosynthetically intriguing. Whilst the biogenesis of tyrosine from phenylalanine is well characterised, the mechanistic basis for meta‐hydroxylation is unknown. Herein, we report the analysis of 3‐hydroxylase (Phe3H) from Streptomyces coeruleorubidus. Insights from kinetic analyses of the wild‐type enzyme and key mutants as well as of the biocatalytic conversion of synthetic isotopically labelled substrates and fluorinated substrate analogues advance understanding of the process by which meta‐hydroxylation is mediated, revealing T202 to play an important role. In the case of the WT enzyme, a deuterium label at the 3‐position is lost, whereas in in the T202A mutant 75 % retention is observed, with loss of stereospecificity. These data suggest that one of two possible mechanisms is at play; direct, enzyme‐catalysed deprotonation following electrophilic aromatic substitution or stereospecific loss of one proton after a 1,2‐hydride shift. Furthermore, our kinetic parameters for Phe3H show efficient regiospecific generation of meta‐l‐tyrosine from phenylalanine and demonstrate the enzyme's ability to regiospecifically hydroxylate unnatural fluorinated substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Grüschow
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Joanna C Sadler
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Peter J Sharratt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Rebecca J M Goss
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
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