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Trainor N, Whitwell HJ, Jiménez B, Addison K, Leonidou E, DiMaggio PA, Fuchter MJ. Tracking DOT1L methyltransferase activity by stable isotope labelling using a selective synthetic co-factor. Commun Chem 2024; 7:145. [PMID: 38937590 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic processes influence health and disease through mechanisms which alter gene expression. In contrast to genetic changes which affect DNA sequences, epigenetic marks include DNA base modifications or post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins. Histone methylation is a prominent and versatile example of an epigenetic marker: gene expression or silencing is dependent on the location and extent of the methylation. Protein methyltransferases exhibit functional redundancy and broad preferences for multiple histone residues, which presents a challenge for the study of their individual activities. We developed an isotopically labelled analogue of co-factor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (13CD3-BrSAM), with selectivity for the histone lysine methyltransferase DOT1L, permitting tracking of methylation activity by mass spectrometry (MS). This concept could be applied to other methyltransferases, linking PTM discovery to enzymatic mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Trainor
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 OBZ, UK
| | - Harry J Whitwell
- National Phenome Centre and Imperial Clinical Phenotyping Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, IRDB, Building Imperial College London, London, W12 ONN, UK
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Beatriz Jiménez
- National Phenome Centre and Imperial Clinical Phenotyping Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, IRDB, Building Imperial College London, London, W12 ONN, UK
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Katie Addison
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 OBZ, UK
| | - Emily Leonidou
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 OBZ, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Peter A DiMaggio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 OBZ, UK.
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2
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Yao B, Xing M, Meng S, Li S, Zhou J, Zhang M, Yang C, Qu S, Jin Y, Yuan H, Zen K, Ma C. EBF2 Links KMT2D-Mediated H3K4me1 to Suppress Pancreatic Cancer Progression via Upregulating KLLN. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302037. [PMID: 38015024 PMCID: PMC10787067 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Mono-methylation of histone H3 on Lys 4 (H3K4me1), which is catalyzed by histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D), serves as an important epigenetic regulator in transcriptional control. In this study, the authors identify early B-cell factor 2 (EBF2) as a binding protein of H3K4me1. Combining analyses of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data, the authors further identify killin (KLLN) as a transcriptional target of KMT2D and EBF2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. KMT2D-dependent H3K4me1 and EBF2 are predominantly over-lapped proximal to the transcription start site (TSS) of KLLN gene. Comprehensive functional assays show that KMT2D and EBF2 cooperatively inhibit PDAC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion through upregulating KLLN. Such inhibition on PDAC progression is also achieved through increasing H3K4me1 level by GSK-LSD1, a selective inhibitor of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1). Taken together, these findings reveal a new mechanism underlying PDAC progression and provide potential therapeutic targets for PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yao
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
| | - Mengying Xing
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
| | - Shixin Meng
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
| | - Shang Li
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
| | - Jingwan Zhou
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
| | - Chen Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing University163 Xianlin AvenueNanjing210023China
| | - Shuang Qu
- School of Life Science and TechnologyChina Pharmaceutical University639 Longmian AvenueNanjingJiangsu211198China
| | - Yucui Jin
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC20007USA
| | - Ke Zen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing University163 Xianlin AvenueNanjing210023China
| | - Changyan Ma
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of XenotransplantationNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
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3
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Porzberg MRB, Lenstra DC, Damen E, Blaauw RH, Rutjes FPJT, Wegert A, Mecinović J. (R)-PFI-2 Analogues as Substrates and Inhibitors of Histone Lysine Methyltransferase SETD7. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300457. [PMID: 37872124 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
(R)-PFI-2 is a histone substrate-competitive inhibitor of the human histone lysine monomethyltransferase SETD7. Aimed at developing potent inhibitors of SETD7 that can also act as small molecule substrates, we replaced the pyrrolidine ring of (R)-PFI-2 with several side chains bearing nucleophilic functional groups. We explored the inhibitory activity of 20 novel (R)-PFI-2 analogues, and found that the most potent analogue has a hydroxyethyl side chain (7). SETD7's ability to catalyse methylation of (R)-PFI-2-based small molecules was evaluated by mass spectrometric assays, and we observed efficient methylation of analogues bearing lysine mimicking nucleophilic amines. The optimal side chain was found to be an aminoethyl group (1), which was surprisingly also dimethylated by SETD7. The work demonstrates that small molecules can act as both substrates and inhibitors of biomedically important SETD7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam R B Porzberg
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen (The, Netherlands
| | - Danny C Lenstra
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen (The, Netherlands
| | - Eddy Damen
- Symeres Netherlands B.V., Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB, Nijmegen (The, Netherlands
| | - Richard H Blaauw
- Symeres Netherlands B.V., Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB, Nijmegen (The, Netherlands
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen (The, Netherlands
| | - Anita Wegert
- Symeres Netherlands B.V., Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB, Nijmegen (The, Netherlands
| | - Jasmin Mecinović
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
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4
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Avraham S, Schütz L, Käver L, Dankers A, Margalit S, Michaeli Y, Zirkin S, Torchinsky D, Gilat N, Bahr O, Nifker G, Koren-Michowitz M, Weinhold E, Ebenstein Y. Chemo-Enzymatic Fluorescence Labeling Of Genomic DNA For Simultaneous Detection Of Global 5-Methylcytosine And 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300400. [PMID: 37518671 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
5-Methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine are epigenetic modifications involved in gene regulation and cancer. We present a new, simple, and high-throughput platform for multi-color epigenetic analysis. The novelty of our approach is the ability to multiplex methylation and de-methylation signals in the same assay. We utilize an engineered methyltransferase enzyme that recognizes and labels all unmodified CpG sites with a fluorescent cofactor. In combination with the already established labeling of the de-methylation mark 5-hydroxymethylcytosine via enzymatic glycosylation, we obtained a robust platform for simultaneous epigenetic analysis of these marks. We assessed the global epigenetic levels in multiple samples of colorectal cancer and observed a 3.5-fold reduction in 5hmC levels but no change in DNA methylation levels between sick and healthy individuals. We also measured epigenetic modifications in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and observed a decrease in both modification levels (5-hydroxymethylcytosine: whole blood 30 %; peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 40 %. 5-methylcytosine: whole blood 53 %; PBMCs 48 %). Our findings propose using a simple blood test as a viable method for analysis, simplifying sample handling in diagnostics. Importantly, our results highlight the assay's potential for epigenetic evaluation of clinical samples, benefiting research and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Avraham
- Department of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly SacklerFaculty of Exact Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv-Yafo, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- School of Chemistry,Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Leonie Schütz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Larissa Käver
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Dankers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sapir Margalit
- Department of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly SacklerFaculty of Exact Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv-Yafo, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Michaeli
- Department of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly SacklerFaculty of Exact Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv-Yafo, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- School of Chemistry,Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Shahar Zirkin
- Department of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly SacklerFaculty of Exact Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv-Yafo, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- School of Chemistry,Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Dmitry Torchinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly SacklerFaculty of Exact Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv-Yafo, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- School of Chemistry,Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Noa Gilat
- Department of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly SacklerFaculty of Exact Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv-Yafo, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- School of Chemistry,Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Omer Bahr
- Department of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly SacklerFaculty of Exact Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv-Yafo, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- School of Chemistry,Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Gil Nifker
- Department of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly SacklerFaculty of Exact Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv-Yafo, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- School of Chemistry,Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | | | - Elmar Weinhold
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yuval Ebenstein
- Department of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly SacklerFaculty of Exact Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv-Yafo, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- School of Chemistry,Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
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5
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Hu Z, Wang G, Zhang R, Yang Y, Wang J, Hu J, Reheman A. Sustained-release behavior and the antitumor effect of charge-convertible poly(amino acid)s drug-loaded nanoparticles. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023:10.1007/s13346-023-01323-w. [PMID: 36913103 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01323-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing tissue permeability and achieving drug aggregation is the key to targeted tumor therapy. A series triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-lysine)-poly(L-glutamine) were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization, and charge-convertible nano-delivery system was constructed by loading doxorubicin (DOX) with 2-(hexaethylimide) ethanol on side chain. In normal environment (pH = 7.4), the zeta potential of the drug-loaded nanoparticle solution is negative, which is conducive to avoiding the identification and clearance of nanoparticles by the reticulo-endothelial system, while potential-reversal can be achieved in the tumor microenvironment, which effectively promotes cellular uptake. Nanoparticles could effectively reduce the distribution of DOX in normal tissues and achieve targeted aggregation at tumor sites, which can effectively improve the antitumor effect, while would not causing toxicity and damage to normal body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Hu
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongshu Wang
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyu Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Toxicology, Medical College, Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian, 352100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Toxicology, Medical College, Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian, 352100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianshe Hu
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aikebaier Reheman
- Fujian Province University Engineering Research Center of Mindong She Medicine, Medical College, Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian, 352100, People's Republic of China
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6
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Maas MN, Hintzen JCJ, Mecinović J. Probing lysine posttranslational modifications by unnatural amino acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7216-7231. [PMID: 35678513 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00708h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications, typically small chemical tags attached on amino acids following protein biosynthesis, have a profound effect on protein structure and function. Numerous chemically and structurally diverse posttranslational modifications, including methylation, acetylation, hydroxylation, and ubiquitination, have been identified and characterised on lysine residues in proteins. In this feature article, we focus on chemical tools that rely on the site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids into peptides and proteins to probe posttranslational modifications of lysine. We highlight that simple amino acid mimics enable detailed mechanistic and functional assignment of enzymes that install and remove such modifications, and proteins that specifically recognise lysine posttranslational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn N Maas
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Jordi C J Hintzen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Jasmin Mecinović
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
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7
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Maas MN, Hintzen JCJ, Porzberg MRB, Mecinović J. Trimethyllysine: From Carnitine Biosynthesis to Epigenetics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9451. [PMID: 33322546 PMCID: PMC7764450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethyllysine is an important post-translationally modified amino acid with functions in the carnitine biosynthesis and regulation of key epigenetic processes. Protein lysine methyltransferases and demethylases dynamically control protein lysine methylation, with each state of methylation changing the biophysical properties of lysine and the subsequent effect on protein function, in particular histone proteins and their central role in epigenetics. Epigenetic reader domain proteins can distinguish between different lysine methylation states and initiate downstream cellular processes upon recognition. Dysregulation of protein methylation is linked to various diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and genetic disorders. In this review, we cover biomolecular studies on the role of trimethyllysine in carnitine biosynthesis, different enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis and removal of trimethyllysine, trimethyllysine recognition by reader proteins, and the role of trimethyllysine on the nucleosome assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jasmin Mecinović
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (M.N.M.); (J.C.J.H.); (M.R.B.P.)
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8
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Al Temimi AHK, Merx J, van Noortwijk CJ, Proietti G, Buijs R, White PB, Rutjes FPJT, Boltje TJ, Mecinović J. Fine-tuning of lysine side chain modulates the activity of histone lysine methyltransferases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21574. [PMID: 33299050 PMCID: PMC7726145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) play an important role in epigenetic gene regulation and have emerged as promising targets for drug discovery. However, the scope and limitation of KMT catalysis on substrates possessing substituted lysine side chains remain insufficiently explored. Here, we identify new unnatural lysine analogues as substrates for human methyltransferases SETD7, SETD8, G9a and GLP. Two synthetic amino acids that possess a subtle modification on the lysine side chain, namely oxygen at the γ position (KO, oxalysine) and nitrogen at the γ position (KN, azalysine) were incorporated into histone peptides and tested as KMTs substrates. Our results demonstrate that these lysine analogues are mono-, di-, and trimethylated to a different extent by trimethyltransferases G9a and GLP. In contrast to monomethyltransferase SETD7, SETD8 exhibits high specificity for both lysine analogues. These findings are important to understand the substrate scope of KMTs and to develop new chemical probes for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas H K Al Temimi
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jona Merx
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian J van Noortwijk
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giordano Proietti
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Romano Buijs
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul B White
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasmin Mecinović
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark.
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9
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McKean IJW, Hoskisson PA, Burley GA. Biocatalytic Alkylation Cascades: Recent Advances and Future Opportunities for Late‐Stage Functionalization. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2890-2897. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iain J. W. McKean
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Hoskisson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences University of Strathclyde 161 Cathedral Street Glasgow G4 0RE United Kingdom
| | - Glenn A. Burley
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom
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10
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Al Temimi AHK, Martin M, Meng Q, Lenstra DC, Qian P, Guo H, Weinhold E, Mecinović J. Lysine Ethylation by Histone Lysine Methyltransferases. Chembiochem 2019; 21:392-400. [PMID: 31287209 PMCID: PMC7064923 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Biomedicinally important histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from S‐adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) cosubstrate to lysine residues in histones and other proteins. Herein, experimental and computational investigations on human KMT‐catalyzed ethylation of histone peptides by using S‐adenosylethionine (AdoEth) and Se‐adenosylselenoethionine (AdoSeEth) cosubstrates are reported. MALDI‐TOF MS experiments reveal that, unlike monomethyltransferases SETD7 and SETD8, methyltransferases G9a and G9a‐like protein (GLP) do have the capacity to ethylate lysine residues in histone peptides, and that cosubstrates follow the efficiency trend AdoMet>AdoSeEth>AdoEth. G9a and GLP can also catalyze AdoSeEth‐mediated ethylation of ornithine and produce histone peptides bearing lysine residues with different alkyl groups, such as H3K9meet and H3K9me2et. Molecular dynamics and free energy simulations based on quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics potential supported the experimental findings by providing an insight into the geometry and energetics of the enzymatic methyl/ethyl transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas H K Al Temimi
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Martin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Qingxi Meng
- Chemistry and Material Science Faculty, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No.61, Tai'an, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Danny C Lenstra
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ping Qian
- Chemistry and Material Science Faculty, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No.61, Tai'an, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, 1311 Cumberland Avenue, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.,UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Elmar Weinhold
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Mecinović
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
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